{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T22:03:40Z","timestamp":1792447420772,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","nwhjournal.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nursing for Women's Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.nwh.2025.09.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T21:14:02Z","timestamp":1769548442000},"page":"131-138","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Factor V Leiden and Venous Thromboembolism During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Kelsey Carson","family":"Leibenhaut","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mindy B.","family":"Tinkle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.nwh.2025.09.005_bib1","series-title":"StatPearls [Internet]","article-title":"Factor V Leiden mutation","author":"Albagoush","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nwh.2025.09.005_bib2","unstructured":"American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists District II. (n.d.). Safe Motherhood Initiative. Retrieved August 12, 2025, from https:\/\/www.acog.org\/community\/districts-and-sections\/district-ii\/programs-and-resources\/safe-motherhood-initiative."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nwh.2025.09.005_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e18","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002703","article-title":"ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 197: Inherited thrombophilias in pregnancy","volume":"132","year":"2018","journal-title":"Obstetrics & Gynecology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nwh.2025.09.005_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002706","article-title":"ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 196: Thromboembolism in pregnancy","volume":"132","year":"2018","journal-title":"Obstetrics & Gynecology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nwh.2025.09.005_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3181b7fca6","article-title":"A validation study of a retrospective venous thromboembolism risk scoring method","volume":"251","author":"Bahl","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annals of Surgery"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.nwh.2025.09.005_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2450","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2010.04044.x","article-title":"A risk assessment model for the identification of hospitalized medical patients at risk for venous thromboembolism","volume":"8","author":"Barbar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.nwh.2025.09.005_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3317","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2018024802","article-title":"American Society of Hematology 2018 guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism: Venous thromboembolism in the context of pregnancy","volume":"2","author":"Bates","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood Advances"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nwh.2025.09.005_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000000554","article-title":"Sequential compression device compliance in postoperative obstetrics and gynecology patients","volume":"125","author":"Brady","year":"2015","journal-title":"Obstetrics & Gynecology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nwh.2025.09.005_bib9","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.). Data from the Pregnancy Mortality Surveillance System. Retrieved August 16, 2025, from https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/maternal-mortality\/php\/pregnancy-mortality-surveillance-data\/index.html?cove-tab=2"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nwh.2025.09.005_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.8684","article-title":"A more selective vs a standard risk-stratified, heparin-based, obstetric thromboprophylaxis protocol","volume":"332","author":"Champion","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nwh.2025.09.005_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.59249\/JTIV4138","article-title":"Natural physiological changes during pregnancy","volume":"97","author":"Chandra","year":"2024","journal-title":"The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.nwh.2025.09.005_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1097\/OGX.0000000000000714","article-title":"Prevention of postpartum venous thromboembolism","volume":"74","author":"Clinton","year":"2019","journal-title":"Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nwh.2025.09.005_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000001579","article-title":"National Partnership for Maternal Safety: Consensus bundle on venous thromboembolism","volume":"128","author":"D\u2019Alton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Obstetrics & Gynecology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nwh.2025.09.005_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.12.035","article-title":"Estimating the value of future research into thromboprophylaxis for women during pregnancy and after delivery: A value of information analysis","volume":"22","author":"Davis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nwh.2025.09.005_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-025-07989-6","article-title":"Inherited thrombophilias and stillbirth: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"312","author":"Delis","year":"2025","journal-title":"Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nwh.2025.09.005_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1002\/rth2.12290","article-title":"VTE risk assessment in pregnancy","volume":"4","author":"Ewins","year":"2020","journal-title":"Research and Practice in Thrombosis and Haemostasis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nwh.2025.09.005_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1097\/GCO.0000000000000733","article-title":"Obstetric venous thromboembolism: Prophylaxis, risk factors, and outcomes","volume":"33","author":"Friedman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nwh.2025.09.005_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2022.02.002","article-title":"Management of venous thromboembolism in pregnancy","volume":"211","author":"Kalaitzopoulos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Thrombosis Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nwh.2025.09.005_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1182\/hematology.2023000476","article-title":"Prevention, diagnosis, and management of pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis in pregnant women","volume":"2023","author":"Kevane","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hematology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.nwh.2025.09.005_bib20","first-page":"1530","article-title":"Postpartum venous thromboembolism prophylaxis may cause more harm than benefit: A critical analysis of international guidelines through an evidence-based lens","volume":"125","author":"Kotaska","year":"2018","journal-title":"BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nwh.2025.09.005_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000002530","article-title":"The Society for Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology consensus statement on the anesthetic management of pregnant and postpartum women receiving thromboprophylaxis or higher dose anticoagulants","volume":"126","author":"Leffert","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anesthesia & Analgesia"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.nwh.2025.09.005_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2013","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2025.2420","article-title":"Factor V Leiden","volume":"333","author":"Martin","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.nwh.2025.09.005_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1097\/OGX.0000000000001043","article-title":"Venous