{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T14:39:04Z","timestamp":1780411144637,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]],"date-time":"2017-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504224000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]],"date-time":"2017-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504224000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,29]],"date-time":"2017-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1498694400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2015R1D1A1A01061026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2015R1D1A1A01061026"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Therapy - Nucleic Acids"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,3]],"date-time":"2017-07-03T12:18:50Z","timestamp":1499084330000},"page":"250-263","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Anti-fibrotic Effects of Synthetic Oligodeoxynucleotide for TGF-\u03b21 and Smad in an Animal Model of Liver Cirrhosis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Jung-Yeon","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun-Jin","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Woon-Hae","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mi-Gyeong","family":"Gwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyemin","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoon-Yub","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwan-Kyu","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2011.02.005","article-title":"Mechanisms of hepatic fibrogenesis","volume":"25","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.03.003","article-title":"Mechanisms of hepatic fibrogenesis","volume":"134","author":"Friedman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1828","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199306243282508","article-title":"Seminars in medicine of the Beth Israel Hospital, Boston. The cellular basis of hepatic fibrosis. Mechanisms and treatment strategies","volume":"328","author":"Friedman","year":"1993","journal-title":"N.\u00a0Engl. J.\u00a0Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-927387","article-title":"Mouse models of liver fibrosis","volume":"45","author":"Weiler-Normann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Z.\u00a0Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2010.02205.x","article-title":"Hypoxia stimulates hepatocyte epithelial to mesenchymal transition by hypoxia-inducible factor and transforming growth factor-beta-dependent mechanisms","volume":"30","author":"Copple","year":"2010","journal-title":"Liver Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm1835","article-title":"Complex networks orchestrate epithelial-mesenchymal transitions","volume":"7","author":"Thiery","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0123233","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0123233","article-title":"Trps1 regulates biliary epithelial-mesenchymal transition and has roles during biliary fibrosis in liver grafts: a preliminary study","volume":"10","author":"Zhe","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2014.05.089","article-title":"Apamin inhibits hepatic fibrosis through suppression of transforming growth factor \u03b21-induced hepatocyte epithelial-mesenchymal transition","volume":"450","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2016.04.024","article-title":"Glutamine inhibits CCl4 induced liver fibrosis in mice and TGF-beta1 mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition in mouse hepatocytes","volume":"93","author":"Shrestha","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1159\/000374098","article-title":"Hepatic fibrosis: emerging therapies","volume":"33","author":"Friedman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dig. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-016-1190-4","article-title":"Hepatic sinusoids in liver injury, inflammation, and fibrosis: new pathophysiological insights","volume":"51","author":"Greuter","year":"2016","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2011.53","article-title":"Liver fibrosis: mechanisms of immune-mediated liver injury","volume":"9","author":"Xu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00013.2007","article-title":"Hepatic stellate cells: protean, multifunctional, and enigmatic cells of the liver","volume":"88","author":"Friedman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1089\/oli.2007.0097","article-title":"Bioconjugation of oligonucleotides for treating liver fibrosis","volume":"17","author":"Ye","year":"2007","journal-title":"Oligonucleotides"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI24282","article-title":"Liver fibrosis","volume":"115","author":"Bataller","year":"2005","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.28457","article-title":"Transforming growth factor beta and the liver","volume":"34","author":"Bissell","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1021\/mp9000469","article-title":"TGF-beta1 gene silencing for treating liver fibrosis","volume":"6","author":"Cheng","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.5858\/2007-131-1728-HSCALF","article-title":"Hepatic stellate cells and liver fibrosis","volume":"131","author":"Moreira","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022_bib19","first-page":"27","article-title":"Hepatic fibrosis\u2014role of hepatic stellate cell activation","volume":"4","author":"Safadi","year":"2002","journal-title":"MedGenMed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2015.10.002","article-title":"Identification of cromolyn sodium as an anti-fibrotic agent targeting both hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells","volume":"102","author":"Choi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(01)02655-2","article-title":"TGFbeta1 in liver fibrosis: time to change paradigms?","volume":"502","author":"Bauer","year":"2001","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022_bib22","first-page":"3459","article-title":"TGF-\u00df1 antisense impacts the SMAD signalling system in fibroblasts from keloid scars","volume":"30","author":"Bran","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anticancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158547","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/158547","article-title":"Cell signals influencing hepatic fibrosis","volume":"2012","author":"Cong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.3892\/br.2016.578","article-title":"Epithelial-mesenchymal transition in liver fibrosis","volume":"4","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomed. