{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T09:28:01Z","timestamp":1778664481638,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":160,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,1]],"date-time":"2014-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1404172800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["orthopedic.theclinics.com","mdconsult.com","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthopedic Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,27]],"date-time":"2014-06-27T08:30:22Z","timestamp":1403857822000},"page":"355-376","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["The Thrower\u2019s Elbow"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Ronak M.","family":"Patel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T. Sean","family":"Lynch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nirav H.","family":"Amin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gary","family":"Calabrese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen M.","family":"Gryzlo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark S.","family":"Schickendantz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jsa.0000212323.38807.fa","article-title":"Evaluation and treatment of medial ulnar collateral ligament injuries in the throwing athlete","volume":"14","author":"Nassab","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sports Med Arthrosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib2","unstructured":"National Federation of State High School Associations. National Federation of State High School Associations 2012\u20132013 High school athletics participation survey. 2013."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-199409000-00004","article-title":"Valgus extension injuries of the elbow in the throwing athlete","volume":"2","author":"Miller","year":"1994","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"265","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib4","first-page":"187","article-title":"Valgus stability of the elbow. A definition of primary and secondary constraints","author":"Morrey","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"146","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib5","first-page":"42","article-title":"Biomechanics of elbow instability: the role of the medial collateral ligament","author":"Schwab","year":"1980","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib6","first-page":"59","article-title":"Applied anatomy and biomechanics of the elbow joint","volume":"35","author":"Morrey","year":"1986","journal-title":"Instr Course Lect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib7","first-page":"17","article-title":"Elbow instability in the athlete","volume":"40","author":"Jobe","year":"1991","journal-title":"Instr Course Lect"},{"issue":"218","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib8","first-page":"186","article-title":"Experimental elbow instability after transection of the medial collateral ligament","author":"Sojbjerg","year":"1987","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"271","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib9","first-page":"170","article-title":"Biomechanical study of ligaments around the elbow joint","author":"Regan","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199708000-00015","article-title":"Biomechanical evaluation of the medial collateral ligament of the elbow","volume":"79","author":"Callaway","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659502300220","article-title":"Functional anatomy of the flexor pronator muscle group in relation to the medial collateral ligament of the elbow","volume":"23","author":"Davidson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658401200310","article-title":"An EMG analysis of the shoulder in pitching. A second report","volume":"12","author":"Jobe","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/S1058-2746(96)80065-6","article-title":"Dynamic stability of the elbow: electromyographic analysis of the flexor pronator group and the extensor group in pitchers with valgus instability","volume":"5","author":"Hamilton","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659202000313","article-title":"An electromyographic analysis of the elbow in normal and injured pitchers with medial collateral ligament insufficiency","volume":"20","author":"Glousman","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/S1058-2746(09)80011-6","article-title":"An electromyographic analysis of the upper extremity in pitching","volume":"1","author":"Digiovine","year":"1992","journal-title":"J\u00a0Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658701500314","article-title":"An electromyographic analysis of the elbow in pitching","volume":"15","author":"Sisto","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465980260012801","article-title":"Characteristic ground-reaction forces in baseball pitching","volume":"26","author":"MacWilliams","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198904000-00011","article-title":"Dynamic EMG analysis of torque transfer in professional baseball pitchers","volume":"14","author":"Watkins","year":"1989","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658501300402","article-title":"Biomechanics of baseball pitching. A preliminary report","volume":"13","author":"Pappas","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659502300218","article-title":"Kinetics of baseball pitching with implications about injury mechanisms","volume":"23","author":"Fleisig","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546508326712","article-title":"Glenohumeral internal rotation deficits in baseball players with ulnar collateral ligament insufficiency","volume":"37","author":"Dines","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2597","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546512459175","article-title":"Shoulder range of motion deficits in baseball players with an ulnar collateral ligament tear","volume":"40","author":"Garrison","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546504269936","article-title":"Rotational motion changes in the glenohumeral joint of the adolescent\/Little League baseball