{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T19:33:44Z","timestamp":1777923224328,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006111","name":"Minist\u00e9rio da Ci\u00eancia, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006111","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.es","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Archivos de la Sociedad Espa\u00f1ola de Oftalmolog\u00eda (English Edition)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T07:53:56Z","timestamp":1771833236000},"page":"502521","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The potential of DNA methylation as a biomarker for age-related macular degeneration: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Ghannai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4955-1770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6394-658X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2986-5652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P.","family":"Camacho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-021-00265-2","article-title":"Age-related macular degeneration","volume":"7","author":"Fleckenstein","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Prim."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-8445-y","article-title":"Regional differences in the global burden of age-related macular degeneration","volume":"20","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Public Health."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2019-314422","article-title":"Prevalence and incidence of age-related macular degeneration in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"104","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a017178","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and current treatment of age-related macular degeneration","volume":"5","author":"Yonekawa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med."},{"issue":"April","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2018.04.006","article-title":"A new perspective on lipid research in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"67","author":"van Leeuwen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-019-0393-3","article-title":"Socio-economic status and outcomes for patients with age-related macular degeneration","volume":"33","author":"More","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eye."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2010.12.020","article-title":"Smoking, dietary betaine, methionine, and vitamin D in monozygotic twins with discordant macular degeneration: epigenetic implications","volume":"118","author":"Seddon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ophthalmology."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e926","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13775","article-title":"Adherence to a Mediterranean diet, lifestyle and age-related macular degeneration: the Coimbra Eye Study \u2013 report 3","volume":"96","author":"Raimundo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2021.01.005","article-title":"Natural history of incomplete retinal pigment epithelial and outer retinal atrophy in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"56","author":"Corradetti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Can J Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1177\/11206721211001716","article-title":"Burden of disease assessment in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration in Spain: Results of the AMD-MANAGE study","volume":"32","author":"Pina Mar\u00edn","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-019-0393-3","article-title":"Socio-economic status and outcomes for patients with age-related macular degeneration","volume":"33","author":"More","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eye."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/2913612","article-title":"Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Potential Role for Proteoglycans","volume":"2016","author":"Al Gwairi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0065","first-page":"26","article-title":"Mechanisms of age-related macular degeneration","volume":"75","author":"Jayakrishna","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1159\/000468965","article-title":"Ganglion cell complex in early and intermediate age-related macular degeneration: evidence by SD-OCT manual segmentation","author":"Camacho","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1159\/000484349","article-title":"Outer retina and choroidal thickness in intermediate age-related macular degeneration: reticular pseudodrusen findings","volume":"59","author":"Camacho","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2017.05.003","article-title":"Systemic and ocular fluid compounds as potential biomarkers in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"63","author":"Kersten","year":"2018","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0085","first-page":"6072","article-title":"A large genome-wide association study of age-related macular degeneration highlights contributions of rare and common variants","volume":"118","author":"Riaz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2020.06.020","article-title":"Integrating metabolomics, genomics, and disease pathways in age-related macular degeneration: the EYE-RISK consortium","volume":"127","author":"Acar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0095","article-title":"A plasma metabolomic profiling of exudative age-related macular degeneration showing carnosine and mitochondrial deficiencies","volume":"9","author":"Chao delaBarca","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-genom-090413-025610","article-title":"Age-related macular degeneration: genetics and biology coming together","volume":"15","author":"Fritsche","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet."},{"issue":"February","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0105","first-page":"1","article-title":"Flavoprotein fluorescence elevation is a marker of mitochondrial oxidative stress in patients with retinal disease","volume":"3","author":"Ahsanuddin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5862","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-16810","article-title":"In vivo imaging of retinal oxidative stress using a reactive oxygen species-activated fluorescent probe","volume":"56","author":"Prunty","year":"2015","journal-title":"Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0115","first-page":"428","article-title":"Photo-oxidative stress in the eye: role of retinal pigment epithelial pigments","volume":"3863","author":"Glickman","year":"1999"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2005.01.007","article-title":"RPE lipofuscin and its role in retinal pathobiology","volume":"80","author":"Sparrow","year":"2005","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0125","first-page":"3579","article-title":"Differential expression of the complement regulatory proteins in the human eye","volume":"34","author":"Bora","year":"1993","journal-title":"Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2009.11.003","article-title":"The pivotal role of the complement system in aging and age-related macular degeneration: Hypothesis re-visited","volume":"29","author":"Anderson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res."},{"issue":"January","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0135","article-title":"Real-world six-month outcomes in patients switched to faricimab following partial response to anti-VEGF therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration and diabetic macular oedema","author":"Borchert","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eye."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a006650","article-title":"The complex role of angiopoietin-2 in the angiopoietin-Tie signaling pathway","volume":"2","author":"Thurston","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0145","first-page":"1","article-title":"Disease activity and therapeutic response to pegcetacoplan for geographic atrophy identified by deep learning-based analysis of OCT","author":"Schmidt-Erfurth","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ophthalmology."