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.3181\/0707-MR-190","article-title":"Mechanisms of fibrogenesis","volume":"233","author":"Kisseleva","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1038\/370341a0","article-title":"Mechanism of activation of the TGF-beta receptor","volume":"370","author":"Wrana","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1038\/35043051","article-title":"How cells read TGF-beta signals","volume":"1","author":"Massagu\u00e9","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.25349","article-title":"The role of Smad3 in mediating mouse hepatic stellate cell activation","volume":"34","author":"Schnabl","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2443.2002.00599.x","article-title":"Two major Smad pathways in TGF-beta superfamily signalling","volume":"7","author":"Miyazawa","year":"2002","journal-title":"Genes Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2003.12.006","article-title":"TGF-beta-induced SMAD signaling and gene regulation: consequences for extracellular matrix remodeling and wound healing","volume":"35","author":"Schiller","year":"2004","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Dermatol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1038\/39369","article-title":"Identification of Smad7, a TGFbeta-inducible antagonist of TGF-beta signalling","volume":"389","author":"Nakao","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.2217\/bmm.09.79","article-title":"Biomarkers in systemic sclerosis","volume":"4","author":"Castro","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biomarkers Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.2119\/molmed.2009.00153","article-title":"Hypertrophic scarring and keloids: pathomechanisms and current and emerging treatment strategies","volume":"17","author":"Gauglitz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.4103\/1319-3767.45072","article-title":"Reversal of liver fibrosis","volume":"15","author":"Ismail","year":"2009","journal-title":"Saudi J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14696","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i40.14696","article-title":"Small RNA- and DNA-based gene therapy for the treatment of liver cirrhosis, where we are?","volume":"20","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pharmtox.010909.105654","article-title":"RNA targeting therapeutics: molecular mechanisms of antisense oligonucleotides as a therapeutic platform","volume":"50","author":"Bennett","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.052208.151733","article-title":"Biochemical principles of small RNA pathways","volume":"79","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI11459","article-title":"Therapeutic applications of transcription factor decoy oligonucleotides","volume":"106","author":"Mann","year":"2000","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e156","DOI":"10.1038\/mtna.2014.7","article-title":"Targeting TGF-\u03b2 signaling by antisense oligonucleotide-mediated knockdown of TGF-\u03b2 type I receptor","volume":"3","author":"Kemaladewi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. Nucleic Acids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-012-0972-2","article-title":"The inhibitory effect of chimeric decoy oligodeoxynucleotide against NF-\u03baB and Sp1 in renal interstitial fibrosis","volume":"91","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Mol. Med. (Berl.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-012-1209-5","article-title":"Hepatic stellate cells\u2014the pericytes in the liver","volume":"465","author":"Hellerbrand","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1089\/hum.2013.106","article-title":"Inhibitory effect of nuclear factor-\u03baB decoy oligodeoxynucleotide on liver fibrosis through regulation of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition","volume":"25","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum. Gene Ther."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S38","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(02)00429-4","article-title":"Liver fibrosis\u2014from bench to bedside","volume":"38","author":"Friedman","year":"2003","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-7258(01)00133-4","article-title":"Antisense oligonucleotides in cutaneous therapy","volume":"90","author":"Wraight","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2008.174","article-title":"Challenges and opportunities for local and systemic delivery of siRNA and antisense oligonucleotides","volume":"84","author":"Sepp-Lorenzino","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2555","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00363","article-title":"Lipid-albumin nanoparticles (LAN) for therapeutic delivery of antisense oligonucleotide against HIF-1\u03b1","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1163\/156856208786052326","article-title":"Mechanistic analysis of macrophage response to IRAK-1 gene knockdown by a smart polymer-antisense oligonucleotide therapeutic","volume":"19","author":"Johns","year":"2008","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Biomater. Sci. Polym. Ed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022_bib48","first-page":"73","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2000.01183.x","article-title":"Therapeutic effect of intracolonically administered nuclear factor kappa B (p65) antisense oligonucleotide on mouse dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis","volume":"120","author":"Murano","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2004.00463.x","article-title":"In\u00a0vivo transfection of NF-kappaB decoy oligodeoxynucleotides attenuate renal ischemia\/reperfusion injury