{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T18:29:06Z","timestamp":1793039346715,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003478","name":"Government of Japan Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111378","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,2]],"date-time":"2021-06-02T03:18:25Z","timestamp":1622603905000},"page":"111378","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Dietary intake of vegetables, fruit, and antioxidants and risk of ulcerative colitis: A case-control study in Japan"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"91-92","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1244-4488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshihiro","family":"Miyake","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keiko","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chisato","family":"Nagata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0041-7688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shinya","family":"Furukawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Andoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7699-6882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tetsuji","family":"Yokoyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Yoshimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenichiro","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoyuki","family":"Ninomiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4160-9608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasunori","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eiji","family":"Takeshita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshio","family":"Ikeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitsuru","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3432-1772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katsuhisa","family":"Ohashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirotsugu","family":"Imaeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuki","family":"Kakimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuhide","family":"Higuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Nunoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuji","family":"Mizukami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1471-9393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seiyuu","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9796-6930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sakiko","family":"Hiraoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Okada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keitarou","family":"Kawasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaaki","family":"Higashiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryota","family":"Hokari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiromasa","family":"Miura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teruki","family":"Miyake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2292-7750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teru","family":"Kumagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiromasa","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naohito","family":"Hato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Sayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4117-339X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoichi","family":"Hiasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111378_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1756","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)32126-2","article-title":"Ulcerative colitis","volume":"389","author":"Ungaro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111378_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2769","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32448-0","article-title":"Worldwide incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in the 21st century: A systematic review of population-based studies","volume":"390","author":"Ng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111378_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-009-0057-3","article-title":"Prevalence of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease in Japan","volume":"44","author":"Asakura","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111378_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-019-01603-8","article-title":"Estimated prevalence of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease in Japan in 2014: An analysis of a nationwide survey","volume":"54","author":"Murakami","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111378_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000000330","article-title":"Consumption of vegetables and fruit and the risk of inflammatory bowel disease: A meta-analysis","volume":"27","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111378_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2015.10.006","article-title":"Antioxidant therapy for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: Does it work?","volume":"6","author":"Moura","year":"2015","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111378_bib0007","first-page":"20245","article-title":"Ascorbic acid ameliorates oxidative stress and inflammation in dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in mice","volume":"8","author":"Yan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111378_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.3177\/jnsv.65.318","article-title":"Oral supplementation of tocotrienol-rich fraction alleviates severity of ulcerative colitis in mice","volume":"65","author":"Saw","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111378_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2018.09.026","article-title":"Vitamin A supplementation decreases disease activity index in patients with ulcerative colitis: A randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"41","author":"Masnadi Shirazi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Complement Ther Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111378_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.40.6.754","article-title":"Pre-illness dietary factors in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"40","author":"Reif","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111378_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1097\/00054725-200502000-00009","article-title":"Dietary risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease: A multicenter case-control study in Japan","volume":"11","author":"Sakamoto","year":"2005","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111378_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1159\/000121412","article-title":"Diet in the aetiology of ulcerative colitis: A European prospective cohort study","volume":"77","author":"Hart","year":"2008","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111378_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2000.01942.x","article-title":"Diet as a risk factor for the development of ulcerative colitis","volume":"95","author":"Geerling","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111378_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.3177\/jnsv.53.153","article-title":"Dietary intake, neutrophil fatty acid profile, serum antioxidant vitamins and oxygen radical absorbance capacity in patients with ulcerative colitis","volume":"53","author":"Kawakami","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111378_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-2980.12823","article-title":"Dietary total antioxidant capacity and risk of ulcerative colitis: A case-control study","volume":"20","author":"Rahmani","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Dig Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111378_bib0016","first-page":"202","article-title":"Blood concentrations and renal clearance of water-soluble vitamins in outpatients with ulcerative colitis","volume":"10","author":"Iwakawa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111378_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/29.1.38","article-title":"Validity and reproducibility of a quantitative food frequency questionnaire for a cohort study in Japan","volume":"29","author":"Shimizu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Jpn J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111378_bib0018","series-title":"Standard Tables of Food Composition in Japan","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111378_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114366","article-title":"Total energy intake: implications for epidemiologic analyses","volume":"124","author":"Willett","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111378_bib0020","first-page":"2311","article-title":"High school diet and risk of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis","volume":"21","author":"Ananthakrishnan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111378_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2016.0101","article-title":"Reflections about inflammatory bowel disease and vitamins A and D","volume":"19","author":"Barbalho","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Med Food"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111378_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/7353252","article-title":"All-trans retinoic acid modulates TLR4\/NF-\u03baB signaling pathway targeting TNF-\u03b1 and nitric oxide synthase 2 expression in colonic mucosa during ulcerative colitis and colitis associated cancer","volume":"2017","author":"Rafa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111378_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.3164\/jcbn.10-07","article-title":"Energy expenditure in Japanese patients with severe or moderate ulcerative colitis","volume":"47","author":"Sasaki","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Biochem Nutr"}],"container-title":["Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0899900721002409?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0899900721002409?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T12:14:56Z","timestamp":1760271296000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0899900721002409"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"references-count":23,"alternative-id":["S0899900721002409"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111378","relation":{},"ISSN":["0899-9007"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0899-9007","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Dietary intake of vegetables, fruit, and antioxidants and risk of ulcerative colitis: A case-control study in Japan","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Nutrition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111378","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"111378"}}