{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T20:33:22Z","timestamp":1768250002753,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,1]],"date-time":"2014-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1393632000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,2]],"date-time":"2014-02-02T16:39:16Z","timestamp":1391359156000},"page":"113-132","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"William H.","family":"Kutteh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Candace D.","family":"Hinote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(16)32527-3","article-title":"Decidual vasculopathy and extensive placental infarction in a patient with repeated thromboembolic accidents, recurrent fetal loss, and a lupus anticoagulant","volume":"142","author":"DeWolf","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod53.4.905","article-title":"Monoclonal antiphosphatidylserine antibody inhibits intercellular fusion of the choriocarcinoma line, JAR","volume":"53","author":"Adler","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod56.1.50","article-title":"Monoclonal antibody against phosphatidylserine inhibits in\u00a0vitro human trophoblastic hormone production and invasion","volume":"56","author":"Katsuragawa","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2004.07.978","article-title":"Antiphospholipid antibodies prevent extravillous trophoblast differentiation","volume":"83","author":"Quenby","year":"2005","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1161\/hh0102.102795","article-title":"Molecular pathogenesis of the antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"11","author":"Rand","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-2243(91)90021-C","article-title":"Histopathological findings in placentae from patients with intrauterine fetal death and antiphospholipid antibodies","volume":"41","author":"Out","year":"1991","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.1999.tb00087.x","article-title":"Antiphospholipid antibodies and reproduction: the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome","volume":"41","author":"Kutteh","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib8","series-title":"Recurrent pregnancy loss","author":"Schust","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.med.54.101601.152412","article-title":"The antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"54","author":"Rand","year":"2003","journal-title":"Annu Rev Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03540430061034","article-title":"Antiphospholipid antibody","volume":"277","author":"Lockshin","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-198911000-00003","article-title":"Antiphospholipid antibodies and the antiphospholipid syndrome in systemic lupus erythematosus. A prospective analysis of 500 consecutive patients","volume":"68","author":"Alarc\u00f3n-Segovia","year":"1989","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)56159-7","article-title":"Association of anticardiolipin antibodies and pregnancy loss in women with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"60","author":"Kutteh","year":"1993","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2006.01753.x","article-title":"International consensus statement on an update of the classification criteria for definite antiphospholipid syndrome (APS)","volume":"4","author":"Miyakis","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/26.5.324","article-title":"Syndrome of the black swan","volume":"26","author":"Harris","year":"1986","journal-title":"Br J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000423816.39542.0f","article-title":"Antiphospholipid syndrome. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Practice Bulletin Number 118","volume":"120","author":"Branch","year":"2012","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib16","first-page":"372","article-title":"Clinical consequences of antiphospholipid antibodies: an historic cohort study","volume":"83","author":"Silver","year":"1994","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1097\/00001721-199601000-00004","article-title":"Sensitivity of the activated partial thromboplastin time, the dilute Russell\u2019s viper venom time, and the Kaolin clotting time for the detection of the lupus anticoagulant: a direct comparison using plasma dilutions","volume":"7","author":"Martin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2009.03555.x","article-title":"Update on the guidelines for lupus anticoagulant detection","volume":"7","author":"Pengo","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(83)91267-9","article-title":"Anticardiolipin antibodies:detection by radioimmunoassay and association with thrombosis in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"2","author":"Harris","year":"1983","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200001)43:1<140::AID-ANR18>3.0.CO;2-P","article-title":"Antiphospholipid antibodies affect\u00a0trophoblast gonadotrophin secretion and invasiveness by binding directly and through adhered beta-2 glycoprotein-1","volume":"43","author":"Di Simone","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.1992.tb00773.x","article-title":"Immune recognition at the maternal-fetal interface: overview","volume":"28","author":"McIntyre","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1653871","article-title":"Synchronized inhibition of the phospholipid mediated autoactivation of factor XII in plasma by beta-2 glycoprotein-1 and anti-beta-2 glycoprotein-1","volume":"73","author":"Schousboe","year":"1995","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)58565-3","article-title":"Antiphospholipid antibody panels and Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: Prevalence of anticardiolipin antibodies compared with other antiphospholipid antibodies","volume":"66","author":"Yetman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2981","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/17.11.2981","article-title":"Antiphospholipid antibodies (APA) and Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: Treating a unique APA positive population","volume":"17","author":"Franklin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Human Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2010.05674.x","article-title":"Coagulation disorders