{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T10:55:52Z","timestamp":1792839352241,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,26]],"date-time":"2024-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735171200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,27]],"date-time":"2024-12-27T16:21:14Z","timestamp":1735316474000},"page":"112675","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Nutritional assessment of patients with liver cirrhosis in the outpatient setting: A narrative review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"132","author":[{"given":"Stuart","family":"Bartlett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0438-0739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tsz Hong","family":"Yiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zina","family":"Valaydon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1177\/0260106019888362","article-title":"Assessing nutritional status in a cohort of liver cirrhosis outpatients: a prospective cross-sectional study","volume":"26","author":"Luong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutr Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-28032006000400005","article-title":"Evaluation of nutritional status of nonhospitalized patients with liver cirrhosis","volume":"43","author":"Carvalho","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arq Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/63.4.602","article-title":"Malnutrition in alcoholic and virus-related cirrhosis","volume":"63","author":"Caregaro","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutri"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2011-300886","article-title":"Guidelines for liver transplantation for patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"61","author":"Newsome","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chapman, B., Sinclar, M., Gow, P. and Testro, A. Malnutrition in cirrhosis: more food for thought. World J Hepatol; 12(11): 883-896. Doi: 10.4254\/wjh.v12.i11.883","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v12.i11.883"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(05)80599-9","article-title":"Prognostic variables in patients with cirrhosis and oesophageal varices without prior bleeding","volume":"21","author":"M\u00f8ller","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2007.01562.x","article-title":"Malnutrition and diabetes mellitus are related to hepatic encephalopathy in patients with liver cirrhosis","volume":"27","author":"Kalaitzakis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840160318","article-title":"Incidence and predictive factors of first episode of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhosis with ascites: relevance of ascitic fluid protein concentration","volume":"16","author":"Llach","year":"1992","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12999","article-title":"Malnutrition in cirrhosis increases morbidity and mortality","volume":"30","author":"Maharshi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2009.02077.x","article-title":"Protein-calorie malnutrition as a prognostic indicator of mortality among patients hospitalized with cirrhosis and portal hypertension","volume":"29","author":"Sam","year":"2009","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"issue":"45","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12835","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i45.12835","article-title":"Nutritional care in hospitalized patients with chronic liver disease","volume":"21","author":"Huynh","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0b013e328311f281","article-title":"How close do gastroenterologists follow specific guidelines for nutrition recommendations in liver cirrhosis? A survey of current practice","volume":"21","author":"Gundling","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114519002277","article-title":"Evaluation of the effectiveness of eight screening tools in detecting risk of malnutrition in cirrhotic patients: the KIRRHOS study","volume":"122","author":"Georgiou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2004.02.002","article-title":"Comparison between handgrip strength, subjective global assessment, and prognostic nutritional index in assessing malnutrition and predicting clinical outcome in cirrhotic outpatients","volume":"21","author":"\u00c1lvares-da-Silva","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114520002366","article-title":"Royal Free Hospital-Nutritional Prioritizing Tool improves the prediction of malnutrition risk outcomes in liver cirrhosis patients compared with Nutritional Risk Screening 2002","volume":"124","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21358","article-title":"Derivation and validation of a new global method for assessing nutritional status in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"44","author":"Morgan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1177\/014860718701100108","article-title":"What is subjective global assessment of nutritional status?","volume":"11","author":"Detsky","year":"1987","journal-title":"JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A90","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-302514b.40","article-title":"The Development and validation of a nutritional prioritising tool for use in patients with chronic liver disease","volume":"61","author":"Arora","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1111\/jhn.12759","article-title":"Comparison between criteria for diagnosing malnutrition in patients with advanced chronic liver disease: GLIM group proposal versus different nutritional screening tools","volume":"33","author":"Boulhosa","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hum Nutr Diet"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-015-4015-z","article-title":"The Royal Free Hospital-Nutritional Prioritizing Tool Is an Independent Predictor of Deterioration of Liver Function and Survival in Cirrhosis","volume":"61","author":"Borhofen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amodio, P., Bemeur, C., Butterworth, R, et al. The nutritional management of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis: international society for hepatic encephalopathy and nitrogen metabolism consensus. Hepatology. 