{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T16:40:58Z","timestamp":1790527258103,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764720000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Obesity Pillars"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.obpill.2025.100239","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T17:21:12Z","timestamp":1764782472000},"page":"100239","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Adolescent obesity: Biochemical and dietary disparities in U.S. youth"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"John T.","family":"Stutts","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong S.","family":"Choe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley Lynn","family":"Bronston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.obpill.2025.100239_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665123002689","article-title":"Adolescent nutrition and health: characteristics, risk factors and opportunities of an overlooked life stage","volume":"82","author":"Moore Heslin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc Nutr Soc"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.obpill.2025.100239_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.412","article-title":"Bone mineral accrual from 8 to 30 years of age: an estimation of peak bone mass","volume":"26","author":"Baxter-Jones","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res Off J Am Soc Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"10320","key":"10.1016\/j.obpill.2025.100239_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01590-7","article-title":"Nutrition in adolescent growth and development","volume":"399","author":"Norris","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Lond Engl"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.obpill.2025.100239_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1159\/000441483","article-title":"Childhood obesity is a chronic disease demanding specific health care: a position statement from the childhood obesity task force (COTF) of the european association for the study of obesity (EASO)","volume":"8","author":"Farpour-Lambert","year":"2015","journal-title":"Obes Facts"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.obpill.2025.100239_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1038\/aps.2011.204","article-title":"Childhood obesity: a life-long health risk","volume":"33","author":"Barton","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Sin"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.obpill.2025.100239_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.3390\/children10040695","article-title":"Micronutrient deficiency in children and adolescents with obesity: a narrative review","volume":"10","author":"Calcaterra","year":"2023","journal-title":"Children"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.obpill.2025.100239_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.3390\/children12020238","article-title":"Key nutrient intakes at risk among US children in the national health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES) 2015\u20132016 stratified by age and gender","volume":"12","author":"Lasekan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Children"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.obpill.2025.100239_bib11","series-title":"The Harriet Lane handbook: the johns hopkins hospital","author":"Kleinman","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.obpill.2025.100239_bib13","series-title":"StatPearls","article-title":"Epidemiologic and etiologic considerations of obesity","author":"Singh","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.obpill.2025.100239_bib14","article-title":"The diet quality of well adolescents: do they really eat poorly?","volume":"6","author":"Zimmerman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Glob Pediatr"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.obpill.2025.100239_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9070655","article-title":"Risk of deficiency in multiple concurrent micronutrients in children and adults in the United States","volume":"9","author":"Bird","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.obpill.2025.100239_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cdnut.2023.101968","article-title":"What do United States adolescents eat? Food group consumption patterns and dietary diversity from a decade of nationally representative data","volume":"7","author":"Jenkins","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Dev Nutr"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.obpill.2025.100239_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1847","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.111.142257","article-title":"Foods, fortificants, and supplements: where do Americans get their nutrients?","volume":"141","author":"Fulgoni","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.obpill.2025.100239_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2013.846806","article-title":"Multivitamin\/mineral supplement contribution to micronutrient intakes in the United States, 2007-2010","volume":"33","author":"Wallace","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Coll Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.obpill.2025.100239_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jped.2020.08.006","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency in children and adolescents with obesity: a meta-analysis","volume":"97","author":"Fiamenghi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.obpill.2025.100239_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23020956","article-title":"The action of vitamin D in adipose tissue: is there the link between vitamin D deficiency and adipose tissue-related metabolic disorders?","volume":"23","author":"Szymczak-Pajor","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"Suppl 10","key":"10.1016\/j.obpill.2025.100239_bib21","first-page":"S94","article-title":"Pediatric obesity: influence on drug dosing and therapeutics","volume":"58","author":"Ameer","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.obpill.2025.100239_bib22","article-title":"Vitamin C and metabolic syndrome: a meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"8","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.obpill.2025.100239_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.112.160416","article-title":"Serum antioxidant concentrations and metabolic syndrome are associated among U.S. adolescents in recent national surveys","volume":"142","author":"Beydoun","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.obpill.2025.100239_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2025.07.003","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome is associated with increased vitamin C requirements in the US national health and nutrition examination survey","volume":"141","author":"Carr","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nutr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.obpill.2025.100239_bib25","article-title":"The relationship between vitamin C status, the gut-liver axis, and metabolic syndrome","volume":"21","author":"Traber","year":"2018","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.obpill.2025.100239_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.3177\/jnsv.60.367","article-title":"Vitamin C in the treatment and\/or prevention