{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T14:46:11Z","timestamp":1793544371532,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2022.07.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,31]],"date-time":"2022-10-31T17:05:34Z","timestamp":1667235934000},"page":"713-733","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":102,"title":["Maternal Mortality in Low and Middle-Income Countries"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Emma R.","family":"Lawrence","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas J.","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Titus K.","family":"Beyuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2022.07.001_bib1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Trends in maternal mortality 2000 to 2017: estimates by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group and the United Nations Population Division. 2019;CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2022.07.001_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e323","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(14)70227-X","article-title":"Global causes of maternal death: a WHO systematic analysis","volume":"2","author":"Say","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2022.07.001_bib3","author":"Maternal mortality"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2022.07.001_bib4","author":"New global targets to prevent maternal deaths"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2022.07.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002351","article-title":"American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Postpartum hemorrhage. Practice Bulletin No. 183","volume":"130","year":"2017","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2022.07.001_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.04.013","article-title":"Postpartum hemorrhage: new insights for definition and diagnosis","volume":"219","author":"Borovac-Pinheiro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2022.07.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1513247","article-title":"Postpartum Hemorrhage","volume":"384","author":"Bienstock","year":"2021","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2022.07.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2012.03.001","article-title":"International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics. Prevention and treatment of postpartum hemorrhage in low-resource settings","volume":"117","author":"Lalonde","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2022.07.001_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prevention and Management of Postpartum Haemorrhage: Green-top Guideline No. 52. BJOG. 2017;124(5):e106\u2013e149.Pubmed Partial Author stitle Page","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.14178"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2022.07.001_bib10","article-title":"Active versus expectant management for women in the third stage of labour","volume":"2","author":"Begley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2022.07.001_bib11","article-title":"Methods for blood loss estimation after vaginal birth","volume":"9","author":"Diaz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2022.07.001_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e57594","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0057594","article-title":"A\u00a0systematic review of the relationship between blood loss and clinical signs","volume":"8","author":"Pacagnella","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"10084","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2022.07.001_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2105","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30638-4","article-title":"Effect of early tranexamic acid administration on mortality, hysterectomy, and other morbidities in women with post-partum haemorrhage (WOMAN): an international, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"389","author":"Shakur","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2022.07.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.12406","article-title":"FIGO Placenta Accreta Diagnosis and Management Expert Consensus Panel. FIGO consensus guidelines on placenta accreta spectrum disorders: Introduction","volume":"140","author":"Jauniaux","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2022.07.001_bib15","series-title":"Antepartum Haemorrhage: Green\u2013top Guideline No. 63. Green\u2013top Guideline","author":"Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists","year":"2011"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2022.07.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.09.007","volume":"105","author":"Qin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2022.07.001_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000219750.79480.84","article-title":"Maternal morbidity associated with multiple repeat cesarean deliveries","volume":"107","author":"Silver","year":"2006","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2022.07.001_bib18","first-page":"e1","article-title":"Placenta Praevia and Placenta Accreta: Diagnosis and Management: Green-top Guideline No. 27a","volume":"126","author":"Jauniaux","year":"2019","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2022.07.001_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.7863\/ultra.33.4.691","article-title":"Outcomes of pregnancies with a low-lying placenta diagnosed on second-trimester sonography","volume":"33","author":"Heller","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Ultrasound Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2022.07.001_bib20","first-page":"10","article-title":"Diagnostic Performance of Ultrasonography for Detection of Abruption and Its Clinical Correlation and Maternal and Foetal Outcome","author":"Shinde","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Diagn Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2022.07.