{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T00:34:31Z","timestamp":1760315671728,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111276","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]],"date-time":"2021-04-20T21:50:49Z","timestamp":1618955449000},"page":"111276","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Adequate intake of plant protein foods and moderate intake of animal protein foods are inversely associated with C-reactive protein in US adults with diabetes: A cross-sectional study with National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"89","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0298-3675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masako","family":"Matsunaga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3641-0784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric L.","family":"Hurwitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dongmei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111276_bib0001","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Preventing heart disease. Available at: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/heartdisease\/prevention.htm. Accessed February 23, 2021."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111276_bib0002","unstructured":"CDC\/National Center for Health Statistics. FastStats: diseases and conditions. Available at: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/fastats\/diseases-and-conditions.htm. Accessed February 25, 2021."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111276_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000053730.47739.3C","article-title":"Clinical application of C-reactive protein for cardiovascular disease detection and prevention","volume":"107","author":"Ridker","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111276_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kws443","article-title":"Trends in C-reactive protein levels in US adults from 1999 to 2010","volume":"177","author":"Ong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111276_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.6061\/clinics\/2016(04)11","article-title":"High-sensitivity C-reactive protein and cardiovascular disease across countries and ethnicities","volume":"71","author":"Fonseca","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clinics (Sao Paulo)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111276_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2020.07.005","article-title":"Dose-response association between C-reactive protein and risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies","volume":"51","author":"Ni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111276_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1971","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.22.12.1971","article-title":"Body mass index, diabetes, and C-reactive protein among U.S. adults","volume":"22","author":"Ford","year":"1999","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111276_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-029861","article-title":"C reactive protein level as a marker for dyslipidaemia, diabetes and metabolic syndrome: results from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey","volume":"9","author":"Jeong","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111276_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-020-01704-w","article-title":"Assessment of high sensitivity C-reactive protein and coronary plaque characteristics by computed tomography in patients with and without diabetes mellitus","volume":"20","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111276_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.116.242552","article-title":"Dietary patterns and type 2 diabetes: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of prospective studies","volume":"147","author":"Jannasch","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111276_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2017.08.024","article-title":"Diet quality as assessed by the Healthy Eating Index, Alternate Healthy Eating Index, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Score, and Health Outcomes: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies","volume":"118","author":"Schwingshackl","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Acad Nutr Diet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111276_bib0012","first-page":"11","article-title":"Dietary patterns and cardiometabolic outcomes in diabetes: a summary of systematic reviews and meta-analyses","author":"Kahleova","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111276_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2020.08.076","article-title":"Diet quality as assessed by the Healthy Eating Index, Alternate Healthy Eating Index, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Score, and health outcomes: a second update of a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies","volume":"120","author":"Morze","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Acad Nutr Diet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111276_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/1047-2797(94)00055-X","article-title":"Rationale and design of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension trial (DASH). A multicenter controlled-feeding study of dietary patterns to lower blood pressure","volume":"5","author":"Sacks","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111276_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199704173361601","article-title":"A clinical trial of the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure. DASH Collaborative Research Group","volume":"336","author":"Appel","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111276_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200101043440101","article-title":"Effects on blood pressure of reduced dietary sodium and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet. DASH-Sodium Collaborative Research Group","volume":"344","author":"Sacks","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111276_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuz003","article-title":"Randomized controlled trials investigating the relationship between dietary pattern and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein: a systematic review","volume":"77","author":"Pickworth","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111276_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.7326\/M20-0336","article-title":"Associations between dietary patterns and subclinical cardiac injury: an observational analysis from the DASH Trial","volume":"172","author":"Juraschek","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111276_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2017.02.018","article-title":"The effect of dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) on serum inflammatory markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials","volume":"37","author":"Soltani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111276_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114517002033","article-title":"A priori-defined diet quality indices, biomarkers and risk for type 2 diabetes in five ethnic groups: the multiethnic cohort","volume":"118","author":"Jacobs","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111276_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.03.022","article-title":"Diet quality and diet patterns in relation to circulating cardiometabolic biomarkers","volume":"35","author":"Ko","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111276_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2017.10.015","article-title":"Dietary quality and markers of inflammation: No association in youth with type 1 diabetes","volume":"32","author":"Liese","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111276_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2020.07.013","article-title":"Adherence to dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) and Mediterranean dietary patterns in relation