player","volume":"33","author":"Meister","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465020300011701","article-title":"Osseous adaptation and range of motion at the glenohumeral joint in professional baseball pitchers","volume":"30","author":"Crockett","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546504273490","article-title":"Correlation of range of motion and glenohumeral translation in professional baseball pitchers","volume":"33","author":"Borsa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546503262188","article-title":"Excessive humeral external rotation results in increased shoulder laxity","volume":"32","author":"Mihata","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2015","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546513493249","article-title":"Relationship between humeral torsion and injury in professional baseball pitchers","volume":"41","author":"Polster","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1053\/jars.2003.50128","article-title":"The disabled throwing shoulder: spectrum of pathology Part I: pathoanatomy and biomechanics","volume":"19","author":"Burkhart","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1177\/0095399703258674","article-title":"A\u00a0clinical and roentgenographic study of Little League elbow","volume":"32","author":"Hang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200703000-00003","article-title":"Understanding shoulder and elbow injuries in baseball","volume":"15","author":"Limpisvasti","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1602","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546503262646","article-title":"Evidence of subclinical medial collateral ligament injury and posteromedial impingement in professional baseball players","volume":"32","author":"Kooima","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2271020288","article-title":"Dynamic US of the anterior band of the ulnar collateral ligament of the elbow in asymptomatic major league baseball pitchers","volume":"227","author":"Nazarian","year":"2003","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465980260031301","article-title":"Medial elbow joint laxity in professional baseball pitchers. A bilateral comparison using stress radiography","volume":"26","author":"Ellenbecker","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2004.02.008","article-title":"Physeal changes and range-of-motion differences in the dominant shoulders of skeletally immature baseball players","volume":"13","author":"Mair","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-196911000-00018","article-title":"Analysis of the pitching arm of the professional baseball pitcher","volume":"67","author":"King","year":"1969","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658301100206","article-title":"Valgus extension overload in the pitching elbow","volume":"11","author":"Wilson","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5919(20)30808-5","article-title":"The diagnosis and nonoperative treatment of elbow problems in the athlete","volume":"8","author":"Yocum","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199274010-00009","article-title":"Medial instability of the elbow in throwing athletes. Treatment by repair or reconstruction of the ulnar collateral ligament","volume":"74","author":"Conway","year":"1992","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"119","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib39","first-page":"194","article-title":"The normal carrying angle of the elbow. A radiographic study of 422 patients","author":"Beals","year":"1976","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"108","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-197505000-00027","article-title":"Recurrent ulnar-nerve dislocation at the elbow","author":"Childress","year":"1975","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1177\/036354657700500502","article-title":"Ulnar nerve entrapment syndrome in baseball players","volume":"5","author":"Del Pizzo","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"201","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib42","first-page":"84","article-title":"Functional anatomy of the ligaments of the elbow","author":"Morrey","year":"1985","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658301100506","article-title":"Articular and ligamentous contributions to the stability of the elbow joint","volume":"11","author":"Morrey","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib44","series-title":"Nerve entrapment syndromes at the elbow. Operative techniques in upper extremity sports injuries","first-page":"518","author":"Boatright","year":"1996"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465000280011401","article-title":"Operative treatment of ulnar collateral ligament injuries of the elbow in athletes","volume":"28","author":"Azar","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.146.2.6217486","article-title":"Distribution and natural history of stress fractures in U.S. Marine recruits","volume":"146","author":"Greaney","year":"1983","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.3109\/17453679108994489","article-title":"Tibial periosteal reactions in soldiers. A scintigraphic study of 29 cases of lower leg pain","volume":"62","author":"Nielsen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib48","first-page":"452","article-title":"Interpretation and classification of bone scintigraphic findings in stress fractures","volume":"28","author":"Zwas","year":"1987","journal-title":"J\u00a0Nucl Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1148\/123.3.699","article-title":"Bone scanning in the evaluation of exercise-related stress injuries","volume":"123","author":"Wilcox","year":"1977","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1148\/121.3.683","article-title":"Early detection of stress fractures using 99mTc-polyphosphate","volume":"121","author":"Geslien","year":"1976","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197759070-00006","article-title":"Scintigraphic findings in stress fractures","volume":"59","author":"Prather","year":"1977","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1097\/00042752-199104000-00007","article-title":"Radionuclide bone imaging in the detection of stress