{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T01:47:10Z","timestamp":1790646430512,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]],"date-time":"2020-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003407","name":"Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005010","name":"Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005010","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Therapy - Methods & Clinical Development"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2020.05.023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,21]],"date-time":"2020-05-21T21:49:29Z","timestamp":1590097769000},"page":"62-72","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Liver-Specific siRNA-Mediated Stat3 or C3 Knockdown Improves the Outcome of Experimental Autoimmune Myocarditis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Lidia","family":"Avalle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Marino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annalisa","family":"Camporeale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Guglielmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Viavattene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvio","family":"Bandini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Conti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Cimino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Forni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Zanini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Ghigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roman L.","family":"Bogorad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Cavallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Provero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Koteliansky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Poli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2020.05.023_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2616","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehr165","article-title":"The management of myocarditis","volume":"32","author":"Schultheiss","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2020.05.023_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-9842(02)00010-7","article-title":"Circulating cardiac autoantibodies in dilated cardiomyopathy and myocarditis: pathogenetic and clinical significance","volume":"4","author":"Caforio","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur. J. Heart Fail."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2020.05.023_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehp249","article-title":"Randomized study on the efficacy of immunosuppressive therapy in patients with virus-negative inflammatory cardiomyopathy: the TIMIC study","volume":"30","author":"Frustaci","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2020.05.023_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2636","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht210","article-title":"Current state of knowledge on aetiology, diagnosis, management, and therapy of myocarditis: a position statement of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases","volume":"34","author":"Caforio","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2020.05.023_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3806","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.148.12.3806","article-title":"In\u00a0vivo deposition of myosin-specific autoantibodies in the hearts of mice with experimental autoimmune myocarditis","volume":"148","author":"Neumann","year":"1992","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2020.05.023_bib6","first-page":"175","article-title":"Animal models for autoimmune myocarditis and autoimmune thyroiditis","volume":"102","author":"Cih\u00e1kov\u00e1","year":"2004","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2020.05.023_bib7","series-title":"Myocarditis","first-page":"111","article-title":"Autoimmune myocarditis: animal models","author":"Poli","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2020.05.023_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.12134","article-title":"Control of inflammatory heart disease by CD4+ T\u00a0cells","volume":"1285","author":"Barin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. N Y Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2020.05.023_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470942390.mo100130","article-title":"Echocardiography in Mice","volume":"1","author":"Gao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Protoc. Mouse Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2020.05.023_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000043802.38699.66","article-title":"Interleukin-6-deficient mice resist development of autoimmune myocarditis associated with impaired upregulation of complement C3","volume":"107","author":"Eriksson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2020.05.023_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2009.09.012","article-title":"Alternatively activated macrophages in infection and autoimmunity","volume":"33","author":"Fairweather","year":"2009","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Autoimmun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2020.05.023_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1038\/90686","article-title":"Contribution of the innate immune system to autoimmune myocarditis: a role for complement","volume":"2","author":"Kaya","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2020.05.023_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2006.01.001","article-title":"TGFbeta in the context of an inflammatory cytokine milieu supports de novo differentiation of IL-17-producing T\u00a0cells","volume":"24","author":"Veldhoen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2020.05.023_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4313","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.7.4313","article-title":"Cutting edge: An in\u00a0vivo requirement for STAT3 signaling in TH17 development and TH17-dependent autoimmunity","volume":"179","author":"Harris","year":"2007","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2020.05.023_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1646","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.109.213157","article-title":"Interleukin-17A is dispensable for myocarditis but essential for the progression to dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"106","author":"Baldeviano","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2020.05.023_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2311","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201142209","article-title":"Cooperation of Th1 and Th17 cells determines transition from autoimmune myocarditis to dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"42","author":"Nindl","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2020.05.023_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1002\/emmm.201201876","article-title":"STAT3 activity is necessary and sufficient for the development of immune-mediated myocarditis in mice and promotes progression to dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"5","author":"Camporeale","year":"2013","journal-title":"EMBO Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2020.05.023_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6909","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.10.6909","article-title":"The