{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T03:34:27Z","timestamp":1784086467904,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]],"date-time":"2019-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551398400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]],"date-time":"2019-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551398400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,25]],"date-time":"2019-01-25T08:12:51Z","timestamp":1548403971000},"page":"125-135","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["Vulvar Cancer"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Weinberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo A.","family":"Gomez-Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008_bib1","unstructured":"Vulvar cancer - cancer stat facts. Available at: https:\/\/seer.cancer.gov\/statfacts\/html\/vulva.html. Accessed August 29, 2018."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2014.05.014","article-title":"Trends in incidence and survival of women with invasive vulvar cancer in the United States and Canada: a population-based study","volume":"134","author":"Akhtar-Danesh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008_bib3","series-title":"Clinically oriented anatomy","first-page":"1171","author":"Moore","year":"2013"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.LGT200570","article-title":"The lower anogenital squamous terminology standardization project for HPV-associated lesions: background and consensus recommendations from the College of American Pathologists and the American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology","volume":"136","author":"Darragh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000001285","article-title":"The 2015 International Society for the Study of Vulvovaginal Disease (ISSVD) terminology of vulvar squamous intraepithelial lesions","volume":"127","author":"Bornstein","year":"2016","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000187301.76283.7f","article-title":"Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia: aspects of the natural history and outcome in 405 women","volume":"106","author":"Jones","year":"2005","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000210268.57527.a1","article-title":"Trends in the incidence of invasive and in\u00a0situ vulvar carcinoma","volume":"107","author":"Judson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.03.016","article-title":"In situ and invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva in Denmark 1978-2007-a nationwide population-based study","volume":"122","author":"Baandrup","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480573","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/480573","article-title":"A\u00a0clinical and pathological overview of vulvar condyloma acuminatum, intraepithelial neoplasia, and squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"2014","author":"L\u00e9onard","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1136\/jclinpath-2013-202117","article-title":"An update on vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia: terminology and a practical approach to diagnosis","volume":"67","author":"Reyes","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Pathol"},{"issue":"Suppl 5","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.07.055","article-title":"Global burden of human papillomavirus and related diseases","volume":"30","author":"Forman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djp534","article-title":"Impact of human papillomavirus (HPV)-6\/11\/16\/18 vaccine on all HPV-associated genital diseases in young women","volume":"102","author":"Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Natl Cancer Inst"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e173","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002052","article-title":"Committee opinion no. 704: human papillomavirus vaccination","volume":"129","year":"2017","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix244","article-title":"Prevalence of human papillomavirus among females after vaccine introduction-national health and nutrition examination survey, United States, 2003-2014","volume":"216","author":"Oliver","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Infect Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2014.07.010","article-title":"Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia","volume":"28","author":"Preti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2012.07.118","article-title":"Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN 2\/3): comparing clinical outcomes and evaluating risk factors for recurrence","volume":"127","author":"Wallbillich","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(85)90470-3","article-title":"Improved laser techniques for the elimination of genital and extragenital warts","volume":"153","author":"Baggish","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008_bib18","article-title":"Medical and surgical interventions for the treatment of usual-type vulval intraepithelial neoplasia","author":"Lawrie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2007.06.003","article-title":"Topical imiquimod can reverse vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia: a randomised, double-blinded study","volume":"107","author":"Mathiesen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa072685","article-title":"Treatment of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia with topical imiquimod","volume":"358","author":"van Seters","year":"2008","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2012.09.020","article-title":"Treatment of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia with topical 5% imiquimod cream","volume":"120","author":"Westermann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Gyneacol Obstet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2012.04.002","article-title":"Vulvar and vaginal cancer","volume":"39","author":"Carter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2061","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-09-0209","article-title":"The etiologic role of HPV in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma fine tuned","volume":"18","author":"van de Nieuwenhof","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2016.02.015","article-title":"Squamous precursor lesions of the vulva: current