in pregnancy: acquired and inherited thrombophilias","volume":"1205","author":"Benedetto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-199409000-00016","article-title":"Recurrent miscarriage epidemiologic factors, definitions, and incidence","volume":"37","author":"Hatasaka","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2012.06.048","article-title":"Evaluation and treatment of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss","volume":"98","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.01.166","article-title":"Diagnostic factors identified in 1020 women with two verses three or more recurrent pregnancy losses","volume":"93","author":"Jaslow","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0b013e3283327fc5","article-title":"Recurrent first trimester pregnancy loss: revised definitions and novel causes","volume":"16","author":"Allison","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-2115(00)00404-8","article-title":"Antiphospholipid syndrome and recurrent miscarriages","volume":"96","author":"Vinatier","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2010.03747.x","article-title":"Observational study of pregnant women with a previous spontaneous abortion before the 10th gestation week with and without antiphospholipid antibodies","volume":"8","author":"Chaleur","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2010.511339","article-title":"Contribution of the addition of anti-beta 2-glycoprotein to the classification of antiphospholipid syndrome in predicting adverse pregnancy outcome","volume":"24","author":"Oron","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2009.07.011","article-title":"Mechanisms of antiphospholipid antibody-associated pregnancy complications","volume":"124","author":"Abrahams","year":"2009","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181deba40","article-title":"Heparin treatment in antiphospholipid syndrome with recurrent pregnancy loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"115","author":"Ziakas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0b013e328344c3f7","article-title":"Heparin or aspirin or both in the treatment of recurrent abortions in women with antiphospholipid antibody (syndrome)","volume":"23","author":"Hoppe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1999.tb08208.x","article-title":"Pregnancy complications in women with recurrent miscarriage associated with antiphospholipid antibodies treated with low dose aspirin and heparin","volume":"106","author":"Backos","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(03)00363-6","article-title":"Antiphospholipid syndrome: obstetric diagnosis, management, and controversies","volume":"101","author":"Branch","year":"2003","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2005.05847.x","article-title":"Thrombophilia in pregnancy; a systematic review","volume":"132","author":"Robertson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-2115(01)00496-1","article-title":"How strong is the association between maternal thrombophilia and adverse pregnancy outcome? A systematic review","volume":"101","author":"Alfirevic","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2008.03.012","article-title":"Laboratory classification categories and pregnancy outcome in patients with primary antiphospholipid syndrome prescribed antithrombotic therapy","volume":"123","author":"Ruffatti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1097\/GRF.0b013e3181eb658c","article-title":"Thrombophilias and stillbirth","volume":"53","author":"Werner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-9-11","article-title":"Elevated antiphospholipid antibody titers and adverse pregnancy outcomes: analysis of a population-based hospital dataset","volume":"9","author":"Nodler","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181fe02ec","article-title":"Association of anticardiolipin antibodies with pre-eclampsia","volume":"116","author":"do Prado","year":"2010","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1270341","article-title":"Antiphospholipid syndrome and pre-eclampsia","volume":"37","author":"Heilmann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Semin Thromb Hemost"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib45","first-page":"614","article-title":"Outcome of treated pregnancies in women with antiphospholipid syndrome: an update of the Utah experience","volume":"80","author":"Branch","year":"1992","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(92)91596-3","article-title":"Repeated fetal losses associated with antiphospholipid antibodies: a collaborative randomized trial comparing prednisone with low-dose aspirin treatment","volume":"166","author":"Cowchock","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199707173370302","article-title":"Prednisone and aspirin in women with autoantibodies and unexplained recurrent fetal loss","volume":"337","author":"Laskin","year":"1997","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.1996.tb00501.x","article-title":"A\u00a0clinical trial for the treatment of antiphospholipid antibody associated recurrent pregnancy loss with lower dose heparin and aspirin","volume":"35","author":"Kutteh","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(01)01646-5","article-title":"Recurrent pregnancy loss with antiphospholipid antibody: a systematic review of therapeutic trials","volume":"99","author":"Empson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib50","first-page":"131","article-title":"A\u00a0study of sixty pregnancies in patients with the antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"14","author":"Lima","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(95)80015-8","article-title":"Prospective studies of the association between anticardiolipin antibody and outcome of pregnancy","volume":"86","author":"Yasuda","year":"1995","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"3 Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib52","first-page":"25","article-title":"European registry of infants born to mothers with antiphospholipid syndrome: preliminary results","volume":"62","author":"Motta","year":"2010","journal-title":"Minerva Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra002974","article-title":"The antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"346","author":"Levine","year":"2002","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1080\/0891693031000067278","article-title":"Pregnancy complications of the antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"36","author":"Tincani","year":"2003","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1097\/00002281-200109000-00006","article-title":"Pathogenic mechanisms mediating antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"13","author":"Meroni","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(11)90700-5","article-title":"Immunoglobulin G fraction from patients with antiphospholipid antibodies caused fetal death in BALB\/c mice: a model for autoimmune fetal loss","volume":"63","author":"Branch","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3069","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.8.3069","article-title":"Induction of antiphospholipid syndrome in naive mice with mouse lupus monoclonal and human polyclonal anti-cardiolipin antibodies","volume":"88","author":"Blank","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U\u00a0S\u00a0A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1191\/0961203303lu405oa","article-title":"The effects of antiphospholipid antibodies obtained from women with SLE\/APS and associated pregnancy loss on rat embryos and placental explants in culture","volume":"2","author":"Ornoy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780310307","article-title":"Lupus pregnancy. A prospective study of placental changes","volume":"31","author":"Hanly","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(96)90377-9","article-title":"Placental changes in a first trimester missed abortion in maternal systemic lupus erythematosus with antiphospholipid syndrome: a case report and review of literature","volume":"27","author":"Nayar","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000170645.40562.09","article-title":"Thrombotic risk factors in primary antiphospholipid syndrome: a 5-year prospective study","volume":"36","author":"Turiel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10130","article-title":"Antiphospholipid antibodies induced in mice by immunization with a cytomegalovirus-derived peptide cause thrombosis and activation of endothelial cells in\u00a0vivo","volume":"46","author":"Gharavi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1827","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-02-0441","article-title":"Lupus anticoagulants are stronger risk\u00a0factors for thrombosis than anticardiolipin antibodies in the antiphospholipid syndrome: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"101","author":"Galli","year":"2003","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(93)90408-B","article-title":"The effect of immunoglobulin G fractions from patients with lupus anticoagulant on placental prostacyclin and thromboxane production","volume":"169","author":"Peaceman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198605013141817","article-title":"Inhibition of protein C activation by endothelial cells in the presence of lupus anticoagulant","volume":"314","author":"Cariou","year":"1986","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780240115","article-title":"Low functional and high antigenic antithrombin III level in a patient with the lupus anticoagulant and recurrent thrombosis","volume":"24","author":"Cosgriff","year":"1981","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(96)70453-2","article-title":"A\u00a0model for the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome: monoclonal antiphosphatidylserine antibody induces intrauterine growth restriction in mice","volume":"174","author":"Vogt","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gah058","article-title":"Effect of beta2-glycoprotein I null mutation on reproductive outcome and antiphospholipid antibody-mediated pregnancy pathology in mice","volume":"10","author":"Robertson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9150(99)00496-7","article-title":"beta(2)-glycoprotein I deficiency: prevalence, genetic background and effects on plasma lipoprotein metabolism and hemostasis","volume":"152","author":"Yasuda","year":"2000","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203310361485","article-title":"The annexin A5-mediated pathogenic mechanism in the antiphospholipid syndrome: role in pregnancy losses and thrombosis","volume":"19","author":"Rand","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199707173370303","article-title":"Pregnancy loss in the antiphospholipid-antibody syndrome\u2013a possible thrombogenic mechanism","volume":"337","author":"Rand","year":"1997","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib72","first-page":"26","article-title":"A\u00a0prospective, controlled multicenter study of the obstetric risks of pregnant women with antiphospholipid antibodies","volume":"167","author":"Out","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-994176","article-title":"Placental pathology and antiphospholipid antibodies: a descriptive study","volume":"14","author":"Salafia","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2000.02069.x","article-title":"Guidelines on the investigation and management of the antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"109","author":"Greaves","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/17.4.1067","article-title":"Defective endovascular trophoblast invasion in primary antiphospholipid antibody syndrome-associated early pregnancy failure","volume":"17","author":"Sebire","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/14.2.489","article-title":"Low-molecular weight heparin restores in-vitro trophoblast invasiveness and differentiation in presence of immunoglobulin G fractions obtained from patients with antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"14","author":"Di Simone","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6464","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.14.6464","article-title":"Anti-cardiolipin antibodies induce pregnancy failure by impairing embryonic implantation","volume":"90","author":"Sthoeger","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U\u00a0S\u00a0A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(01)03258-7","article-title":"Antiphospholipid antibodies regulate the expression of trophoblast cell adhesion