{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]],"date-time":"2023-08-23T21:28:22Z","timestamp":1692826102799},"reference-count":113,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,1]],"date-time":"2006-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1157068800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,10]],"date-time":"2007-01-10T15:08:25Z","timestamp":1168441705000},"page":"467-479","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Exogenous Sex Hormones and Thrombophilia"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Isobel D.","family":"Walker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1161\/hq0202.102318","article-title":"Female hormones and thrombosis","volume":"22","author":"Rosendaal","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(61)91061-3","article-title":"Pulmonary embolism","volume":"2","author":"Jordan","year":"1961","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(63)91117-6","article-title":"Coronary thrombosis and Conovide","volume":"1","author":"Boyce","year":"1963","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1649849","article-title":"Changes in haemostatic variables induced by oral contraceptives containing 50 micrograms or 30 micrograms oestrogen: absence of dose-dependent effect on PAI-1 activity","volume":"74","author":"Scarabin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1650651","article-title":"Increased levels of activated factor VII and decreased plasma protein S activity and circulating thrombomodulin during use of oral contraceptives","volume":"76","author":"Quehenberger","year":"1996","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"8045","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(77)90888-1","article-title":"Haemostatic, lipid, and blood-pressure profiles of women on oral contraceptives containing 50 microgram or 30 microgram oestrogen","volume":"2","author":"Meade","year":"1977","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1653788","article-title":"Sensitivity to activated protein C; influence of oral contraceptives and sex","volume":"73","author":"Henkens","year":"1995","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1615889","article-title":"Effects of hormone replacement therapy on coagulation, fibrinolysis, and thrombosis risk in postmenopausal women","volume":"82","author":"Koh","year":"1999","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1995.tb05323.x","article-title":"Resistance to activated protein C in healthy women taking oral contraceptives","volume":"91","author":"Olivieri","year":"1995","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.100.7.717","article-title":"Effect of postmenopausal hormones on inflammation-sensitive proteins: the Postmenopausal Estrogen\/Progestin Interventions (PEPI)","volume":"100","author":"Cushman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Study Circ"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.19.4.893","article-title":"Hormone replacement therapy, inflammation, and hemostasis in elderly women","volume":"19","author":"Cushman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1613960","article-title":"A randomized cross-over study on the effects of levonorgestrel- and desogestrel-containing oral contraceptives on the anticoagulant pathways","volume":"84","author":"Tans","year":"2000","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2001.02853.x","article-title":"Protein S levels are lower in women receiving desogestrel-containing combined oral contraceptives (COCs) than in women receiving levonorgestrel-containing COCs at steady state and on cross-over","volume":"113","author":"Mackie","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib14","first-page":"4","article-title":"Effects on coagulation of levonorgestrel- and desogestrel-containing low dose oral contraceptives: a cross-over study","volume":"84","author":"Middeldorp","year":"2000","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib15","first-page":"9","article-title":"Increased fibrinolytic activity during use of oral contraceptives is counteracted by an enhanced factor XI-independent down regulation of fibrinolysis: a randomized cross-over study of two low-dose oral contraceptives","volume":"84","author":"Meijers","year":"2000","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.1997.192707.x","article-title":"Oral contraceptives and venous thrombosis: different sensitivities to activated protein C in women using second- and third-generation oral contraceptives","volume":"97","author":"Rosing","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1646283","article-title":"Coagulation activation following estrogen administration to postmenopausal women","volume":"68","author":"Caine","year":"1992","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1642453","article-title":"The effects of transdermal estradiol and oral conjugated estrogens on haemostasis variables","volume":"71","author":"Kroon","year":"1994","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3071","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.17.11.3071","article-title":"Effects of oral and transdermal estrogen\/progesterone regimens on blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in postmenopausal women. A randomized controlled trial","volume":"17","author":"Scarabin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1614599","article-title":"Activated protein C resistance and the FV:R506Q mutation in a random population sample","volume":"81","author":"Lowe","year":"1999","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199304153281501","article-title":"Association of hormone-replacement therapy with various cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study Investigators","volume":"328","author":"Nabulsi","year":"1993","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03520270033028","article-title":"Effect of estrogen or estrogen\/progestin regimens on heart disease risk factors in post-menopausal women. The Post-menopausal Estrogen\/progestin Interventions (PEPI) Trial","volume":"273","author":"The Writing Group for the PEPI