58(1): 325-336.Doi: 10.1002\/hep.26370","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26370"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1177\/0884533615587537","article-title":"Validation of a screening tool to identify undernutrition in ambulatory patients with liver cirrhosis","volume":"30","author":"Booi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutr Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2017.10.009","article-title":"Comparing assessment tools for detecting undernutrition in patients with liver cirrhosis","volume":"23","author":"McFarlane","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Nutr ESPEN"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1002\/ncp.10862","article-title":"Specific nutrition evaluation of patients with advanced chronic liver disease: development and validation","volume":"37","author":"Boulhosa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutr Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2023.09.524","article-title":"Association between specific nutritional evaluation instrument for patients with advanced chronic liver disease (SNE-ACLD), the royal free hospital global assessment (RFH-GA) and anthropometric indicators","volume":"58","author":"Aruda","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Nutr ESPEN"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/S0261-5614(02)00214-5","article-title":"Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS 2002): a new method based on an analysis of controlled clinical trials","volume":"22","author":"Kondrup","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12051306","article-title":"Validation of malnutrition screening tools in liver cirrhosis","volume":"12","author":"Traub","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0028","series-title":"British Association for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition","article-title":"The MUST Report- nutritional screening of adults: a multidisciplinary responsibility","year":"2003"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0029","first-page":"336","article-title":"Screening for undernutrition in geriatric practice: developing the short-form mini-nutritional assessment (MNA-SF)","volume":"56","author":"Rubenstein","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Geront A Biol Sci Med Schi"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1002\/ncp.10640","article-title":"Mini nutritional assessment \u2013 short form is a useful malnutrition screening tool in patients with liver cirrhosis, using the global leadership initiative for malnutrition criteria as the gold standard","volume":"36","author":"Casas Deza","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutr Clin Pract"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0031","first-page":"2006","article-title":"Evaluation of the nutritional status of patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis treated at the liver clinic of the general hospital of Mexico","volume":"27","author":"Landa-Galvin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nutr Hosp"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ncp.10584","article-title":"Phase angle is an independent predictor of 6-month mortality in patients with decompensated cirrhosis: a prospective cohort study","volume":"35","author":"Saueressig","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutr Clin Pract"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-28032016000400008","article-title":"Food consumption of cirrhotic patients, comparison with the nutritional status and disease staging","volume":"53","author":"Nunes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arq Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0034","first-page":"47","article-title":"Nutritional status and its impact on clinical outcomes for patients admitted to hospital with cirrhosis","volume":"99","author":"Bunchorntavakul","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Med Assoc Thai"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0035","first-page":"1615","article-title":"Nutritional assessment in hepatic cirrhosis; clinical, anthropometric, biochemical and hematological parameters","volume":"28","author":"Vieira","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutr Hosp"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0036","first-page":"197","article-title":"Correlation between anthropometrics measurements, prealbumin level and transferrin serum with Child-Pugh classification in evaluating nutritional status of liver cirrhosis patient","volume":"36","author":"Yovita","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Med Indones"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1590\/s0004-2803.201700000-28","article-title":"Outcome and nutritional assessment of chronic liver disease patients using anthropometry and subjective global assessment","volume":"54","author":"Nunes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arq Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-28032012000100005","article-title":"Nutritional assessment in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"49","author":"Fernandes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arq gastroenterol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-86502013001000008","article-title":"Evaluation of nutritional indicators and body composition in patients with advanced liver disease enrolled for liver transplantation","volume":"28","author":"Vulcano","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Cir Bras"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-9007(01)00626-8","article-title":"Nutritional assessment in various stages of liver cirrhosis","volume":"17","author":"Roongpisuthipong","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0041","first-page":"12","article-title":"Nutritional evaluation of cirrhotic patients comparison between several methods","volume":"22","author":"Nunes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2016.10.003","article-title":"Nutritional status and the performance of multiple bedside tools for nutrition assessment among patients waiting for liver transplantation: a Canadian experience","volume":"17","author":"Marr","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Nutr ESPEN"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1016\/S0399-8320(06)73491-1","article-title":"Validation of body mass index for the diagnosis of malnutrition in patients with liver cirrhosis","volume":"30","author":"Campillo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gastroent\u00e9rol Clin Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0044","first-page":"317","article-title":"Italian multicentre cooperative project on nutrition in liver cirrhosis. Nutritional status in cirrhosis","volume":"21","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-9007(01)00521-4","article-title":"Nutrition and survival in patients with liver cirrhosis","volume":"17","author":"Alberino","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-9007(02)01071-7","article-title":"Evaluation of nutritional practice in hospitalized cirrhotic patients: results of a prospective study","volume":"19","author":"Campillo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.3904\/kjim.1999.14.2.64","article-title":"Assessment of body composition using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry in patients with liver cirrhosis: comparison with anthropometry","volume":"14","author":"Jeong","year":"1999","journal-title":"Korean J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0048","first-page":"211","article-title":"Body