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e35","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000004447","article-title":"Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine. Medically Indicated Late-Preterm and Early-Term Deliveries: ACOG Committee Opinion, Number 831","volume":"138","year":"2021","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2022.07.001_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38.e1-6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2011.01.040","article-title":"Predictors of massive blood loss in women with placenta accreta","volume":"205","author":"Wright","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2022.07.001_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1111\/ajo.12149","article-title":"Maternal outcome after conservative management of placenta percreta at caesarean section: a report of three cases and a review of the literature","volume":"54","author":"Pather","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2022.07.001_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2013.05.005","article-title":"Global and regional estimates of preeclampsia and eclampsia: a systematic review","volume":"170","author":"Abalos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2022.07.001_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e237","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000003891","article-title":"Gestational hypertension and preeclampsia: ACOG Practice Bulletin, number 222","volume":"135","author":"American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists\u2019 Committee on Practice Bulletins-Obstetrics","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2022.07.001_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2016.09.076","article-title":"The role of aspirin dose on the prevention of preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"216","author":"Roberge","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2022.07.001_bib29","article-title":"Calcium supplementation during pregnancy for preventing hypertensive disorders and related problems","author":"Justus Hofmeyr","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"9321","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2022.07.001_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08778-0","article-title":"Do women with pre-eclampsia, and their babies, benefit from magnesium sulphate? The Magpie Trial: a randomised placebo-controlled trial","volume":"359","author":"Altman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"8963","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2022.07.001_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)91034-4","article-title":"The Eclampsia Trial Collaborative Group. Which anticonvulsant for women with eclampsia? Evidence from the Collaborative Eclampsia Trial","volume":"345","year":"1995","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2022.07.001_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.14400","article-title":"Clinical practice patterns on the use of magnesium sulphate for treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia: a multi-country survey","volume":"124","author":"Long","year":"2017","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2022.07.001_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-13-34","article-title":"An integrative review of the side effects related to the use of magnesium sulfate for pre-eclampsia and eclampsia management","volume":"13","author":"Smith","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2022.07.001_bib35","first-page":"CD001449","article-title":"Drugs for treatment of very high blood pressure during pregnancy","author":"Duley","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2022.07.001_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002984","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002984","article-title":"Incidence of maternal peripartum infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Woodd","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plos Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2022.07.001_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-017-0321-6","article-title":"Towards a consensus definition of maternal sepsis: results of a systematic review and expert consultation","volume":"14","author":"Bonet","year":"2017","journal-title":"Reprod Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2022.07.001_bib38","series-title":"Maternal and infant deaths: Chasing Millennium development Goals 4 and 5","first-page":"131","article-title":"Puerperal sepsis in low- and middle-income settings: past, present and future","author":"Hussein","year":"2014"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2022.07.001_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000001246","article-title":"Evaluation and Management of Women and Newborns With a Maternal Diagnosis of Chorioamnionitis: Summary of a Workshop","volume":"127","author":"Higgins","year":"2016","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2022.07.001_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.21.285945","article-title":"Maternal mortality: near-miss events in middle-income countries, a systematic review","volume":"99","author":"Heitkamp","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"issue":"52","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2022.07.001_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.09.101","article-title":"Postpartum endometritis and infection following incomplete or complete abortion: Case definition & guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of maternal immunization safety data","volume":"37","author":"Rouse","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2022.07.001_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2020.09.044","article-title":"Garcia S\u00e1nchez \u00c1J. Management of clinical chorioamnionitis: an evidence-based approach","volume":"223","author":"Conde-Agudelo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2022.07.001_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e119","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30064-1","article-title":"Prevention of malaria in pregnancy","volume":"18","author":"Desai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2022.07.001_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e710","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(14)70330-4","article-title":"Tuberculosis in pregnancy: an estimate of the global burden of disease","volume":"2","author":"Sugarman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2022.07.001_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.14408","article-title":"Maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity associated with tuberculosis during pregnancy and the postpartum period: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"124","author":"Sobhy","year":"2017","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2022.07.001_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2016.08.009","article-title":"Medical and obstetric outcomes among pregnant women with tuberculosis: a population-based study of 7.8 million births","volume":"215","author":"El-Messidi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2022.07.001_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32835fd940","article-title":"The contribution of HIV to pregnancy-related mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"27","author":"Calvert","year":"2013","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2022.07.001_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2014.05.024","article-title":"HIV and maternal mortality","volume":"127","author":"Lathrop","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2022.07.001_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e111421","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0111421","article-title":"A\u00a0systematic review of individual and contextual factors affecting ART initiation, adherence, and retention for HIV-infected pregnant and postpartum women","volume":"9","author":"Hodgson","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2022.07.001_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1152","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(20)30315-6","article-title":"Unintended pregnancy and abortion by income, region, and the legal status of abortion: estimates from a comprehensive model for 1990\u20132019","volume":"8","author":"Bearak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2022.07.001_bib56","unstructured":"Jones, W. H, Rock, A. J. Te Linde\u2019s Operative Gynecology.; 2015."