Trial","year":"1995","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"7029","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.312.7029.473","article-title":"Randomised comparison of oestrogen versus oestrogen plus progestogen hormone replacement therapy in women with hysterectomy. Medical Research Council's General Practice Research Framework","volume":"312","year":"1996","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib24","first-page":"550","article-title":"Different effects of oral and transdermal hormone replacement therapies on factor IX, APC resistance, t-PA, PAI and C-reactive protein\u2014a cross-sectional population survey","volume":"86","author":"Lowe","year":"2001","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5122(95)01000-9","article-title":"Transdermal estrogen replacement therapy: beneficial effects on hemostatic risk factors for cardiovascular disease","volume":"24","author":"Lindoff","year":"1996","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib26","first-page":"267","article-title":"Records Unit and Research Advisory Service of the Royal College of General Practitioners. Oral contraception and thromboembolic disease","volume":"13","year":"1967","journal-title":"J R Coll Gen Pract"},{"issue":"6519","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.292.6519.526","article-title":"Oral contraceptives and venous thromboembolism: findings in a large prospective study","volume":"292","author":"Vessey","year":"1986","journal-title":"Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib28","first-page":"299","article-title":"Oral contraceptives and nonfatal vascular disease\u2014recent experience","volume":"59","author":"Porter","year":"1982","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a121082","article-title":"Thromboembolism and oral contraceptives: an epidemiologic case-control study","volume":"90","author":"Sartwell","year":"1969","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib30","first-page":"1399","article-title":"Oral contraceptives and venous thromboembolic disease, surgically confirmed gall bladder disease and breast tumours","volume":"1","year":"1973","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5599.199","article-title":"Investigation of relation between use of oral contraceptives and thromboembolic disease","volume":"1","author":"Vessey","year":"1968","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5658.651","article-title":"Investigation of relation between use of oral contraceptives and thromboembolic disease: a further report","volume":"2","author":"Vessey","year":"1969","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib33","first-page":"393","article-title":"Royal College of General Practitioners' Oral contraception Study. Oral contraceptives; venous thrombosis and varicose veins","volume":"28","year":"1978","journal-title":"J R Coll Gen Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1160\/TH04-11-0759","article-title":"Oral contraceptives, hormone replacement therapy, thrombophilias and risk of venous thromboembolism: a systematic review. The Thrombosis: Risk and Economic Assessment of Thrombophilia Screening (TREATS) Study","volume":"94","author":"Wu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"9173","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)01257-X","article-title":"Venous thromboembolism among new users of different oral contraceptives","volume":"354","author":"Herings","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"8990","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)91928-7","article-title":"Risk of idiopathic cardiovascular death and nonfatal venous thromboembolism in women using oral contraceptives with differing progestogen components","volume":"346","author":"Jick","year":"1995","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)91926-0","article-title":"Venous thromboembolic disease and combined oral contraceptives: results of international multicentre case control study. World Health Organization Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease and Steroid Hormone Contraception","volume":"346","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1995","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"8990","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)91929-5","article-title":"Enhancement by factor V Leiden mutation of risk of deep-vein thrombosis associated with oral contraceptives containing a third-generation progestogen","volume":"346","author":"Bloemenkamp","year":"1995","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7270","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.321.7270.1190","article-title":"Risk of venous thromboembolism among users of third generation oral contraceptives compared with users of oral contraceptives with levonorgestrel before and after 1995: cohort and case-control analysis","volume":"321","author":"Jick","year":"2000","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.159.1.65","article-title":"Risk of venous thrombosis with use of current low-dose oral contraceptives is not explained by diagnostic suspicion and referral bias","volume":"159","author":"Bloemenkamp","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"7023","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.312.7023.83","article-title":"Third generation oral contraceptives and risk of venous thromboembolic disorders: an international case-control study. Transnational Research Group on Oral Contraceptives and the Health of Young Women","volume":"312","author":"Spitzer","year":"1996","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-7824(99)00011-6","article-title":"The risk of venous thromboembolism in users of postcoital contraceptive pills","volume":"59","author":"Vasilakis","year":"1999","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1614213","article-title":"Third generation oral contraceptives and heritable thrombophilia as risk factors of non-fatal venous thromboembolism","volume":"79","author":"Andersen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2796.1998.00310.x","article-title":"Resistance to activated protein C, highly prevalent amongst users of oral contraceptives