of obesity","volume":"60","author":"Garcia-Diaz","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Nutr Sci Vitaminol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.obpill.2025.100239_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2067","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-19588-2","article-title":"Association between serum vitamin C and body mass index in adolescents aged 12\u201319 years","volume":"24","author":"Su","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Publ Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.obpill.2025.100239_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111740","article-title":"Vitamin C protects against hypoxia, inflammation, and ER stress in primary human preadipocytes and adipocytes","volume":"556","author":"Luo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.obpill.2025.100239_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cdnut.2024.102152","article-title":"A systematized review of the relationship between obesity and vitamin C requirements","volume":"8","author":"Bird","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Dev Nutr"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.obpill.2025.100239_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114515000240","article-title":"The lower vitamin C plasma concentrations in elderly men compared with elderly women can partly be attributed to a volumetric dilution effect due to differences in fat-free mass","volume":"113","author":"Jungert","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.obpill.2025.100239_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2171","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/137.10.2171","article-title":"New developments and novel therapeutic perspectives for vitamin C","volume":"137","author":"Li","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.obpill.2025.100239_bib32","first-page":"1075","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species in the vasculature: molecular and cellular mechanisms","volume":"42","author":"Taniyama","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hypertens Dallas Tex 1979"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.obpill.2025.100239_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-81751-x","article-title":"The relationship between serum vitamin C levels and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in children","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.obpill.2025.100239_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Talikoti P, Bobby Z, Hamide A. Supplementation of water-soluble vitamins reduces hyperhomocysteinemia, insulin resistance, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in prehypertension subjects. Cureus. 15(1):e33481. doi:10.7759\/cureus.33481.","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.33481"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.obpill.2025.100239_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2008.09.030","article-title":"Vitamin C treatment reduces elevated C-reactive protein","volume":"46","author":"Block","year":"2009","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.obpill.2025.100239_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2003.08.024","article-title":"Reduction of C-reactive protein levels through use of a multivitamin","volume":"115","author":"Church","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.obpill.2025.100239_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-2573","article-title":"Pediatric obesity-assessment, treatment, and prevention: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline","volume":"102","author":"Styne","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.obpill.2025.100239_bib38","article-title":"Dietary intake by patients taking GLP-1 and dual GIP\/GLP-1 receptor agonists: a narrative review and discussion of research needs","volume":"11","author":"Christensen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Obes Pillars"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.obpill.2025.100239_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0894-0959.2004.17603.x","article-title":"Serum albumin: relationship to inflammation and nutrition","volume":"17","author":"Don","year":"2004","journal-title":"Semin Dial"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.obpill.2025.100239_bib40","unstructured":"Albumin blood (serum) test information. Mount Sinai Health System. Accessed July 7, 2025. https:\/\/www.mountsinai.org\/health-library\/tests\/albumin-blood-serum-test."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.obpill.2025.100239_bib42","article-title":"Uncovering the inflammatory profile of obese children: examining the link between body mass index for age and insulin resistance in the Gaza strip","volume":"13","author":"Abu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.obpill.2025.100239_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S59","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0802809","article-title":"Inflammatory mediators in overweight and obese Spanish adolescents. The AVENA study","volume":"28","author":"W\u00e4rnberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord J Int Assoc Study Obes"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.obpill.2025.100239_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0801792","article-title":"The relation of body fat mass and distribution to markers of chronic inflammation","volume":"25","author":"Festa","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord J Int Assoc Stud Obes"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.obpill.2025.100239_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2004.11.007","article-title":"Relationship of obesity and visceral adiposity with serum concentrations of CRP, TNF-alpha and IL-6","volume":"69","author":"Park","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.obpill.2025.100239_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665112000092","article-title":"Obesity, inflammation and the immune system","volume":"71","author":"de Heredia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Nutr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.obpill.2025.100239_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00754","article-title":"Role of C-reactive protein at sites of inflammation and infection","volume":"9","author":"Sproston","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"}],"container-title":["Obesity Pillars"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S266736812500083X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S266736812500083X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T16:46:17Z","timestamp":1771692377000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S266736812500083X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["S266736812500083X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.obpill.2025.100239","relation":{},"ISSN":["2667-3681"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2667-3681","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Adolescent obesity: Biochemical and dietary disparities in U.S. youth","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Obesity Pillars","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.obpill.2025.100239","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Obesity Medicine Association.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100239"}}