fractures","volume":"1","author":"Ammann","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1148\/132.2.431","article-title":"Bone stress: a radionuclide imaging perspective","volume":"132","author":"Roub","year":"1979","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658701500107","article-title":"Stress fractures in athletes. A study of 320 cases","volume":"15","author":"Matheson","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1007\/s002560050149","article-title":"MR arthrography of elbow: evaluation of the ulnar collateral ligament of elbow","volume":"25","author":"Nakanishi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.197.1.7568841","article-title":"Ulnar collateral ligament injury in the throwing athlete: evaluation with saline-enhanced MR arthrography","volume":"197","author":"Schwartz","year":"1995","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.168.3.9057537","article-title":"Medial elbow pain in the throwing athlete: MR imaging evaluation","volume":"168","author":"Gaary","year":"1997","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"370","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200001000-00003","article-title":"Imaging of posttraumatic and soft tissue dysfunction of the elbow","author":"Potter","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659402200105","article-title":"Preoperative evaluation of the ulnar collateral ligament by magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography arthrography. Evaluation in 25 baseball players with surgical confirmation","volume":"22","author":"Timmerman","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S1058-2746(00)80023-3","article-title":"Acute elbow injuries in the National Football League","volume":"9","author":"Kenter","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib61","series-title":"Orthopaedic knowledge update sports medicine","year":"1999"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465010290010601","article-title":"Nonoperative treatment of ulnar collateral ligament injuries in throwing athletes","volume":"29","author":"Rettig","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546513487979","article-title":"Treatment of partial ulnar collateral ligament tears in the elbow with platelet-rich plasma","volume":"41","author":"Podesta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198668080-00004","article-title":"Reconstruction of the ulnar collateral ligament in athletes","volume":"68","author":"Jobe","year":"1986","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658100900103","article-title":"Acute medial elbow ruptures","volume":"9","author":"Norwood","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib66","series-title":"Orthopaedic sports medicine: principles and practice","first-page":"882","article-title":"Throwing injuries","author":"Morrey","year":"1994"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2426","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546510378100","article-title":"Outcome of ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction of the elbow in 1281 athletes: results in 743 athletes with minimum 2-year follow-up","volume":"38","author":"Cain","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546508315201","article-title":"Primary repair of ulnar collateral ligament injuries of the elbow in young athletes: a case series of injuries to the proximal and distal ends of the ligament","volume":"36","author":"Savoie","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659502300406","article-title":"Outcome of elbow surgery in professional baseball players","volume":"23","author":"Andrews","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.L.00213","article-title":"Medial ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction using hamstring allograft in overhead throwing athletes","volume":"95","author":"Savoie","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659602400503","article-title":"A\u00a0muscle-splitting approach to the ulnar collateral ligament of the elbow. Neuroanatomy and operative technique","volume":"24","author":"Smith","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1067\/mse.2001.112881","article-title":"Ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction in athletes: muscle-splitting approach without transposition of the ulnar nerve","volume":"10","author":"Thompson","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2005.025072","article-title":"Evolution of the treatment options of ulnar collateral ligament injuries of the elbow","volume":"40","author":"Langer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2004.06.006","article-title":"A\u00a0biomechanical comparison of four reconstruction techniques for the medial collateral ligament-deficient elbow","volume":"14","author":"Armstrong","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465030310030201","article-title":"Biomechanical evaluation of a new ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction technique with interference screw fixation","volume":"31","author":"Ahmad","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546508331136","article-title":"Murphy DJt. Comparison of the biomechanical profile of the intact ulnar collateral ligament with the modified Jobe and the Docking reconstructed elbow: an in\u00a0vitro study","volume":"37","author":"Ciccotti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1926","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546506290988","article-title":"Medial ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction of the elbow in throwing athletes","volume":"34","author":"Dodson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546508326986","article-title":"Biomechanical comparison of the docking technique with and without humeral bioabsorbable interference screw fixation","volume":"37","author":"Hurbanek","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2006.09.004","article-title":"A\u00a0biomechanical comparison of 2 ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction techniques","volume":"23","author":"Large","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2005.12.012","article-title":"Two ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction methods: the docking technique versus bioabsorbable