classification and diagnostic challenges","volume":"48","author":"Hoang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pathology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1097\/LGT.0000000000000186","article-title":"Vulvar lichen sclerosus and neoplastic transformation: a retrospective study of 976 cases","volume":"20","author":"Micheletti","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Low Genit Tract Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-012-0006-4","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of lichen sclerosus: an update","volume":"14","author":"Fistarol","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2010.09997.x","article-title":"British Association of Dermatologists\u2019 guidelines for the management of lichen sclerosus 2010","volume":"163","author":"Neill","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2014.07.001","article-title":"Key concepts in management of vulvar cancer","volume":"28","author":"Zweizig","year":"2014","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.2147\/IJWH.S68979","article-title":"Vulvar cancer: epidemiology, clinical presentation, and management options","volume":"7","author":"Alkatout","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Womens Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008_bib30","first-page":"71","article-title":"Histologic predictive factors. Therapeutic impact in vulvar cancer","volume":"39","author":"G\u00f3mez Rueda","year":"1994","journal-title":"J\u00a0Reprod Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-012-2683-x","article-title":"Prognostic factors and a value of 2009 FIGO staging system in vulvar cancer","volume":"287","author":"Sznurkowski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2009.02.012","article-title":"Revised FIGO staging for carcinoma of the vulva, cervix, and endometrium","volume":"105","author":"Pecorelli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2014.02.003","article-title":"FIGO staging for carcinoma of the vulva, cervix, and corpus uteri","volume":"125","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008_bib34","article-title":"NCCN guidelines index table of contents discussion","volume":"53","author":"Koh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Squamous Cell Carcinoma"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008_bib35","first-page":"973","article-title":"Report of the ISSVD terminology committee","volume":"31","author":"Wilkinson","year":"1986","journal-title":"J\u00a0Reprod Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2012.06.005","article-title":"Impact of the new FIGO 2009 staging classification for vulvar cancer on prognosis and stage distribution","volume":"127","author":"Tabbaa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2014.12.013","article-title":"Survival outcomes for patients with stage IVB vulvar cancer with grossly positive pelvic lymph nodes: time to reconsider the FIGO staging system?","volume":"136","author":"Thaker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1006\/gyno.1993.1127","article-title":"Prognostic factors for groin node metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva (a Gynecologic Oncology Group study)","volume":"49","author":"Homesley","year":"1993","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1006\/gyno.1999.5638","article-title":"Squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva stage IA: long-term results","volume":"76","author":"Magrina","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e318159a2cb","article-title":"Stage IA vulvar squamous cell carcinoma: an analysis of tumor invasive characteristics and risk","volume":"32","author":"Yoder","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2013.02.033","article-title":"Low yield of residual vulvar carcinoma and dysplasia upon re-excision for close or positive margins","volume":"129","author":"Ioffe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(03)00536-4","article-title":"Risk of occult inguinofemoral lymph node metastasis from squamous carcinoma of the vulva","volume":"57","author":"Gonzalez Bosquet","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2005.03.006","article-title":"Long-term survival and disease recurrence in patients with primary squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva","volume":"97","author":"Gonzalez Bosquet","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(96)70654-3","article-title":"Sites of failure and times to failure in carcinoma of the vulva treated conservatively: a Gynecologic Oncology Group study","volume":"174","author":"Stehman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008_bib45","article-title":"Primary groin irradiation versus primary groin surgery for early vulvar cancer","author":"van der Velden","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2007.02.014","article-title":"Patterns of inguinal groin metastases in squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva","volume":"105","author":"Gonzalez Bosquet","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-015-3932-6","article-title":"The number of removed lymph nodes by inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy: impact on recurrence rates in patients with vulva carcinoma","volume":"294","author":"Diehl","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1006\/gyno.1994.1087","article-title":"Conservative and individualized surgery for early squamous carcinoma of the vulva: the treatment of choice for stage I and II (T1-2N0-1M0) disease","volume":"53","author":"Farias-Eisner","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1006\/gyno.1995.1152","article-title":"T2\/3 vulva cancer: a case-control study of triple incision versus en bloc radical vulvectomy and inguinal lymphadenectomy","volume":"57","author":"Siller","year":"1995","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/dju426","article-title":"Adjuvant therapy in lymph node-positive vulvar cancer: the AGO-CaRE-1 study","volume":"107","author":"Mahner","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Natl Cancer Inst"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2015.03.056","article-title":"Impact of adjuvant chemotherapy with radiation for node-positive vulvar cancer: a National Cancer Data Base (NCDB) analysis","volume":"137","author":"Gill","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-015-2060-9","article-title":"Adjuvant