thromboembolism during pregnancy and the postpartum period: Risk factors, diagnostic testing, and treatment","volume":"77","author":"Maughan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nwh.2025.09.005_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1717-7663","article-title":"Thrombophilia, thrombosis and thromboprophylaxis in pregnancy: For what and in whom?","volume":"42","author":"Middeldorp","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hamostaseologie"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.nwh.2025.09.005_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7101","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2023010177","article-title":"American Society of Hematology 2023 guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism: Thrombophilia testing","volume":"7","author":"Middeldorp","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood Advances"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.nwh.2025.09.005_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0044-1786807","article-title":"Thrombophilia screening: Not so straightforward","volume":"50","author":"Moore","year":"2024","journal-title":"Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nwh.2025.09.005_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2238-4681","article-title":"VTE risk assessment and prevention in pregnancy","volume":"44","author":"O\u2019Rourke","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hamostaseologie"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.nwh.2025.09.005_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1875","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.14568","article-title":"Prevalence of postpartum venous thromboembolism risk in an Irish urban obstetric population","volume":"17","author":"O\u2019Shaughnessy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nwh.2025.09.005_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"B11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2020.04.032","article-title":"Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine Consult Series #51: Thromboembolism prophylaxis for cesarean delivery","volume":"223","author":"Pacheco","year":"2020","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.nwh.2025.09.005_bib30","article-title":"Factor V Leiden G1691A and prothrombin gene G20210A mutations on pregnancy outcome","volume":"13","author":"Padda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nwh.2025.09.005_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2022.100720","article-title":"Venous thromboembolism and adverse outcomes in highest thromboembolism risk patients compared with those at lower risk","volume":"4","author":"Page","year":"2022","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.nwh.2025.09.005_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-065892","article-title":"Risk assessment models for venous thromboembolism in pregnancy and in the puerperium: A systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Pandor","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nwh.2025.09.005_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24043169","article-title":"A comprehensive review of risk factors for venous thromboembolism: From epidemiology to pathophysiology","volume":"24","author":"Pastori","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"issue":"10395","key":"10.1016\/j.nwh.2025.09.005_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00693-1","article-title":"Heparin for women with recurrent miscarriage and inherited thrombophilia (ALIFE2): An international open-label, randomised controlled trial","volume":"402","author":"Quenby","year":"2023","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nwh.2025.09.005_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.15128","article-title":"More on enoxaparin thromboprophylaxis in pregnancy: A review of 10 years\u2019 experience from King\u2019s College Hospital","volume":"19","author":"Rajaratnam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nwh.2025.09.005_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2022-0069","article-title":"Strategies for the prevention of maternal death from venous thromboembolism: Clinical recommendations based on current literature","volume":"51","author":"Rath","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Perinatal Medicine"},{"issue":"10060","key":"10.1016\/j.nwh.2025.09.005_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2629","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31139-4","article-title":"Low-molecular-weight heparin and recurrent placenta-mediated pregnancy complications: A meta-analysis of individual patient data from randomised controlled trials","volume":"388","author":"Rodger","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nwh.2025.09.005_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.03.015","article-title":"Multidisciplinary care of the pregnant patient with or at risk for venous thromboembolism: A recommended toolkit from the Foundation for Women and Girls with Blood Disorders Thrombosis Subcommittee","volume":"21","author":"Samuelson Bannow","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nwh.2025.09.005_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/10760296231160748","article-title":"A longitudinal study of thrombosis and bleeding outcomes with thromboprophylaxis in pregnant women at intermediate and high risk of VTE","volume":"29","author":"Schapkaitz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clinical and Applied Thrombosis\/Hemostasis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nwh.2025.09.005_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2016.04.026","article-title":"Factor V Leiden, prothrombin G20210A, and methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase mutations and stillbirth: The Stillbirth Collaborative Research Network","volume":"215","author":"Silver","year":"2016","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nwh.2025.09.005_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181c88918","article-title":"Prothrombin gene G20210A mutation and obstetric complications","volume":"115","author":"Silver","year":"2010","journal-title":"Obstetrics & Gynecology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nwh.2025.09.005_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2021.07.055","article-title":"Antithrombotic therapy for VTE disease: Second update of the CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report","volume":"160","author":"Stevens","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nwh.2025.09.005_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.2147\/VHRM.S404537","article-title":"Venous thromboembolism in pregnancy: Challenges and solutions","volume":"19","author":"Varrias","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vascular Health and Risk Management"}],"container-title":["Nursing for Women's Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1751485125002168?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1751485125002168?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T03:45:36Z","timestamp":1787629536000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1751485125002168"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S1751485125002168"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nwh.2025.09.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["1751-4851"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1751-4851","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Factor V Leiden and Venous Thromboembolism During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Nursing for Women's Health","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nwh.2025.09.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 AWHONN. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}