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2024.1269","article-title":"Pegcetacoplan Treatment and Consensus Features of Geographic Atrophy over 24 Months","volume":"142","author":"Fu","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"05","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1237423","article-title":"Epigenetics: Definition, Mechanisms and Clinical Perspective","volume":"27","author":"Dupont","year":"2009","journal-title":"Semin Reprod Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0160","series-title":"In: StatPearls [Internet]","article-title":"Genetics, Epigenetic Mechanism","author":"Al Aboud","year":"2023"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2145","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.956839","article-title":"Epigenetic modifications","volume":"123","author":"Handy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/biohorizons\/hzx007","article-title":"The role of epigenetics in human evolution","volume":"10","author":"Osborne","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biosci Horizons Int J Student Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2012.112","article-title":"DNA methylation and its basic function","volume":"38","author":"Moore","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology."},{"issue":"May","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0180","first-page":"1","article-title":"The role of epigenetic methylation\/demethylation in the regulation of retinal photoreceptors","volume":"11","author":"Lu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0185","first-page":"197","article-title":"DNA methylation in development and disease: an overview for prostate researchers","volume":"6","author":"Joseph","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Clin Exp Urol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14020559","article-title":"DNA methyltransferase expression (DNMT1, DNMT3a, and DNMT3b) as a potential biomarker in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"14","author":"Camacho","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.70059","article-title":"Identification of ferroptosis\u2010related gene in age\u2010related macular degeneration using machine learning","volume":"12","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Immun Inflamm Dis."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13100","article-title":"The lipid elongation enzyme ELOVL2 is a molecular regulator of aging in the retina","volume":"19","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tma.2020.06.004","article-title":"ELOVL2: Not just a biomarker of aging","volume":"4","author":"Chao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl Med Aging."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-53731-8","article-title":"E3 ubiquitin ligase Herc3 deficiency leads to accumulation of subretinal microglia and retinal neurodegeneration","volume":"14","author":"Zegeye","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2089","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-8449","article-title":"DNA methylation is associated with altered gene expression in AMD","volume":"53","author":"Hunter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8020159","article-title":"Characterization of SIRT1\/DNMTs functions and LINE-1 methylation in patients with age-related macular degeneration","volume":"8","author":"Maugeri","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2012.10.013","article-title":"Hypomethylation of the IL17RC promoter associates with age-related macular degeneration","volume":"2","author":"Wei","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-019-0608-2","article-title":"Whole-genome methylation profiling of the retinal pigment epithelium of individuals with age-related macular degeneration reveals differential methylation of the SKI, GTF2H4, and TNXB genes","volume":"11","author":"Porter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Epigenetics."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2013.11.042","article-title":"Hypomethylation of the IL17RC promoter in peripheral blood leukocytes is not a hallmark of age-related macular degeneration","volume":"5","author":"Oliver","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.3109\/02713683.2014.1002044","article-title":"Plasma Homocysteine and Asymmetrical Dimethyl-l-Arginine (ADMA) and whole blood DNA methylation in early and neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a pilot study","volume":"41","author":"Pinna","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222413457","article-title":"Epigenetic age acceleration is not associated with age-related macular degeneration","volume":"22","author":"Saptarshi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0250","series-title":"Degeneration Genetics","first-page":"1","author":"Sangiovanni","year":"2014"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2007.03.135","article-title":"Epigenetic regulation of clusterin\/apolipoprotein J expression in retinal pigment epithelial cells","volume":"357","author":"Suuronen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun."},{"issue":"NOV","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0260","first-page":"1","article-title":"Oxidative stress in age-related macular degeneration: NRF2 as therapeutic target","volume":"9","author":"Bellezza","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12030617","article-title":"Polyunsaturated lipids in the light-exposed and prooxidant retinal environment","volume":"12","author":"Longoni","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antioxidants."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0270","first-page":"1","article-title":"Identification of aberrantly methylated differentially expressed genes in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"98","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med (United States)."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2091","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2010.090878","article-title":"The role of vascular endothelial growth factor-induced activation of NADPH oxidase in choroidal endothelial cells and choroidal neovascularization","volume":"177","author":"Monaghan-Benson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Pathol."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2989","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.49890","article-title":"The role of inflammation in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"16","author":"Tan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0285","first-page":"353","article-title":"Age-related macular degeneration (AMD): Pathogenesis and therapy","volume":"58","author":"Nowak","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-020-01392-2","article-title":"Integrated bioinformatics analysis of aberrantly-methylated differentially-expressed genes and pathways in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"20","author":"Shen","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-014-2922-x","article-title":"Combined silencing of TGF-\u03b22 and Snail genes inhibit epithelial-mesenchymal transition of retinal pigment epithelial cells under hypoxia","volume":"253","author":"Feng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Graefe\u2019s Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.2741\/e760","article-title":"SOCS2 physiological and pathological functions","volume":"8","author":"Haan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Biosci."},{"issue":"November","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0305","first-page":"1","article-title":"Suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 regulates retinal pigment epithelium metabolism by enhancing autophagy","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Neurosci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-21-7043","article-title":"Identification of differentially expressed and methylated genes and construction of a co-expression network in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"10","author":"Liang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-37673-6","article-title":"Complement factor H regulates retinal development and its absence may establish a footprint for age related macular degeneration","volume":"9","author":"Sivapathasuntharam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4382","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.102059","article-title":"Complement component C5a induces aberrant epigenetic modifications in renal tubular epithelial cells accelerating senescence by Wnt4\/\u03b2catenin signaling after ischemia\/reperfusion injury","volume":"11","author":"Castellano","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging (Albany NY)."