{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T18:07:52Z","timestamp":1772820472984,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,1]],"date-time":"2013-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1383264000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrition Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2013.08.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,9]],"date-time":"2013-09-09T12:00:20Z","timestamp":1378728020000},"page":"888-896","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["The polyphenol-rich baobab fruit (Adansonia digitata L.) reduces starch digestion and glycemic response in humans"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Shelly A.","family":"Coe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Clegg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar","family":"Armengol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2013.08.002_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules13030581","article-title":"Polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of fourteen wild edible fruits from Burkina Faso","volume":"13","author":"Lamien-Meda","year":"2008","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2013.08.002_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1051\/fruits:2006005","article-title":"The African baobab (Adansonia digitata L.): key features and uses","volume":"61","author":"Diop","year":"2006","journal-title":"Fruits"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2013.08.002_bb0015","first-page":"155","article-title":"Baobab (Adansonia digitata L.): a review on a multipurpose tree with a promising future in the Sudan","volume":"67","author":"Gebauer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gartenb"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2013.08.002_bb0020","first-page":"383","article-title":"Chemical composition of baobab fruit (Adansonia digitata L.)","volume":"22","author":"Nour","year":"1980","journal-title":"Trop Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2013.08.002_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1163\/2031356X-02301005","article-title":"Adansonia digitata L. A review of traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology","volume":"23","author":"De Caluwe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Afrika Foc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2013.08.002_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s11130-004-0034-1","article-title":"Chemical and nutrient analysis of baobab (Adansonia digitata) fruit and seed protein solubility","volume":"59","author":"Osman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Plant Foods Hum Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2013.08.002_bb0035","first-page":"32","article-title":"Some aspects of nutrient analysis of seed, pulp and oil of baobab (Adansonia digitata L.)","volume":"1","author":"Oyelek","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Env Sci Tox Food Tech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2013.08.002_bb0040","series-title":"Plants for Arid Lands","first-page":"69","article-title":"Koisan food plants: taxa with potential for economic exploitation","author":"Arnold","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2013.08.002_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1186\/2193-1801-2-88","article-title":"Dietary fiber, organic acids and minerals in selected wild edible fruits of Mozambique","volume":"2","author":"Magaia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Springer-Plus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2013.08.002_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2006.05.067","article-title":"The use of photochemiluminescence for the measurement of the integral antioxidant capacity of baobab products","volume":"102","author":"Besco","year":"2007","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2013.08.002_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-9-3","article-title":"The total antioxidant content of more than 3100 foods, beverages, spices, herbs and supplements used worldwide","volume":"9","author":"Blomhoff","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nutr J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2013.08.002_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2008.11.003","article-title":"Novel botanical ingredients for beverages","volume":"27","author":"Gruenwald","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2013.08.002_bb0065","first-page":"5","article-title":"Antioxidant capacity of Adansonia digitata fruit pulp and leaves","author":"Vertuani","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Phytoth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2013.08.002_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2011.03.022","article-title":"Antimicrobial properties and phenolic contents of medicinal plants used by the Venda people for conditions related to venereal diseases","volume":"135","author":"Mulaudzi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2013.08.002_bb0075","series-title":"The State of Medicinal Plant Research in Nigeria Ife","first-page":"181","article-title":"A pharmacognostic study of the fruits of Adansonia digitata L","author":"Ghani","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2013.08.002_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2080","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2621.1982.tb12956.x","article-title":"Interactions of tannic acid and catechin with legume starches","volume":"47","author":"Deshpande","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Food Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2013.08.002_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/38.6.835","article-title":"The effect of phytic acid on in vitro rate of starch digestibility and blood glucose response","volume":"38","author":"Yoon","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2013.08.002_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.4162\/nrp.2011.5.2.107","article-title":"Quercetin attenuates fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia in animal models of diabetes mellitus","volume":"5","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nutr Res Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2013.08.002_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.028894","article-title":"Dietary flavonoid intakes and risk of type 2 diabetes in US men and women","volume":"95","author":"Wedick","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2013.08.002_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4582","DOI":"10.1021\/jf200355q","article-title":"Effect of green tea