with venous thromboembolism","volume":"244","author":"Bennet","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"issue":"7137","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.316.7137.1090","article-title":"Oral contraception was not associated with venous thromboembolic disease in recent study","volume":"316","author":"Farmer","year":"1998","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"9045","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)07496-X","article-title":"Population-based study of risk of venous thromboembolism associated with various oral contraceptives","volume":"349","author":"Farmer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-7824(98)00033-X","article-title":"Oral contraceptives and venous thromboembolism. A\u00a0case-control study","volume":"57","author":"Lidegaard","year":"1998","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"issue":"7305","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.323.7305.131","article-title":"Third generation oral contraceptives and risk of venous thrombosis: meta-analysis","volume":"323","author":"Kemmeren","year":"2001","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib49","first-page":"965","article-title":"Risk of thrombosis associated with oral contraceptives of women from 97 families with inherited thrombophilia: high risk of thrombosis in carriers of the G20210A mutation of the prothrombin gene","volume":"86","author":"Santamaria","year":"2001","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"issue":"8935","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)90286-0","article-title":"Increased risk of venous thrombosis in oral-contraceptive users who are carriers of factor V Leiden mutation","volume":"344","author":"Vandenbroucke","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.19.3.700","article-title":"Interaction between the G20210A mutation of the prothrombin gene and oral contraceptive use in deep vein thrombosis","volume":"19","author":"Martinelli","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1080\/13625180008500383","article-title":"Are factor V Leiden carriers who use oral contraceptives at extreme risk for venous thromboembolism?","volume":"5","author":"Spannagl","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.2001.3082","article-title":"Venous thromboembolism in young women; role of thrombophilic mutations and oral contraceptive use","volume":"23","author":"Legnani","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"7065","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.313.7065.1127","article-title":"Factor V Leiden: should we screen oral contraceptive users and pregnant women?","volume":"313","author":"Vandenbroucke","year":"1996","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1793","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199806183382502","article-title":"High risk of cerebral-vein thrombosis in carriers of a prothrombin-gene mutation and in users of oral contraceptives","volume":"338","author":"Martinelli","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"7226","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.320.7226.57","article-title":"Incidence of venous thromboembolism in users of combined oral contraceptives. Risk is particularly high with first use of oral contraceptives","volume":"320","author":"Vandenbrouke","year":"2000","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.1.49","article-title":"Higher risk of venous thrombosis during early use of oral contraceptives in women with inherited clotting defects","volume":"160","author":"Bloemenkamp","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2352","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.19.2352","article-title":"Thrombophilia, clinical factors, and recurrent venous thrombotic events","volume":"293","author":"Christiansen","year":"2005","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"599","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5599.193","article-title":"Investigation of deaths from pulmonary, coronary, and cerebral thrombosis and embolism in women of child-bearing age","volume":"2","author":"Inman","year":"1968","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197304262881703","article-title":"Oral contraception and increased risk of cerebral ischaemia or thrombosis","volume":"288","year":"1973","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9060","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)02358-1","article-title":"Acute myocardial infarction and combined oral contraceptives: results of an international multicentre case-control study","volume":"349","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9026","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)12393-8","article-title":"Ischaemic stroke and combined oral contraceptives: results of an international, multicentre, case-control study","volume":"348","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9026","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)12394-6","article-title":"Haemorrhagic stroke, overall stroke risk, and combined oral contraceptives: results of an international, multicentre, case-control study","volume":"348","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1538-7836.2003.00079.x","article-title":"The RATIO study: oral contraceptives and the risk of peripheral arterial disease in young women","volume":"1","author":"van den Bosch","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib65","series-title":"Cardiovascular disease and steroid hormone contraception: report of a WHO scientific group. WHO Technical Report Series, 877","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1998"},{"issue":"8119","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(79)91205-4","article-title":"Oral-contraceptive use in relation to myocardial infarction","volume":"1","author":"Shapiro","year":"1979","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-7824(97)00118-2","article-title":"The use of oral contraceptives and the occurrence of acute myocardial infarction in young women. Results from the Transnational Study on Oral Contraceptives and the Health