role of complement in cryoglobulin-induced immune complex glomerulonephritis","volume":"175","author":"Trendelenburg","year":"2005","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2020.05.023_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2435","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)39817-5","article-title":"Deficiency of the murine fifth complement component (C5). A 2-base pair gene deletion in a 5\u2032-exon","volume":"265","author":"Wetsel","year":"1990","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2020.05.023_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1419","article-title":"Generation of C5a in the absence of C3: a new complement activation pathway","volume":"12","author":"Huber-Lang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2020.05.023_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06179","article-title":"Effective RNAi-mediated gene silencing without interruption of the endogenous microRNA pathway","volume":"449","author":"John","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2020.05.023_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2009.36","article-title":"Development of lipidoid-siRNA formulations for systemic delivery to the liver","volume":"17","author":"Akinc","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2020.05.023_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11133","article-title":"Rab5 is necessary for the biogenesis of the endolysosomal system in\u00a0vivo","volume":"485","author":"Zeigerer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2020.05.023_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2019.00048","article-title":"Cardio-Immunology of Myocarditis: Focus on Immune Mechanisms and Treatment Options","volume":"6","author":"Maisch","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2020.05.023_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1006780","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1006780","article-title":"Genetic compensation: A phenomenon in search of mechanisms","volume":"13","author":"El-Brolosy","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2020.05.023_bib26","first-page":"517","article-title":"Acute phase response in animals: a review","volume":"59","author":"Cray","year":"2009","journal-title":"Comp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2020.05.023_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.180.4.1243","article-title":"Defective inflammatory response in interleukin 6-deficient mice","volume":"180","author":"Fattori","year":"1994","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2020.05.023_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.21.5.1621-1632.2001","article-title":"Essential role of STAT3 in the control of the acute-phase response as revealed by inducible gene inactivation [correction of activation] in the liver","volume":"21","author":"Alonzi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2020.05.023_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2306","DOI":"10.2741\/4054","article-title":"IL-6, IL-17 and STAT3: a holy trinity in auto-immunity?","volume":"17","author":"Camporeale","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2020.05.023_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/s00395-007-0674-z","article-title":"Survival pathways in hypertrophy and heart failure: the gp130-STAT axis","volume":"102","author":"Fischer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Basic Res. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2020.05.023_bib31","first-page":"613","article-title":"FDA approves landmark RNAi drug","volume":"17","author":"Mullard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2020.05.023_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2015.12.006","article-title":"Targeting transcription factors by small compounds--Current strategies and future implications","volume":"107","author":"Hagenbuchner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2020.05.023_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-12-0429","article-title":"First-in-humans trial of an RNA interference therapeutic targeting VEGF and KSP in cancer patients with liver involvement","volume":"3","author":"Tabernero","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2020.05.023_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2014.06.031","article-title":"The complement system in human cardiometabolic disease","volume":"61","author":"Hertle","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2020.05.023_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00262","article-title":"Complement System Part I - Molecular Mechanisms of Activation and Regulation","volume":"6","author":"Merle","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2020.05.023_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2558","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-09-2840","article-title":"Constitutively active Stat3 enhances neu-mediated migration and metastasis in mammary tumors via upregulation of Cten","volume":"70","author":"Barbieri","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2020.05.023_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2849","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200636484","article-title":"Neutralization of IL-17 by active vaccination inhibits IL-23-dependent autoimmune myocarditis","volume":"36","author":"Sonderegger","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2020.05.023_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1864","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0910603106","article-title":"Lipid-like materials for low-dose, in\u00a0vivo gene silencing","volume":"107","author":"Love","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2020.05.023_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11915","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0805434105","article-title":"Therapeutic RNAi targeting PCSK9 acutely lowers plasma cholesterol in rodents and LDL cholesterol in nonhuman primates","volume":"105","author":"Frank-Kamenetsky","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2020.05.023_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2795(75)90222-6","article-title":"Purification of cardiac myosin. Application to hypertrophied myocardium","volume":"393","author":"Shiverick","year":"1975","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"}],"container-title":["Molecular Therapy - Methods & Clinical Development"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2329050120301108?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2329050120301108?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T09:28:03Z","timestamp":1762421283000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2329050120301108"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["S2329050120301108"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.omtm.2020.05.023","relation":{},"ISSN":["2329-0501"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2329-0501","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Liver-Specific siRNA-Mediated Stat3 or C3 Knockdown Improves the Outcome of Experimental Autoimmune Myocarditis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Molecular Therapy - Methods & Clinical Development","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.omtm.2020.05.023","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 The Author(s).","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}