catechins on the postprandial glycemic response to starches differing in amylose content","volume":"59","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2013.08.002_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2011.08.066","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo anti-diabetic effects of anthocyanins from Maqui Berry (Aristotelia chilensis)","volume":"131","author":"Rojo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2013.08.002_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2012.05.001","article-title":"Fortification of blackcurrant juice with crowberry: impact on polyphenol composition, urinary phenolic metabolites, and postprandial glycemic response in healthy subjects","volume":"4","author":"Torronen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Func Food"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2013.08.002_bb0115","first-page":"32","article-title":"Hypoglycemic activity of methanolic stem bark of Adansonia digitata extract on blood glucose levels of streptozocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats","volume":"1","author":"Tanko","year":"2008","journal-title":"Inter J App Res Nat Prod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2013.08.002_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/34.2.211","article-title":"The role of dietary fiber in satiety, glucose, and insulin: studies with fruit and fruit juice","volume":"34","author":"Bolton","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2013.08.002_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/136.6.1533","article-title":"Carob pulp preparation rich in insoluble dietary fiber and polyphenols enhances lipid oxidation and lowers postprandial acylated ghrelin in humans","volume":"136","author":"Gruendel","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2013.08.002_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/59.6.1386","article-title":"Decreased postprandial thermogenesis and fat oxidation but increased fullness after a high fiber meal compared with a low fiber meal","volume":"59","author":"Raben","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2013.08.002_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1006\/jcrs.2002.0454","article-title":"High (1-3,1-4)-\u03b2-glucan barley fractions in bread making and their effects on human glycaemic response","volume":"36","author":"Cavallero","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Cer Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2013.08.002_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2009.07.003","article-title":"High-molecular-weight barley \u03b2-glucan in chapatis (unleavened Indian flatbread) lowers glycemic index","volume":"29","author":"Thondre","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nutr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2013.08.002_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1248\/jhs.51.248","article-title":"Effects of the long term ingestion of tea catechins on energy expenditure and dietary fat oxidation in healthy subjects","volume":"51","author":"Harada","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Health Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2013.08.002_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.1996.0292","article-title":"The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of \u201cantioxidant power\u201d: the FRAP assay","volume":"239","author":"Benzie","year":"1996","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2013.08.002_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2009.10.059","article-title":"Antioxidant and polyphenol oxidase activity of germinated barley and its milling fractions","volume":"120","author":"Sharma","year":"2010","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2013.08.002_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s11130-008-0081-0","article-title":"Micellarisation of carotenoids from raw and cooked vegetables","volume":"63","author":"Ryan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Plant Foods Hum Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2013.08.002_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1002\/star.200800209","article-title":"Effect of processing on slowly digestible starch and resistant starch in potato","volume":"60","author":"Mishra","year":"2008","journal-title":"Starch"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2013.08.002_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/0308-8146(87)90084-7","article-title":"Colorimetric method for routine measurement of dietary fibre as non-starch polysaccharides. A comparison with gas-liquid chromatography","volume":"24","author":"Englyst","year":"1987","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2013.08.002_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19960137","article-title":"Measurement of rapidly available glucose (RAG) in plant foods: a potential in vitro predictor of the glycaemic response","volume":"75","author":"Englyst","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2013.08.002_bb0180","first-page":"1","article-title":"Carbohydrates in human nutrition. Report of a Joint FAO\/WHO Expert Consultation","volume":"66","author":"FAO\/WHO","year":"1998","journal-title":"FAO Food Nutr Pap"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2013.08.002_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.2007.04706.x","article-title":"Effects of agar and pectin on gastric emptying and post-prandial glycaemic profiles in healthy human volunteers","volume":"34","author":"Sanaka","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2013.08.002_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/63.2.164","article-title":"Measuring the thermic effect of food","volume":"63","author":"Reed","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2013.08.002_bb0195","series-title":"The elements of the science of nutrition","author":"Lusk","year":"1928"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2013.08.002_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1079\/NRR2005100","article-title":"Glycemic index methodology","volume":"18","author":"Brouns","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nutr Res Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2013.08.002_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.1.01952","article-title":"Comparison of the accuracy of the HemoCue glucose analyser with the Yellow Springs Instrument glucose oxidase analyser, particularly in hypoglycemia","volume":"153","author":"Stork","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2013.08.002_bb0210","series-title":"Glycaemic index and