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2022.07.001_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e197","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002899","article-title":"American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists\u2019 Committee on Practice Bulletins\u2014Gynecology. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 200: Early Pregnancy Loss","volume":"132","year":"2018","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2022.07.001_bib60","unstructured":"Mark Landon, Henry Galan, Eric Jauniaux, Deborah Driscoll, Vincenzo Berghella, William Grobman, Sarah Kilpatrick, Alison Cahill. Gabbe\u2019s Obstetrics: Normal and Problem Pregnancies. (Elsevier, ed.).; 2020."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2022.07.001_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2015.11.011","article-title":"Obstetrical venous thromboembolism: Epidemiology and strategies for prophylaxis","volume":"40","author":"Friedman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2022.07.001_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002706","article-title":"ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 196: Thromboembolism in Pregnancy","volume":"132","author":"American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists\u2019 Committee on Practice Bulletins\u2014Obstetrics","year":"2018","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2022.07.001_bib63","author":"Thrombosis and Embolism during Pregnancy and the Puerperium"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2022.07.001_bib64","author":"Overview | Ectopic pregnancy and miscarriage"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2022.07.001_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2019-053999","article-title":"Pregnancy and fertility-related adverse outcomes associated with Chlamydia trachomatis infection: a global systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"96","author":"Tang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2022.07.001_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e241","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000001815","article-title":"Ultrasound in pregnancy. Practice bulletin No. 175. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists","volume":"128","year":"2016","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2022.07.001_bib67","first-page":"4443117","article-title":"Ectopic Pregnancy in Tigray, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Prevalence, Management Outcomes, and Associated Factors","volume":"2021","author":"Berhe","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pregnancy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2022.07.001_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-13-86","article-title":"The impact of tubal ectopic pregnancy in Papua New Guinea\u2013a retrospective case review","volume":"13","author":"Hamura","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2022.07.001_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1074","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(19)30165-2","article-title":"Does facility birth reduce maternal and perinatal mortality in Brong Ahafo, Ghana? A secondary analysis using data on 119 244 pregnancies from two cluster-randomised controlled trials","volume":"7","author":"Gabrysch","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2022.07.001_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2018.05397","article-title":"In Low- And Middle-Income Countries, Is Delivery In High-Quality Obstetric Facilities Geographically Feasible?","volume":"38","author":"Gage","year":"2019","journal-title":"Health Aff"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2022.07.001_bib71","author":"Powell"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2022.07.001_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1196","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30386-3","article-title":"High-quality health systems in the Sustainable Development Goals era: time for a revolution","volume":"6","author":"Kruk","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2022.07.001_bib73","article-title":"Delivery care: Millions of births occur annually without any assistance from a skilled attendant despite recent progress","year":"2018","journal-title":"UNICEF DATA"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2022.07.001_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000287064.63051.1c","article-title":"Who will be there when women deliver? Assuring retention of obstetric providers","volume":"110","author":"Anderson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2022.07.001_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.17121","article-title":"Obstetric Capacity Strengthening in Ghana Results in Wide Geographic Distribution and Retention of Certified Obstetrician-Gynecologists: A Quantitative Analysis","author":"Kekulawala","year":"2022","journal-title":"BJOG"}],"container-title":["Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889854522000559?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889854522000559?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T10:26:52Z","timestamp":1760178412000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0889854522000559"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0889854522000559"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ogc.2022.07.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0889-8545"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0889-8545","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Maternal Mortality in Low and Middle-Income Countries","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ogc.2022.07.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}