interference screw fixation\u2013a biomechanical evaluation with cyclic loading","volume":"16","author":"McAdams","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546510363463","article-title":"A\u00a0biomechanical evaluation of ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction using a novel technique for ulnar-sided fixation","volume":"38","author":"Morgan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20080701-18","article-title":"Effectiveness of interference screw fixation in ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction","volume":"31","author":"Nissen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546506289340","article-title":"Biomechanical evaluation of 2 techniques for ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction of the elbow","volume":"34","author":"Paletta","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1594","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546506289884","article-title":"The modified docking procedure for elbow ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction: 2-year follow-up in elite throwers","volume":"34","author":"Paletta","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2008.06.011","article-title":"An analysis of four ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction procedures with cyclic valgus loading","volume":"18","author":"Shah","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465020300041401","article-title":"Medial collateral ligament reconstruction of the elbow using the docking technique","volume":"30","author":"Rohrbough","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20100329-16","article-title":"Ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction using the ToggleLoc with ZipLoop for ulnar side fixation","volume":"33","author":"Starman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2010.01.005","article-title":"Elbow medial ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction: clinical relevance and the docking technique","volume":"19","author":"Bowers","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2006.07.024","article-title":"Ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction in elite throwing athletes","volume":"22","author":"Koh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546513509051","article-title":"A\u00a0systematic review of ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction techniques","author":"Watson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2039","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546507305802","article-title":"Clinical outcomes of the DANE TJ technique to treat ulnar collateral ligament insufficiency of the elbow","volume":"35","author":"Dines","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546509359060","article-title":"Clinical follow-up of professional baseball players undergoing ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction using the new Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic overhead athlete shoulder and elbow score (KJOC Score)","volume":"38","author":"Domb","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546508319053","article-title":"The outcome of elbow ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction in overhead athletes: a systematic review","volume":"36","author":"Vitale","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546503262166","article-title":"Ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction in high school baseball players: clinical results and injury risk factors","volume":"32","author":"Petty","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546509350109","article-title":"Revision ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction using a suspension button fixation technique","volume":"38","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546508314796","article-title":"Revision surgery for failed elbow medial collateral ligament reconstruction","volume":"36","author":"Dines","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0712(02)00007-0","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of elbow disorders in the overhead athlete","volume":"18","author":"Schickendantz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1129","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20120621-39","article-title":"Anconeus epitrochlearis as a source of medial elbow pain in baseball pitchers","volume":"35","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2005.03.030","article-title":"Cubital tunnel syndrome in adolescent baseball players: a report of six cases with 3- to 5-year follow-up","volume":"21","author":"Aoki","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8619(05)70147-X","article-title":"Ulnar neuropathy at the elbow","volume":"17","author":"Bradshaw","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurol Clin"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000140841.28007.F2","article-title":"Ulnar nerve entrapment neuropathy at the elbow: simple decompression","volume":"55","author":"Huang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/S1060-1872(96)80005-0","article-title":"Cubital tunnel syndrome","volume":"4","author":"Rokito","year":"1996","journal-title":"Oper Tech Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5919(20)30737-7","article-title":"Ulnar nerve problems in the athlete's elbow","volume":"9","author":"Glousman","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin Sports Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199507000-00013","article-title":"Operative treatment of medical epicondylitis. Influence of concomitant ulnar neuropathy at the elbow","volume":"77","author":"Gabel","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib105","series-title":"Orthopaedic knowledge update sports medicine","first-page":"179","author":"Griffin","year":"1994"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(75)90045-7","article-title":"The pressure measurement in the ulnar nerve. A contribution to the pathophysiology of the cubital tunnel syndrome","volume":"8","author":"Pechan","year":"1975","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biomech"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200103000-00004","article-title":"Medial elbow problems in the