composition analysis in liver cirrhosis. The measurement of body fat by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in comparison to skinfold anthropometry, bioelectrical impedance and total body potassium","volume":"60","author":"Bramley","year":"1993","journal-title":"Basic Life Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/S0261-5614(99)80014-4","article-title":"A comparison of skinfold anthropometry and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for the evaluation of body fat in cirrhotic patients","volume":"18","author":"Fiore","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clinical Nutrition"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2000.89.1.345","article-title":"Measurement of fat mass using DEXA: a validation study in elderly adults","volume":"89","author":"Salamone","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1908","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2019.08.006","article-title":"Prognostic value of third lumbar skeletal muscle mass index in patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites","volume":"39","author":"Yao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Nutri"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0052","unstructured":"UNHCR. Guidelines for selective feeding, the management of malnutrition in emergencies. https:\/\/www.unhcr.org\/au\/sites\/en-au\/files\/legacy-pdf\/4b7421fd20.pdf. Accessed April 4, 2024."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0053","first-page":"2089","article-title":"Should ascites volume and anthropometric measurements be estimated in hospitalized alcoholic cirrhotics?","volume":"27","author":"Silva","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nutr Hosp"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2017.09.014","article-title":"Combined nutritional assessment methods to predict clinical outcomes in patients on the waiting list for liver transplantation","volume":"47","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2258","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.02080310","article-title":"Mid-arm muscle circumference and quality of life and survival in maintenance hemodialysis patients","volume":"5","author":"Noori","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2000.20524","article-title":"Bioelectrical impedance analysis is a useful bedside technique to assess malnutrition in cirrhotic patients with and without ascites","volume":"32","author":"Pirlich","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000000274","article-title":"Sarcopenia in liver cirrhosis","volume":"27","author":"Giusto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Gastrenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1053\/jlts.2000.9736","article-title":"Using standard nutritional parameters in detecting body cell mass in patients with end-stage liver disease","volume":"6","author":"Figuerido","year":"2000","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2015.02.009","article-title":"Serum albumin and health in older people: review and meta-analysis","volume":"81","author":"Cabrerizo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0060","first-page":"76","article-title":"Evaluation of nutritional status in patients with liver cirrhosis","volume":"88","author":"Houissa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Tunis med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0061","first-page":"130","article-title":"Optimal nutritional indexes in chronic liver disease","volume":"11","author":"Merli","year":"1987","journal-title":"JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0159142","article-title":"Serum leptin is a biomarker of malnutrition in decompensated cirrhosis","volume":"11","author":"Rachakonda","year":"2016","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"27","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0063","first-page":"9","article-title":"Anthropometric, biochemical and clinical assessment of malnutrition in Malaysian patients with advanced cirrhosis","volume":"9","author":"Tai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nutr J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2012.195","article-title":"Serum trace elements and risk of malnutrition in institutionalised elderly","volume":"67","author":"Bonaccorsi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutri"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/S0946-672X(97)80045-4","article-title":"Trace elements and chronic liver diseases","volume":"11","author":"Loguercio","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Trace Elem in Med Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1385\/BTER:81:3:245","article-title":"Relationship of blood trace elements to liver damage, nutritional status, and oxidative stress in chronic non-alcoholic liver disease","volume":"81","author":"Loguercio","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-28032016000200006","article-title":"Trace elements in plasma and nutritional assessment in patients with compensated cirrhosis on a liver transplant list","volume":"53","author":"Guerra","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ar Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/66.2.464S","article-title":"Synergism of nutrition, infection and immunity: an overview","volume":"66","author":"Scrimshaw","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-9007(96)00399-1","article-title":"Nutritional and prognostic significance of insulin-like growth factor 1 in patients with liver cirrhosis","volume":"13","author":"Caregaro","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2002.01672.x","article-title":"Increased serum leptin concentrations correlate with soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor levels in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"57","author":"Lin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clinical Endocrinology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1053\/meta.2000.6745","article-title":"Serum Leptin Concentrations during protein-energy malnutrition: correlation with growth parameters and endocrine function","volume":"49","author":"Soliman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.3390\/livers2030014","article-title":"Protein catabolism and the dysregulation of energy intake related hormones may play a major role in the worsening of malnutrition in hospitalized cirrhotic patients","volume":"2","author":"Gangitano","year":"2022","journal-title":"Livers"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(00)80156-7","article-title":"Serum leptin levels in patients with viral chronic hepatitis or liver cirrhosis","volume":"33","author":"Testa","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-019-01170-1","article-title":"Malnutrition and sarcopenia","volume":"31","author":"Seiber","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2554","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9082554","article-title":"Phase