molecules","volume":"77","author":"Di Simone","year":"2002","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1562","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.151.3.1562","article-title":"Susceptibility of human trophoblast to killing by human complement and the role of the complement regulatory proteins","volume":"151","author":"Tedesco","year":"1993","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1644","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200318817","article-title":"Complement C5a receptors and neutrophils mediate fetal injury in the antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"112","author":"Girardi","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.200116116","article-title":"Complement C3 activation is required for antiphospholipid antibody-induced fetal loss","volume":"195","author":"Holers","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1159\/000075690","article-title":"The role of complement in the antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"7","author":"Salmon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Dir Autoimmun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.1.485","article-title":"TNF-alpha is a critical effector and a target for therapy in antiphospholipid antibody induced pregnancy loss","volume":"174","author":"Berman","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1191\/0961203303lu399oa","article-title":"TNF\u03b1 DNA vaccination prevents clinical manifestations of experimental antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"12","author":"Blank","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203309360810","article-title":"Role of tissue factor in thrombosis in antiphospholipid antibody syndrome","volume":"19","author":"Boles","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1097\/OGX.0b013e3181c97809","article-title":"Is obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome a primary nonthrombotic, proinflammatory, complement-mediated disorder related to antiphospholipid antibodies?","volume":"65","author":"Alijotas-Reig","year":"2010","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Surv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2005.04.006","article-title":"The placental bed in pregnancies complicated by primary antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"27","author":"Stone","year":"2006","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2007.02.013","article-title":"Complement activation in anti-phospholipid syndrome: a clue for an inflammatory process?","volume":"28","author":"Cavazzana","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Autoimmun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1121","article-title":"Heparin prevents antiphospholipid antibody-induced fetal loss by inhibiting complement activation","volume":"10","author":"Girardi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1351.034","article-title":"Anti-\u03b2-2 GPI antibodies affect Bcl-2 and Bax trophoblast expression without evidence of apoptosis","volume":"1069","author":"Di Simone","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2006.04.001","article-title":"Low-molecular weight heparin induces in\u00a0vitro trophoblast invasiveness: role of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors","volume":"28","author":"Di Simone","year":"2007","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.1995.tb01133.x","article-title":"Interaction of heparin with antiphospholipid antibodies (ASA) from the sera of women with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL)","volume":"33","author":"Ermel","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4555","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(02)02520-6","article-title":"Effects of unfractionated and low molecular weight heparin on antiphospholipid anatibody binding in vitro","volume":"101","author":"Franklin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib94","first-page":"694","article-title":"Concomitant use of IVIG for treatment of the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) when ASA and heparin results in at least one adverse pregnancy outcome","volume":"11","author":"Stephenson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(96)70610-5","article-title":"Antiphospholipid antibody-associated recurrent pregnancy loss: treatment with heparin and low dose aspirin is superior to low dose aspirin alone","volume":"174","author":"Kutteh","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib96","first-page":"729","article-title":"Treatment of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) in pregnancy: a randomized pilot trial comparing low molecular weight heparin to unfractionated heparin","volume":"26","author":"Stephenson","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2004.11.002","article-title":"Antiphospholipid antibodies associated with recurrent pregnancy loss: prospective, multicenter, controlled pilot study comparing treatment with low-molecular-weight heparin versus unfractionated heparin","volume":"83","author":"Noble","year":"2005","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200106)44:6<1466::AID-ART242>3.0.CO;2-C","article-title":"High thrombosis rate after fetal loss in antiphospholipid syndrome: effective prophylaxis with aspirin","volume":"44","author":"Erkan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(00)01529-6","article-title":"Antiphospholipid antibodies in patients undergoing IVF: the data do not support testing","volume":"74","author":"Hornstein","year":"2000","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"}],"container-title":["Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889854513000910?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889854513000910?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]],"date-time":"2023-07-10T06:06:19Z","timestamp":1688969179000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0889854513000910"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"references-count":99,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0889854513000910"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.10.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0889-8545"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0889-8545","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]}}}