overhead-throwing athlete","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.03.038","article-title":"Ulnar nerve conduction velocity in injured baseball pitchers","volume":"86","author":"Wei","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465030310042601","article-title":"Elbow injuries in throwing athletes: a current concepts review","volume":"31","author":"Cain","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659302100613","article-title":"Anterior subcutaneous transfer of the ulnar nerve in the athlete","volume":"21","author":"Rettig","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2591","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.G.00183","article-title":"Anterior transposition compared with simple decompression for treatment of cubital tunnel syndrome. A meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials","volume":"89","author":"Zlowodzki","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2008.03.006","article-title":"Simple decompression versus anterior subcutaneous and submuscular transposition of the ulnar nerve for cubital tunnel syndrome: a meta-analysis","volume":"33","author":"Macadam","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1177\/036354657600400502","article-title":"Little league survey: the Eugene study","volume":"4","author":"Larson","year":"1976","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1177\/036354657600400501","article-title":"Little League survey: the Houston study","volume":"4","author":"Gugenheim","year":"1976","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658000800507","article-title":"Pitcher's elbow in adolescents","volume":"8","author":"Grana","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1097\/00042752-200501000-00008","article-title":"Little league elbow","volume":"15","author":"Benjamin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465020300040201","article-title":"Effect of pitch type, pitch count, and pitching mechanics on risk of elbow and shoulder pain in youth baseball pitchers","volume":"30","author":"Lyman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200111000-00002","article-title":"Longitudinal study of elbow and shoulder pain in youth baseball pitchers","volume":"33","author":"Lyman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(99)00127-X","article-title":"Kinematic and kinetic comparison of baseball pitching among various levels of development","volume":"32","author":"Fleisig","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biomech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(59)90542-2","article-title":"Elbow and shoulder lesions of baseball players","volume":"98","author":"Bennett","year":"1959","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e3181edba46","article-title":"Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging findings associated with Little League elbow","volume":"30","author":"Wei","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546512443807","article-title":"Outcome of nonoperative treatment for humeral medial epicondylar fragmentation before epiphyseal closure in young baseball players","volume":"40","author":"Harada","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib123","first-page":"71","article-title":"The little league pitcher","volume":"6","author":"Torg","year":"1972","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1177\/036354657700500105","article-title":"Elbow instability and medial epicondyle fractures","volume":"5","author":"Woods","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"223","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib125","first-page":"170","article-title":"Operative treatment of medial epicondyle fractures in children","author":"Hines","year":"1987","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5919(20)30905-4","article-title":"Shoulder and elbow injuries in the young athlete","volume":"7","author":"Ireland","year":"1988","journal-title":"Clin Sports Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546513480797","article-title":"Return to competitive sports after medial epicondyle fractures in adolescent athletes: results of operative and nonoperative treatment","volume":"41","author":"Lawrence","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csm.2004.06.003","article-title":"Biomechanics of the elbow in sports","volume":"23","author":"Loftice","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Sports Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2011.06.012","article-title":"Posteromedial elbow impingement: magnetic resonance imaging findings in overhead throwing athletes and results of arthroscopic treatment","volume":"27","author":"Cohen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738112455006","article-title":"Rehabilitation of the Overhead Athlete's Elbow","volume":"4","author":"Wilk","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sports Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5919(20)31081-4","article-title":"Arthroscopy of the elbow","volume":"5","author":"Andrews","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clin Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659402200106","article-title":"Undersurface tear of the ulnar collateral ligament in baseball players. A newly recognized lesion","volume":"22","author":"Timmerman","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1053\/jars.2000.8953","article-title":"Arthroscopy of the elbow: a long-term clinical review","volume":"16","author":"Reddy","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2424","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200411000-00010","article-title":"Medial collateral ligament strain with partial posteromedial olecranon resection. A biomechanical study","volume":"86A","author":"Kamineni","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546503263149","article-title":"Elbow medial ulnar collateral ligament insufficiency alters posteromedial olecranon contact","volume":"32","author":"Ahmad","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5919(20)30136-8","article-title":"Bony injuries of the wrist, forearm, and elbow","volume":"15","author":"Griggs","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Sports Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465020300051801","article-title":"Stress