{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T15:40:33Z","timestamp":1787240433911,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2023.112317","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]],"date-time":"2023-11-29T18:00:02Z","timestamp":1701280802000},"page":"112317","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Discovery of distinct cancer cachexia phenotypes using an unsupervised machine-learning algorithm"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"119","author":[{"given":"Hao-Fan","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiang-Peng","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong-Xia","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun-Hua","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeng-Qing","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan-Jun","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhe","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu-Qun","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng-Min","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han-Ping","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7751-0023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheng-Le","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2023.112317_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2230","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdw420","article-title":"Perspectives of health care professionals on cancer cachexia: results from three global surveys","volume":"27","author":"Muscaritoli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2023.112317_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12776","article-title":"Prevalence and prognostic impact of cachexia among older patients with cancer: a nationwide cross-sectional survey","volume":"12","author":"Poisson","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2023.112317_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(10)70218-7","article-title":"Definition and classification of cancer cachexia: an international consensus","volume":"12","author":"Fearon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2023.112317_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdu086","article-title":"Validation of the Consensus-Definition for Cancer Cachexia and evaluation of a classification model\u2014a study based on data from an international multicentre project","volume":"25","author":"Blum","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2023.112317_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(16)30057-2","article-title":"Cachexia in patients with cancer","volume":"17","author":"Jafri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2023.112317_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2015.63.6043","article-title":"Loss of muscle mass during chemotherapy is predictive for poor survival of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer","volume":"34","author":"Blauwhoff-Buskermolen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2023.112317_bib0007","first-page":"2625","article-title":"A systematic review of health-related quality of life instruments in patients with cancer cachexia","volume":"21","author":"Wheelwright","year":"2013","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2023.112317_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4037","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.02.016","article-title":"Cancer-associated anorexia: validity and performance overtime of different appetite tools among patients at their first cancer diagnosis","volume":"40","author":"Molfino","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2023.112317_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12761","article-title":"Association of systemic inflammation with survival in patients with cancer cachexia: results from a multicentre cohort study","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2023.112317_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12778","article-title":"Associations of low hand grip strength with 1 year mortality of cancer cachexia: a multicentre observational study","volume":"12","author":"Song","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2023.112317_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2335","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdv365","article-title":"Development and validation of a nomogram to predict survival in incurable cachectic cancer patients on home parenteral nutrition","volume":"26","author":"Bozzetti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2023.112317_bib0012","first-page":"1569","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria of cancer cachexia: relation to quality of life, exercise capacity and survival in unselected palliative care patients","volume":"21","author":"Wallengren","year":"2013","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2023.112317_bib0013","first-page":"875","article-title":"The prognostic effect of hemoglobin on patients with cancer cachexia: a multicenter retrospective cohort study","volume":"30","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2023.112317_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.6.1345","article-title":"Definition of cancer cachexia: effect of weight loss, reduced food intake, and systemic inflammation on functional status and prognosis","volume":"83","author":"Fearon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2023.112317_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(15)00558-6","article-title":"Anamorelin in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer and cachexia : results from two randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trials","volume":"17","author":"Temel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2023.112317_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1959","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12799","article-title":"Feasibility and efficacy of enteral tube feeding on weight stability, lean body mass, and patient-reported outcomes in pancreatic cancer cachexia","volume":"12","author":"Gresham","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2023.112317_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12900","article-title":"Physical exercise at the crossroad between muscle wasting and the immune system: implications for lung cancer cachexia","volume":"13","author":"Cortiula","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2023.112317_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btq170","article-title":"ConsensusClusterPlus: a class discovery tool with confidence assessments and item tracking","volume":"26","author":"Wilkerson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2023.112317_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2020030239","article-title":"Subtyping CKD patients by consensus clustering: the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort study","volume":"32","author":"Zheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2023.112317_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2022.1286","article-title":"Use of machine learning consensus clustering to identify distinct subtypes of black kidney transplant recipients and associated outcomes","author":"Thongprayoon","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2023.112317_bib0021","first-page":"e00014","article-title":"Extension protocol for the Investigation on Nutrition Status and Clinical Outcome of Patients with Common Cancers in China study: 2021 update","volume":"1","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Precision Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2023.112317_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2019.12.012","article-title":"Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia: 2019 consensus update on sarcopenia diagnosis and treatment","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2023.112317_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6207","DOI":"10.1038\/srep06207","article-title":"Critical limitations of consensus clustering in class discovery","volume":"4","author":"\u0218enbabao\u011flu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2023.112317_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-193211000-00002","article-title":"The immediate causes of death in cancer","volume":"184","author":"Warren","year":"1932","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2023.112317_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12167","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical impact of cachexia in chronic illness in Europe, USA, and Japan: facts and numbers update 2016","volume":"7","author":"von Haehling","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2023.112317_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.07.028","article-title":"Near-term prognostic impact of integrated muscle mass and function in upper gastrointestinal cancer","volume":"40","author":"Tang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2023.112317_bib0027","first-page":"230","article-title":"American Cancer Society nutrition and physical activity guideline for cancer survivors","volume":"72","author":"Rock","year":"2022","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2023.112317_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1666","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.18.01579","article-title":"Perceptions of patients with breast and colon cancer of the management of cancer-related pain, fatigue, and emotional distress in community oncology","volume":"37","author":"Smith","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2023.112317_bib0029","first-page":"153","article-title":"The financial burden and distress of patients with cancer: Understanding and stepping-up action on the financial toxicity of cancer treatment","volume":"68","author":"Carrera","year":"2018","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2023.112317_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djac044","article-title":"Association of medical financial hardship and mortality among cancer survivors in the United States","volume":"114","author":"Yabroff","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2023.112317_bib0031","first-page":"8231","article-title":"Financial toxicity in female patients with breast cancer: a national cross-sectional study in China","volume":"30","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2023.112317_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2019.05.011","article-title":"Financial strain and physical and emotional quality of life in breast cancer","volume":"58","author":"Perry","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2023.112317_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2019.06.023","article-title":"Understanding financial toxicity in head and neck cancer survivors","volume":"95","author":"Mady","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2023.112317_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/61.10.1059","article-title":"The loss of skeletal muscle strength, mass, and quality in older adults: the health, aging and body composition study","volume":"61","author":"Goodpaster","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2023.112317_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/61.1.72","article-title":"Strength, but not muscle mass, is associated with mortality in the health, aging and body composition study cohort","volume":"61","author":"Newman","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2023.112317_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2007.08.088","article-title":"The prognostic effects of performance status and quality of life scores on progression-free survival and overall survival in advanced ovarian cancer","volume":"108","author":"Carey","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2023.112317_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(19)30656-4","article-title":"Prognostic value of patient-reported outcomes from international randomised clinical trials on cancer: a systematic review","volume":"20","author":"Mierzynska","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2023.112317_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2018.08.002","article-title":"GLIM criteria for the diagnosis of malnutrition\u2014a consensus report from the global clinical nutrition community","volume":"38","author":"Cederholm","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"}],"container-title":["Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0899900723003453?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0899900723003453?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T12:25:41Z","timestamp":1760271941000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0899900723003453"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["S0899900723003453"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nut.2023.112317","relation":{},"ISSN":["0899-9007"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0899-9007","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Discovery of distinct cancer cachexia phenotypes using an unsupervised machine-learning algorithm","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Nutrition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nut.2023.112317","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"112317"}}