disease","author":"Wolever","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2013.08.002_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2004.02.003","article-title":"Antioxidant activity and phenolic content of selected fruit seeds","volume":"88","author":"Soon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2013.08.002_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9559","DOI":"10.1021\/jf071413n","article-title":"Antioxidant activity, polyphenol content, and related compounds in different fruit juices and homogenates prepared from 29 different pomegranate accessions","volume":"55","author":"Tzulker","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2013.08.002_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2621.2010.02254.x","article-title":"Stability of the antioxidant capacity of twenty five commercially available fruit juices subjected to an in vitro digestion","volume":"45","author":"Ryan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Inter J Food Sci Tech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2013.08.002_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2010.10.033","article-title":"Stability of the total antioxidant capacity and total polyphenol content of 23 commercially available vegetable juices before and after in vitro digestion measured by FRAP, DPPH, ABTS and Folin-Ciocalteu methods","volume":"44","author":"Wootton-Beard","year":"2011","journal-title":"Food Res Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2013.08.002_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2008.11.001","article-title":"Effect of tea polyphenols on the retrogradation of rice starch","volume":"42","author":"Wu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Food Res Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2013.08.002_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(03)00394-0","article-title":"Metabolism of dietary procyanidins in rats","volume":"35","author":"Gonthier","year":"2003","journal-title":"Free Rad Bio Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2013.08.002_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.5520230403","article-title":"The inhibitory effects of berry polyphenols on digestive enzymes","volume":"23","author":"McDougall","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biofactors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2013.08.002_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.3177\/jnsv.52.149","article-title":"Inhibition of \u03b1-glucosidase and \u03b1-amylase by flavonoids","volume":"52","author":"Tadera","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Nutr Sci Vitaminol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2013.08.002_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.200500025","article-title":"Dietary fibre, glycaemic response, and diabetes","volume":"49","author":"Brennan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol Nutr Food Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2013.08.002_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4165(02)00209-X","article-title":"The effect of guar galactomannan and water availability during hydrothermal processing on the hydrolysis of starch catalysed by pancreatic \u03b1-amylase","volume":"1571","author":"Slaughter","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biochimica Et Biophysica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2013.08.002_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1039\/C2FO30202K","article-title":"Attenuation of glycemic responses by oat \u03b2-glucan solutions and viscoelastic gels is dependent on molecular weight distribution","volume":"4","author":"Kwong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food & Func"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2013.08.002_bb0270","first-page":"1","article-title":"Some factors affecting the digestion of glycemic carbohydrates and the blood glucose response","volume":"33","author":"Vosloo","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Fam Ecol Cons Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2013.08.002_bb0275","first-page":"70","article-title":"Influence of polyphenols on in vitro starch digestibility of oat porridges","author":"Thondre","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Nutr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2013.08.002_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.54.1.1","article-title":"Postprandial hyperglycemia and diabetes complications: is it time to treat?","volume":"54","author":"Ceriello","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2013.08.002_bb0285","first-page":"43","article-title":"Glucostatic mechanisms of regulation of food intake","volume":"14","author":"Mayer","year":"1953","journal-title":"New England Med Cent Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2013.08.002_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114500001719","article-title":"The use of visual analogue scales to assess motivation to eat in human subjects: a review of their reliability and validity with an evaluation of new hand-held computerized systems for temporal tracking of appetite ratings","volume":"84","author":"Stubbs","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2013.08.002_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.3109\/09637486.2010.520011","article-title":"Liquid and solid carbohydrate foods: comparative effects on glycemic and insulin responses, and satiety","volume":"62","author":"Ranawana","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2013.08.002_bb0300","first-page":"1","article-title":"Diet induced thermogenesis","author":"Westerterp","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nutr Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2013.08.002_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/70.6.1040","article-title":"Efficacy of a green tea extract rich in catechin polyphenols and caffeine in increasing 24-h energy expenditure and fat oxidation in humans","volume":"70","author":"Dulloo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"}],"container-title":["Nutrition Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0271531713001887?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0271531713001887?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]],"date-time":"2024-05-17T18:14:21Z","timestamp":1715969661000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0271531713001887"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0271531713001887"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nutres.2013.08.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0271-5317"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0271-5317","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]}}}