of Young Women","volume":"56","author":"Lewis","year":"1997","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/5.6.721","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease and combined oral contraceptives: reviewing the evidence and balancing the risks","volume":"5","author":"Farley","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"issue":"7109","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.679b","article-title":"Lowered risk of dying of heart attack with third generation pill may offset risk of dying of thromboembolism","volume":"315","author":"Lewis","year":"1997","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"9001","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)91334-3","article-title":"Risk of acute myocardial infarction and low-dose combined oral contraceptives","volume":"347","author":"Jick","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7198","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.318.7198.1579","article-title":"Oral contraceptives and myocardial infarction: results of the MICA case-control study","volume":"318","author":"Dunn","year":"1999","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-668X(02)00752-2","article-title":"Oral contraceptives and the risk of myocardial infarction","volume":"24","author":"Tanis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa003216","article-title":"Oral contraceptives and the risk of myocardial infarction","volume":"345","author":"Tanis","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.97.11.1037","article-title":"Interaction of coagulation defects and cardiovascular risk factors: increased risk of myocardial infarction associated with factor V Leiden or prothrombin 20210A","volume":"97","author":"Doggen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V90.5.1747","article-title":"A common prothrombin variant (20210 G to A) increases the risk of myocardial infarction in young women","volume":"90","author":"Rosendaal","year":"1997","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2817","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V89.8.2817","article-title":"Factor V Leiden (resistance to activated protein C) increases the risk of myocardial infarction in young women","volume":"89","author":"Rosendaal","year":"1997","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2003.04454.x","article-title":"Prothrombotic coagulation defects and cardiovascular risk factors in young women with acute myocardial infarction","volume":"122","author":"Tanis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1160\/TH03-11-0690","article-title":"Factor V Leiden and prothrombin G20210A mutations in young adults with cryptogenic ischemic stroke","volume":"91","author":"Aznar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2005.01442.x","article-title":"Prothrombotic conditions, oral contraceptives, and the risk of ischemic stroke","volume":"3","author":"Slooter","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197401032900104","article-title":"Surgically confirmed gallbladder disease, venous thromboembolism and breast tumors in relation to postmenopausal estrogen therapy","volume":"290","year":"1974","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1097\/00006250-197907000-00017","article-title":"Estrogen replacement therapy II: a prospective study in the relationship to carcinoma and cardiovascular and metabolic problems","volume":"54","author":"Nachtigall","year":"1979","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1979.03300110022020","article-title":"Risk of vascular disease in women: smoking, oral contraceptives, noncontraceptive estrogens, and other factors","volume":"242","author":"Petitti","year":"1979","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(92)90077-O","article-title":"Estrogen replacement therapy and the risk of venous thrombosis","volume":"92","author":"Devor","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5122(91)90193-T","article-title":"Estrogen replacement therapy is not conducive of venous thromboembolism","volume":"13","author":"Young","year":"1991","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"issue":"9033","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)24041-3","article-title":"Case-control study of venous thromboembolism risk in users of hormone replacement therapy","volume":"348","author":"Daly","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9033","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)07113-9","article-title":"Risk of venous thromboembolism in users of hormone replacement therapy","volume":"348","author":"Daly","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-132-9-200005020-00002","article-title":"Postmenopausal hormone therapy increases risk for venous thromboembolic disease. The Heart and Estrogen\/progestin Replacement Study","volume":"132","author":"Grady","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"9033","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)07308-4","article-title":"Prospective study of exogenous hormones and risk of pulmonary embolism in women","volume":"348","author":"Grodstein","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9033","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)07114-0","article-title":"Risk of hospital admission for idiopathic venous thromboembolism among users of postmenopausal oestrogens","volume":"348","author":"Jick","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7083","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.314.7083.796","article-title":"Hormone replacement therapy and risk of venous thromboembolism: population based case-control study","volume":"314","author":"Perez","year":"1997","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009461","article-title":"Hormone replacement therapy and the risk of hospitalization for venous thromboembolism: a population-based study in southern Europe","volume":"147","author":"Varas-Lorenzo","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03550060053030","article-title":"Venous thromboembolic events associated with hormone replacement