to cardiovascular risk factors in older adults","volume":"39","author":"Jalilpiran","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Nutr ESPEN"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111276_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2018.05.021","article-title":"Update of the Healthy Eating Index: HEI-2015","volume":"118","author":"Krebs-Smith","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Acad Nutr Diet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111276_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2018.05.019","article-title":"Evaluation of the Healthy Eating Index-2015","volume":"118","author":"Reedy","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Acad Nutr Diet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111276_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.3945\/an.116.013821","article-title":"Optimizing protein intake in adults: interpretation and application of the recommended dietary allowance compared with the acceptable macronutrient distribution range","volume":"8","author":"Wolfe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111276_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-013-0348-2","article-title":"The role of dietary proteins among persons with diabetes","volume":"15","author":"Beasley","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Atheroscler Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111276_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9090982","article-title":"Dietary protein consumption and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies","volume":"9","author":"Tian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111276_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8080446","article-title":"Emerging evidence for the importance of dietary protein source on glucoregulatory markers and type 2 diabetes: different effects of dairy, meat, fish, egg, and plant protein foods","volume":"8","author":"Comerford","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111276_bib0030","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: NHANES questionnaires, datasets, and related documentation. Available at: https:\/\/wwwn.cdc.gov\/nchs\/nhanes\/default.aspx. Accessed February 25, 2021."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111276_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.10029","article-title":"Prevalence of and trends in diabetes among adults in the United States, 1988\u20132012","volume":"314","author":"Menke","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111276_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2017.03.010","volume":"118","author":"Matsunaga","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Acad Nutr Diet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111276_bib0033","unstructured":"Agricultural Research Service US Department of Agriculture. Food patterns equivalents database overview. Available at: https:\/\/www.ars.usda.gov\/northeast-area\/beltsville-md-bhnrc\/beltsville-human-nutrition-research-center\/food-surveys-research-group\/docs\/fped-overview\/. Accessed Februrary 24, 2021."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111276_bib0034","unstructured":"US Department of Health and Human Services National Institutes of Health National Heart Lung and Blood Institute. Your guide to loweirng your blood pressure with DASH. Available at: http:\/\/www.nhlbi.nih.gov\/files\/docs\/public\/heart\/new_dash.pdf. Accessed February 24, 2021."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111276_bib0035","unstructured":"National Cancer Institute. Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences. Healthy Eating Index, SAS code. Available at: https:\/\/epi.grants.cancer.gov\/hei\/sas-code.html. Accessed February 24, 2021."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111276_bib0036","first-page":"1","article-title":"National health and nutrition examination survey: analytic guidelines, 1999\u20132010","volume":"2","author":"Johnson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vital Health Stat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111276_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000052939.59093.45","article-title":"Markers of inflammation and cardiovascular disease: application to clinical and public health practice: a statement for healthcare professionals from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Heart Association","volume":"107","author":"Pearson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"year":"2020","series-title":"R: a language and environment for statistical computing","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111276_bib0038"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111276_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e35","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000574","article-title":"Seafood long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and cardiovascular disease: a science advisory from the American Heart Association","volume":"138","author":"Rimm","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111276_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2019-314755","article-title":"Serum long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, hair mercury and exercise-induced myocardial ischaemia in men","volume":"105","author":"Tajik","year":"2019","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111276_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.5334\/aogh.2831","article-title":"Human health and ocean pollution","volume":"86","author":"Landrigan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Glob Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111276_bib0042","unstructured":"US Department of Agriculture and US Department of Health and Human Services. Dietary guidelines for Americans, 2020\u20132025. Available at: https:\/\/www.dietaryguidelines.gov\/. Accessed March 3, 2021."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111276_bib0043","unstructured":"American Heart Association. Fish and omega-3 fatty acids. Available at: https:\/\/www.heart.org\/en\/healthy-living\/healthy-eating\/eat-smart\/fats\/fish-and-omega-3-fatty-acids. Accessed March 3, 2021."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111276_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.2337\/dci19-0014","article-title":"Nutrition therapy for adults with diabetes or prediabetes: a consensus report","volume":"42","author":"Evert","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111276_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2006.03799.x","article-title":"Perceived barriers and effective strategies to diabetes self-management","volume":"54","author":"Nagelkerk","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111276_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1177\/0033354918794935","article-title":"Sociodemographic factors associated with engagement in diabetes self-management education among people with diabetes in the United States","volume":"133","author":"Adjei Boakye","year":"2018","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"}],"container-title":["Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0899900721001386?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0899900721001386?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T12:16:59Z","timestamp":1760271419000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0899900721001386"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["S0899900721001386"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111276","relation":{},"ISSN":["0899-9007"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0899-9007"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Adequate intake of plant protein foods and moderate intake of animal protein foods are inversely associated with C-reactive protein in US adults with diabetes: A cross-sectional study with National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Nutrition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111276","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"111276"}}