radiotherapy for vulvar cancer with close or positive surgical margins","volume":"142","author":"Ignatov","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cancer Res Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"31","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3786","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.41.2528","article-title":"Lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node biopsy in women with squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva: a gynecologic oncology group study","volume":"30","author":"Levenback","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2012.11.034","article-title":"Is bilateral lymphadenectomy for midline squamous carcinoma of the vulva always necessary? An analysis from Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) 173","volume":"128","author":"Coleman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2009.03.035","article-title":"Sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with gynecologic cancers expert panel statement from the International Sentinel Node Society Meeting, February 21, 2008","volume":"114","author":"Levenback","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2015.09.077","article-title":"Sentinel nodes in\u00a0vulvar cancer: Long-term follow-up of the GROningen INternational Study on Sentinel nodes in Vulvar cancer (GROINSS-V) I","volume":"140","author":"Te Grootenhuis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(10)70104-2","article-title":"Size of sentinel-node metastasis and chances of non-sentinel-node involvement and survival in early stage vulvar cancer: results from GROINSS-V, a multicentre observational study","volume":"11","author":"Oonk","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(98)00193-X","article-title":"Preoperative chemoradiation for advanced vulvar cancer: a phase II study of the Gynecologic Oncology Group","volume":"42","author":"Moore","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(00)00762-8","article-title":"Preoperative chemo-radiation for carcinoma of the vulva with N2\/N3 nodes: a gynecologic oncology group study","volume":"48","author":"Montana","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.11.003","article-title":"A\u00a0phase II trial of radiation therapy and weekly cisplatin chemotherapy for the treatment of locally-advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva: a gynecologic oncology group study","volume":"124","author":"Moore","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adro.2017.02.006","article-title":"Intensity modulated radiation therapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva: Treatment technique and outcomes","volume":"2","author":"Rao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2016.07.007","article-title":"Risk factors and treatment for recurrent vulvar squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"106","author":"Nooij","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit Rev Oncol Hematol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2017.03.022","article-title":"An update on post-treatment surveillance and diagnosis of recurrence in women with gynecologic malignancies: Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) recommendations","volume":"146","author":"Salani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1097\/IGC.0000000000000637","article-title":"Should groin recurrence still be considered as a palliative situation in vulvar cancer patients?: A brief report","volume":"26","author":"Frey","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.007","article-title":"Malignant melanoma of the vulva: an extension of cutaneous melanoma?","volume":"122","author":"Moxley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2014.08.019","article-title":"Vulvar nevi, melanosis, and melanoma: an epidemiologic, clinical, and histopathologic review","volume":"71","author":"Murzaku","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1097\/IGC.0b013e3182980ffb","article-title":"Vulvar\/vaginal melanoma: an updated surveillance epidemiology and end results database review, comparison with cutaneous melanoma and significance of racial disparities","volume":"23","author":"Mert","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008_bib68","unstructured":"Clinician\u2019s update on the benign, premalignant, and malignant skin tumours of the vulva: the dermatologist\u2019s view. - PubMed - NCBI. Available at: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/28812059. August 30, 2018."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2016.0101","article-title":"NCCN guidelines insights: melanoma, version 3.2018","volume":"14","author":"Coit","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Natl Compr Canc Netw"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1097\/igc.0000000000001131","article-title":"Invasive paget disease of the vulva","volume":"28","author":"Borghi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Cancer"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1053\/hupa.2002.124788","article-title":"Vulvar Paget disease of urothelial origin: a report of three cases and a proposed classification of vulvar Paget disease","volume":"33","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.12.960","article-title":"Mohs micrographic surgery for extramammary Paget disease: a pooled analysis of individual patient data","volume":"68","author":"Bae","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2012.01.032","article-title":"Treatment outcomes in a large cohort of patients with invasive Extramammary Paget\u2019s disease","volume":"125","author":"Karam","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"}],"container-title":["Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889854518300962?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889854518300962?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T10:18:20Z","timestamp":1760177900000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0889854518300962"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0889854518300962"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0889-8545"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0889-8545","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Vulvar Cancer","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.09.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}