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19113363","article-title":"The controversial role of tgf-\u03b2 in neovascular age-related macular degeneration pathogenesis","volume":"19","author":"Tosi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.086603","article-title":"Conditional knockdown of DNA methyltransferase 1 reveals a key role of retinal pigment epithelium integrity in photoreceptor outer segment morphogenesis","volume":"140","author":"Rodriguez-Boulan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dev."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xgen.2023.100302","article-title":"A systems biology approach uncovers novel disease mechanisms in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"3","author":"Orozco","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Genomics."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.65.2.23","article-title":"5-Aza-2\u2032-Deoxycytidine Ameliorates Choroidal Neovascularization by Inhibiting the Wnt\/\u03b2-Catenin Signaling Pathway","volume":"65","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Investig Opthalmol Vis Sci."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0345","article-title":"Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) mitochondria modulate epigenetic mechanisms in retinal pigment epithelial cells","volume":"189","author":"Nashine","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.4161\/epi.24947","article-title":"ANGPT2 promoter methylation is strongly associated with gene expression and prognosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia","volume":"8","author":"Martinelli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epigenetics."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1080\/15592294.2015.1060388","article-title":"Differential DNA methylation identified in the blood and retina of AMD patients","volume":"10","author":"Oliver","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epigenetics."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-46063-8","article-title":"QTL mapping of human retina DNA methylation identifies 87 gene-epigenome interactions in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"15","author":"Advani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"issue":"September","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0365","article-title":"Integrative multiomic analysis unveils the molecular nexus of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration","volume":"249","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.27594","article-title":"\u03c9-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid intake and 12-y incidence of neovascular Age-Related macular degeneration and central geographic atrophy: AREDS report 30, a prospective cohort Study from the Age-Related Eye Disease Study","volume":"90","author":"SanGiovanni","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0375","first-page":"89","article-title":"Dynamic lipid turnover in photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium throughout life","author":"Lewandowski","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fopht.2023.1258734","article-title":"Lysolipids are prominent in subretinal drusenoid deposits, a high-risk phenotype in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"3","author":"Anderson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.18240\/ijo.2025.01.12","article-title":"Neurodegeneration and choroidal vascular features on OCT in the progression to advanced age-related macular degeneration","volume":"18","author":"Costa","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2545","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-021-05140-0","article-title":"Retinal layer thicknesses and neurodegeneration in early age-related macular degeneration: insights from the Coimbra Eye Study","volume":"259","author":"Farinha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Graefe\u2019s Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001759","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of the inner retinal layer thicknesses in agerelated macular degeneration using corrected optical coherence tomography segmentation","volume":"38","author":"Muftuoglu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Retina."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2024.114102","article-title":"LXR\/CD38 activation drives cholesterol-induced macrophage senescence and neurodegeneration via NAD+ depletion","volume":"43","author":"Terao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0405","first-page":"1","article-title":"Genome-wide DNA methylation signature predict clinical benefit of bevacizumab in non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"22","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Cancer."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0410","first-page":"1","article-title":"Targeting the VEGFR2 signaling pathway for angiogenesis and fibrosis regulation in neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"14","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"issue":"December 2024","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0415","article-title":"Multiple gene therapy as a tool for regulating the expression of molecules involved in neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"104","author":"Corydon","year":"2025","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-35080-0","article-title":"Quantitative assessment of choriocapillaris flow deficits and type 1 macular neovascularization growth in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"13","author":"Cabral","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0425","article-title":"Hyperreflective foci, optical coherence tomography progression indicators in age-related macular degeneration, include transdifferentiated retinal pigment epithelium","volume":"62","author":"Cao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521_bib0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.12.002","article-title":"Imaging protocols in clinical studies in advanced age-related macular degeneration: recommendations from classification of atrophy consensus meetings","volume":"124","author":"Holz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"}],"container-title":["Archivos de la Sociedad Espa\u00f1ola de Oftalmolog\u00eda (English Edition)"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2173579426000289?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2173579426000289?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T20:42:48Z","timestamp":1777668168000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2173579426000289"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":86,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S2173579426000289"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521","relation":{},"ISSN":["2173-5794"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2173-5794","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The potential of DNA methylation as a biomarker for age-related macular degeneration: A systematic review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Archivos de la Sociedad Espa\u00f1ola de Oftalmolog\u00eda (English Edition)","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oftale.2026.502521","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oftal.2026.502521","name":"associatedlink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to the associated document"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Sociedad Espa\u00f1ola de Oftalmolog\u00eda. Published by Elsevier Espa\u00f1a, S.L.U. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"502521"}}