angle as an indicator of sarcopenia, malnutrition, and cachexia in inpatients with cardiovascular diseases","volume":"9","author":"Hirose","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-001-0570-4","article-title":"Norms and correlates of bioimpedance phase angle in healthy human subjects, hospitalized patients and patients with liver cirrhosis","volume":"86","author":"Selberg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2014.12.015","article-title":"Malnutrition assessed through phase angle and its relation to prognosis in patients with compensated liver cirrhosis: a prospective cohort study","volume":"47","author":"Ruiz-Marg\u00e1in","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(94)80253-X","article-title":"A comparison of skinfold anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance for measuring percentage body fat in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"21","author":"Madden","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-016-0349-4","article-title":"Sarcopenia in daily practice: assessment and management","volume":"16","author":"Beaudart","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2021.109943","article-title":"Methodology, clinical applications, and future directions of body composition analysis using computed tomography (CT) images: a review","volume":"145","author":"Tolonen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0081","unstructured":"Heymsfield S., Ross R., Wang Z., Frager D. Emerging Technologies for Nutrition Research: Potential for Assessing Military Performance Capability. National Academies Press; Washington, DC, USA: 1997. Imaging techniques of body composition: advantages of measurement and new uses; pp. 127\u2013150."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2019.06.018","article-title":"Patient-generated subjective global assessment and computed tomography in the assessment of malnutrition and sarcopenia in patients with cirrhosis: is there any association?","volume":"39","author":"Zambrano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2020.02.013","article-title":"Identification and prognostic impact of malnutrition in a population screened for liver transplantation","volume":"36","author":"Oey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Nutr ESPEN"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.15293","article-title":"Sex is a major effect modifier between body composition and mortality in patients with cirrhosis assessed for liver transplantation","volume":"43","author":"Benmassaou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.23495","article-title":"Severe muscle depletion in patients on the liver transplant wait list: its prevalence and independent prognostic value","volume":"18","author":"Tandon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2018.10.031","article-title":"Assessment of muscle mass depletion in chronic liver disease: dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry compared with computed tomography","volume":"61","author":"Lindqvist","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.01.021","article-title":"Sarcopenia associates with increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma among male patients with cirrhosis","volume":"39","author":"Feng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2696","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2018.11.024","article-title":"Limited performance of subjective global assessment compared to computed tomography-determined sarcopenia in predicting adverse clinical outcomes in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"38","author":"Moctezuma-Velazquez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1948","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12797","article-title":"Sarcopenia as a prognostic predictor of liver cirrhosis: a multicentre study in China","volume":"12","author":"Zeng","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cachexia, Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06421.x","article-title":"Total body dual X-ray absorptiometry is a good measure of both fat mass and fat-free mass in liver cirrhosis compared to \u201cgold-standard\u201d techniques","volume":"904","author":"Strauss","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-017-1378-2","article-title":"Application of transcutaneous ultrasonography for the diagnosis of muscle mass loss in patients with liver cirrhosis","volume":"53","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2016.04.040","article-title":"A model to identify sarcopenia in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"14","author":"Tandon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2021.05.029","article-title":"Evaluation of techniques used to assess skeletal muscle quantity in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"44","author":"Woodward","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Nutr ESPEN"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-33145","article-title":"Bioelectrical impedance to estimate changes in hydration status","volume":"23","author":"O'Brien","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15204382","article-title":"Association of nutritional status and diet diversity with skeletal muscle strength and quality of life among older Arab adults: a cross sectional study","volume":"15","author":"Alotaibi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0096","first-page":"11","article-title":"Normative grip strength values in males and females, ages 50 to 59 years old","author":"Roush","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Allied Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675_bib0097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2008.03.008","article-title":"Reference values and determinants for handgrip strength in healthy subjects","volume":"27","author":"Budziareck","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"}],"container-title":["Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0899900724003241?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0899900724003241?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]],"date-time":"2025-02-26T23:48:57Z","timestamp":1740613737000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0899900724003241"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"references-count":97,"alternative-id":["S0899900724003241"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675","relation":{},"ISSN":["0899-9007"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0899-9007","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Nutritional assessment of patients with liver cirrhosis in the outpatient setting: A narrative review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Nutrition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112675","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"112675"}}