{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T09:46:11Z","timestamp":1769939171582,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]],"date-time":"2023-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["oarsiopenjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2023.100336","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]],"date-time":"2023-01-19T18:27:30Z","timestamp":1674152850000},"page":"100336","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["International multispecialty consensus on how to image, define, and grade ultrasound imaging features of first metatarsophalangeal joint osteoarthritis, a Delphi consensus study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Prue","family":"Molyneux","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7252-9515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine","family":"Bowen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6848-6842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard","family":"Ellis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keith","family":"Rome","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5095-0539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew","family":"Carroll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2023.100336_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.11152\/mu.2013.2066.151.ai1ofr2","article-title":"Osteoarthritis of the foot: a review of the current state of knowledge","volume":"15","author":"Iagnocco","year":"2013","journal-title":"Medical ultrasonography"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2023.100336_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2014.44","article-title":"The individual and socioeconomic impact of osteoarthritis","volume":"10","author":"Hunter","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2023.100336_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203804","article-title":"The population prevalence of symptomatic radiographic foot osteoarthritis in community-dwelling older adults: cross-sectional findings from the clinical assessment study of the foot","volume":"74","author":"Roddy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2023.100336_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.48.4.271","article-title":"Epidemiology of osteoarthritis: zoetermeer survey. Comparison of radiological osteoarthritis in a Dutch population with that in 10 other populations","volume":"48","author":"Van Saase","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2023.100336_bib5","first-page":"217","article-title":"Ultrasound imaging for the rheumatologist XXXII. Sonographic assessment of the foot in patients with psoriatic arthritis","volume":"29","author":"Delle Sedie","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2023.100336_bib6","first-page":"172","article-title":"Ultrasound imaging for the rheumatologist-VIII. Ultrasound imaging in osteoarthritis","volume":"25","author":"Meenagh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2023.100336_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1002\/art.34453","article-title":"Osteoarthritis: a disease of the joint as an organ","volume":"64","author":"Loeser","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2023.100336_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2016.136","article-title":"Low-grade inflammation as a key mediator of the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis","volume":"12","author":"Robinson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2023.100336_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2010.159","article-title":"The role of synovitis in pathophysiology and clinical symptoms of osteoarthritis","volume":"6","author":"Sellam","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2023.100336_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2015.06.004","article-title":"Ultrasound detected inflammation is associated with the development of new bone erosions in hand osteoarthritis: a longitudinal study over 3.9 years","volume":"23","author":"Mancarella","year":"2015","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2023.100336_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1720","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-205003","article-title":"Inflammatory ultrasound features show independent associations with progression of structural damage after over 2 years of follow-up in patients with hand osteoarthritis","volume":"74","author":"Kortekaas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2023.100336_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2015-207241","article-title":"Ultrasound-detected inflammation predicts radiographic progression in hand osteoarthritis after 5 years","volume":"75","author":"Mathiessen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2023.100336_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2007.05.007","article-title":"Radiographic classification of osteoarthritis in commonly affected joints of the foot","volume":"15","author":"Menz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2023.100336_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.16.4.494","article-title":"Radiological assessment of osteo-arthrosis","volume":"16","author":"Kellgren","year":"1957","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2023.100336_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-210815","article-title":"EULAR recommendations for the use of imaging in the clinical management of peripheral joint osteoarthritis","volume":"76","author":"Sakellariou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2023.100336_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1974","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2017-211585","article-title":"The 2017 EULAR standardised procedures for ultrasound imaging in rheumatology","volume":"76","author":"M\u00f6ller","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2023.100336_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2003.007062","article-title":"Should oligoarthritis be reclassified? Ultrasound reveals a high prevalence of subclinical disease","volume":"63","author":"Wakefield","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2023.100336_bib18","article-title":"Comparison of diagnostic performance of semi-quantitative knee ultrasound and knee radiography with MRI: oulu knee osteoarthritis study","volume":"6","author":"Podlipsk\u00e1","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2023.100336_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2011.11.008","article-title":"Osteoarthritis","volume":"25","author":"Hunter","year":"2011","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2023.100336_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.12968\/ijtr.2009.16.2.38892","article-title":"The Delphi technique: a review","volume":"16","author":"Vernon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Ther. Rehabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2023.100336_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1080\/13611260500069947","article-title":"The Delphi technique in health sciences education research","volume":"27","author":"De Villiers","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med. Teach."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2023.100336_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1177\/0269216317690685","article-title":"Guidance on Conducting and REporting DElphi Studies (CREDES) in palliative care: recommendations based on a methodological systematic review","volume":"31","author":"J\u00fcnger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Palliat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2023.100336_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(03)00211-7","article-title":"Delphi as a method to establish consensus for diagnostic criteria","volume":"56","author":"Graham","year":"2003","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2023.100336_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2648.2000.t01-1-01567.x","article-title":"Research guidelines for the Delphi survey technique","volume":"32","author":"Hasson","year":"2000","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Adv. Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2023.100336_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2021.100194","article-title":"Evaluation of osteoarthritic features in peripheral joints by ultrasound imaging: a systematic review","volume":"3","author":"Molyneux","year":"2021","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis and cartilage open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2023.100336_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2021.11.009","article-title":"Ultrasound imaging acquisition procedures for evaluating the first metatarsophalangeal joint: a scoping review","volume":"48","author":"Molyneux","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2023.100336_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000393","article-title":"Using the Delphi technique to determine which outcomes to measure in clinical trials: recommendations for the future based on a systematic review of existing studies","volume":"8","author":"Sinha","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2023.100336_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","article-title":"Using thematic analysis in psychology","volume":"3","author":"Braun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Qual. Res. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2023.100336_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2333393617742282","article-title":"Employing a qualitative description approach in health care research","volume":"4","author":"Bradshaw","year":"2017","journal-title":"Global qualitative nursing research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2023.100336_bib30","first-page":"1","article-title":"Consensus-based recommendations of Australian podiatrists for the prescription of foot orthoses for symptomatic flexible pes planus in adults","volume":"7","author":"Banwell","year":"2014","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Foot Ankle Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2023.100336_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-021-00578-2","article-title":"Consensus terminology for preclinical phases of psoriatic arthritis for use in research studies: results from a Delphi consensus study","volume":"17","author":"Perez-Chada","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2023.100336_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2018.03.066","article-title":"Evaluation of methods used for estimating content validity","volume":"15","author":"Almanasreh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Res. Soc. Adm. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2023.100336_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-6570.1975.tb01393.x","article-title":"A\u00a0quantitative approach to content validity 1","volume":"28","author":"Lawshe","year":"1975","journal-title":"Person. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2023.100336_bib34","first-page":"757","article-title":"Ultrasound imaging for the rheumatologist XXXV. Sonographic assessment of the foot in patients with osteoarthritis","volume":"29","author":"Iagnocco","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2023.100336_bib35","series-title":"Ultrasonography of Inflammatory and Structural Lesions in Hand Osteoarthritis: an OMERACT Agreement and Reliability Study","author":"Mathiessen","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2023.100336_bib36","article-title":"Scoring ultrasound synovitis in rheumatoid arthritis: a EULAR-OMERACT ultrasound taskforce\u2014Part 1: definition and development of a standardised, consensus-based scoring system","volume":"3","author":"D'Agostino","year":"2017","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2023.100336_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.077081","article-title":"The development of a preliminary ultrasonographic scoring system for features of hand osteoarthritis","volume":"67","author":"Keen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2023.100336_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.181095","article-title":"OMERACT definitions for ultrasonographic pathologies and elementary lesions of rheumatic disorders 15 years on","volume":"46","author":"Bruyn","year":"2019","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2023.100336_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2011-201195","article-title":"Ultrasonographic assessment of osteophytes in 127 patients with hand osteoarthritis: exploring reliability and associations with MRI, radiographs and clinical joint findings","volume":"72","author":"Mathiessen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2023.100336_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.147553","article-title":"Osteophytes and joint space narrowing are independently associated with pain in finger joints in hand osteoarthritis","volume":"70","author":"Kortekaas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2023.100336_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2009.08.006","article-title":"Why is osteoarthritis an age-related disease?","volume":"24","author":"Anderson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2023.100336_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2762","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200012)43:12<2762::AID-ANR16>3.0.CO;2-#","article-title":"The value of sonography in the detection of bone erosions in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a comparison with conventional radiography","volume":"43","author":"Wakefield","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2023.100336_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1245386","article-title":"Articular cartilage thickness measured with US is not as easy as it appears: a systematic review of measurement techniques and image interpretation","volume":"32","author":"Torp-Pedersen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ultraschall in der medizin-European journal of ultrasound"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2023.100336_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2009.03.009","article-title":"Effects of ultrasound beam angle and surface roughness on the quantitative ultrasound parameters of articular cartilage","volume":"35","author":"Kaleva","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2023.100336_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-020-00949-w","article-title":"Turning the page in osteoarthritis assessment with the use of ultrasound","volume":"22","author":"Nelson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Rheumatol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2023.100336_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-206289","article-title":"Global ultrasound assessment of structural lesions in osteoarthritis: a reliability study by the OMERACT ultrasonography group on scoring cartilage and osteophytes in finger joints","volume":"75","author":"Hammer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2023.100336_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(195904)2:2<144::AID-ART1780020206>3.0.CO;2-G","article-title":"Protein patterns in synovial fluid and serum in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis","volume":"2","author":"Nettelbladt","year":"1959","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2023.100336_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0b013e32830aba34","article-title":"Innate immune system activation in osteoarthritis: is osteoarthritis a chronic wound?","volume":"20","author":"Scanzello","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2023.100336_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.087775","article-title":"The synovitis of \u201cnon-inflammatory\u201d orthopaedic arthropathies: a quantitative histological and immunohistochemical analysis","volume":"67","author":"Pessler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2023.100336_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41199","article-title":"Associations between radiographic and ultrasound-detected features in hand osteoarthritis and local pressure pain thresholds","volume":"72","author":"Steen Pettersen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2023.100336_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.60.7.641","article-title":"Guidelines for musculoskeletal ultrasound in rheumatology","volume":"60","author":"Backhaus","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2023.100336_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)11185-6","article-title":"Clinical trials, consensus conferences, and clinical practice","volume":"354","author":"Sniderman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2023.100336_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.00457","article-title":"Delphi technique in health sciences: a map","volume":"8","author":"Niederberger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"}],"container-title":["Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2665913123000031?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2665913123000031?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T09:22:03Z","timestamp":1762939323000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2665913123000031"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S2665913123000031"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ocarto.2023.100336","relation":{},"ISSN":["2665-9131"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2665-9131","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"International multispecialty consensus on how to image, define, and grade ultrasound imaging features of first metatarsophalangeal joint osteoarthritis, a Delphi consensus study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Open","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ocarto.2023.100336","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI).","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100336"}}