injury of the proximal ulna in professional baseball players","volume":"30","author":"Schickendantz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"278","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199205000-00009","article-title":"Olecranon stress fractures in throwers. A report of two cases and a review of the literature","author":"Nuber","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546512469089","article-title":"Cannulated screw fixation of refractory olecranon stress fractures with and without associated injuries allows a return to baseball","volume":"41","author":"Paci","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-201009000-00007","article-title":"Osteochondritis dissecans of the capitellum: current concepts","volume":"18","author":"Ruchelsman","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546513490652","article-title":"Biomechanical characteristics of osteochondral defects of the humeral capitellum","volume":"41","author":"Mihata","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"363","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib142","first-page":"108","article-title":"Long term outcome of osteochondritis dissecans of the humeral capitellum","author":"Takahara","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465990270060701","article-title":"Nonoperative treatment of osteochondritis dissecans of the humeral capitellum","volume":"27","author":"Takahara","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546508324970","article-title":"Nonoperative treatment for osteochondritis dissecans of the capitellum","volume":"37","author":"Mihara","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199211000-00020","article-title":"Osteochondritis dissecans of the elbow: a long-term follow-up study","volume":"284","author":"Bauer","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.F.00622","article-title":"Classification, treatment, and outcome of osteochondritis dissecans of the humeral capitellum","volume":"89","author":"Takahara","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465980260040801","article-title":"The arthroscopic classification and treatment of osteochondritis dissecans of the capitellum","volume":"26","author":"Baumgarten","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465020300040401","article-title":"Arthroscopic surgery for isolated capitellar osteochondritis dissecans in adolescent baseball players: minimum three-year follow-up","volume":"30","author":"Byrd","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-005-0623-z","article-title":"Arthroscopic treatment of osteochondritis dissecans of the capitellum","volume":"14","author":"Brownlow","year":"2006","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2006.030056","article-title":"Results of arthroscopic debridement for osteochondritis dissecans of the elbow","volume":"40","author":"Rahusen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-8063(98)70013-1","article-title":"The arthroscopic management of osteochondritis dissecans of the adolescent elbow","volume":"14","author":"Ruch","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib152","first-page":"599","article-title":"Osteochondritis dissecans of the elbow","volume":"53","author":"Yadao","year":"2004","journal-title":"Instr Course Lect"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1067\/mse.2002.123900","article-title":"Fragment fixation with a bone graft and dynamic staples for osteochondritis dissecans of the humeral capitellum","volume":"11","author":"Harada","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465020300051501","article-title":"A\u00a0surgical treatment for unstable osteochondritis dissecans lesions of the humeral capitellum in adolescent baseball players","volume":"30","author":"Takeda","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.3928\/0147-7447-19980401-10","article-title":"Osteochondritis dissecans of the elbow managed by Herbert screw fixation","volume":"21","author":"Kuwahata","year":"1998","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465000280041401","article-title":"Closed-Wedge osteotomy for osteochondritis dissecans of the capitellum. A 7- to 12-year follow-up","volume":"28","author":"Kiyoshige","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-008-0636-5","article-title":"Oblique osteochondral plugs transplantation technique for osteochondritis dissecans of the elbow joint","volume":"17","author":"Miyamoto","year":"2009","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2359","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.H.01266","article-title":"Autologous osteochondral mosaicplasty for osteochondritis dissecans of the elbow in teenage athletes","volume":"91","author":"Iwasaki","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"435","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000160025.14363.f9","article-title":"Reconstruction with an osteochondral autograft for advanced osteochondritis dissecans of the elbow","author":"Shimada","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1936","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546511406220","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of the medial ulnar collateral ligament ulnar footprint and its relationship to the ulnar sublime tubercle","volume":"39","author":"Farrow","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"}],"container-title":["Orthopedic Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0030589814000443?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0030589814000443?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,9]],"date-time":"2022-04-09T11:36:57Z","timestamp":1649504217000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0030589814000443"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"references-count":160,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0030589814000443"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0030-5898"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0030-5898","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The Thrower\u2019s Elbow","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Orthopedic Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}