therapy","volume":"278","author":"Grady","year":"1997","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib93","first-page":"1218","article-title":"Hormone replacement therapy with estradiol and risk of venous thromboembolism\u2014a population-based case-control study","volume":"82","author":"Hoibraaten","year":"1999","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.292.13.1581","article-title":"Esterified estrogens and conjugated equine estrogens and the risk of venous thrombosis","volume":"292","author":"Smith","year":"2004","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"9382","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14066-4","article-title":"Differential association of oral and transdermal oestrogen-replacement therapy with venous thromboembolism risk","volume":"362","author":"Scarabin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.292.13.1573","article-title":"Estrogen plus progestin and risk of venous thrombosis","volume":"292","author":"Cushman","year":"2004","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib97","first-page":"961","article-title":"Increased risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism during hormone replacement therapy: results of the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled estrogen in venous thromboembolism trial (EVTET)","volume":"84","author":"Hoibraaten","year":"2000","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0007-1048.2002.03356.x","article-title":"Hormonal replacement therapy, prothrombotic mutations and the risk of venous thrombosis","volume":"116","author":"Rosendaal","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000018301.91721.94","article-title":"Factor V Leiden, hormone replacement therapy, and risk of venous thromboembolic events in women with coronary disease","volume":"22","author":"Herrington","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.3.321","article-title":"Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results from the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial","volume":"288","author":"Rossouw","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.280.7.605","article-title":"Randomized trial of estrogen plus progestin for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. Heart and Estrogen\/progestin Replacement Study (HERS) Research Group","volume":"280","author":"Hulley","year":"1998","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.1.49","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease outcomes during 6.8 years of hormone therapy: Heart and Estrogen\/progestin Replacement Study follow-up (HERS II)","volume":"288","author":"Grady","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"9350","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2001","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)12001-0","article-title":"Oestrogen therapy for prevention of reinfarction in postmenopausal women: a randomised placebo controlled trial","volume":"360","author":"Cherry","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000019853.06725.5A","article-title":"Hormone replacement therapy, prothrombotic mutations, and the risk of incident nonfatal ischemic stroke in postmenopausal women","volume":"22","author":"Lemaitre","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.7.906","article-title":"Hormone replacement therapy, prothrombotic mutations, and the risk of incident nonfatal myocardial infarction in postmenopausal women","volume":"285","author":"Psaty","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2001.03081.x","article-title":"Internal jugular vein thrombosis after assisted conception therapy","volume":"115","author":"Arya","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a137461","article-title":"Does ovarian stimulation for in-vitro fertilization induce a hypercoagulable state?","volume":"6","author":"Aune","year":"1991","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8588(05)70143-X","article-title":"Thromboembolic complications associated with reproductive endocrinologic procedures","volume":"14","author":"Baumann","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hematol Oncol Clin North Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)54499-9","article-title":"Internal jugular vein thrombosis after ovulation induction with gonadotropins","volume":"56","author":"Fournet","year":"1991","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/10.1.94","article-title":"Risk of thromboembolism in relation to an in-vitro fertilization programme: three case reports","volume":"10","author":"Aurousseau","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(97)81498-7","article-title":"Bilateral internal jugular venous thrombosis complicating severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome after prophylactic albumin administration","volume":"68","author":"Moutos","year":"1997","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-2115(02)00511-0","article-title":"Bilateral internal jugular venous thrombosis following successful assisted conception in the absence of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome","volume":"109","author":"Ulug","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)57446-9","article-title":"Massive deep vein thrombosis in a patient with antithrombin III deficiency undergoing ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization","volume":"63","author":"Kligman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"}],"container-title":["Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889854506000520?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889854506000520?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,19]],"date-time":"2020-04-19T17:59:39Z","timestamp":1587319179000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0889854506000520"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]},"references-count":113,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0889854506000520"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.05.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0889-8545"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0889-8545","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]}}}