in rats","volume":"65","author":"Cao","year":"2004","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.11.011","article-title":"Transcriptional regulation of NF-kappaB by ring type decoy oligodeoxynucleotide in an animal model of nephropathy","volume":"86","author":"Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.12029","article-title":"Effects of chimeric decoy oligodeoxynucleotide in the regulation of transcription factors NF-\u03baB and Sp1 in an animal model of atherosclerosis","volume":"112","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e318246a390","article-title":"Regression of intracranial aneurysms by simultaneous inhibition of nuclear factor-\u03baB and Ets with chimeric decoy oligodeoxynucleotide treatment","volume":"70","author":"Aoki","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2012.443","article-title":"A dual AP-1 and SMAD decoy ODN suppresses tissue fibrosis and scarring in mice","volume":"133","author":"Yuan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2823","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms3823","article-title":"Fate tracing reveals hepatic stellate cells as dominant contributors to liver fibrosis independent of its aetiology","volume":"4","author":"Mederacke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1002\/path.3981","article-title":"Endocytic collagen degradation: a novel mechanism involved in protection against liver fibrosis","volume":"227","author":"Madsen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21268","article-title":"Loss of MMP 13 attenuates murine hepatic injury and fibrosis during cholestasis","volume":"44","author":"Uchinami","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2014.08.006","article-title":"TGF-\u03b21-elevated TRPM7 channel regulates collagen expression in hepatic stellate cells via TGF-\u03b21\/Smad pathway","volume":"280","author":"Fang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e90571","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0090571","article-title":"Hepatocyte produced matrix metalloproteinases are regulated by CD147 in liver fibrogenesis","volume":"9","author":"Calabro","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2011.07002.x","article-title":"What\u2019s new in liver fibrosis? The origin of myofibroblasts in liver fibrosis","volume":"27","author":"Iwaisako","year":"2012","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1369\/0022155415627681","article-title":"TGF-beta\/SMAD pathway and its regulation in hepatic fibrosis","volume":"64","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Histochem. Cytochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1833","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114643","article-title":"Cellular distribution of transforming growth factor-beta 1 and procollagen types I, III, and IV transcripts in carbon tetrachloride-induced rat liver fibrosis","volume":"85","author":"Nakatsukasa","year":"1990","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/S1499-3872(12)60210-0","article-title":"Organ fibrosis inhibited by blocking transforming growth factor-\u03b2 signaling via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor \u03b3 agonists","volume":"11","author":"Deng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hepatobiliary Pancreat. Dis. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.26.2.654-667.2006","article-title":"Deletion of Smad2 in mouse liver reveals novel functions in hepatocyte growth and differentiation","volume":"26","author":"Ju","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10055","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M409381200","article-title":"SMAD and p38 MAPK signaling pathways independently regulate alpha1(I) collagen gene expression in unstimulated and transforming growth factor-beta-stimulated hepatic stellate cells","volume":"280","author":"Tsukada","year":"2005","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1038\/37284","article-title":"TGF-beta signalling from\u00a0cell membrane to nucleus through SMAD proteins","volume":"390","author":"Heldin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(03)00666-8","article-title":"Smad7 prevents activation of hepatic stellate cells and liver fibrosis in rats","volume":"125","author":"Dooley","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-008-8091-0","article-title":"Inflammatory pathways in liver homeostasis and liver injury","volume":"36","author":"Tacke","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Rev. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2016.3","article-title":"Liver immunology and its role in inflammation and homeostasis","volume":"13","author":"Robinson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2012.09.014","article-title":"Cytokine mediated tissue fibrosis","volume":"1832","author":"Borthwick","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2034","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26754","article-title":"Macrophage plasticity and polarization in liver homeostasis and pathology","volume":"59","author":"Sica","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022_bib72","first-page":"344","article-title":"Cellular and molecular functions of hepatic stellate cells in inflammatory responses and liver immunology","volume":"3","author":"Weiskirchen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatobiliary Surg. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1002\/jgm.1355","article-title":"Antifibrotic effect through the regulation of transcription factor using ring type-Sp1 decoy oligodeoxynucleotide in carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis","volume":"11","author":"Park","year":"2009","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Gene Med."}],"container-title":["Molecular Therapy - Nucleic Acids"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2162253117302093?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2162253117302093?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T01:24:53Z","timestamp":1761873893000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2162253117302093"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"references-count":73,"alternative-id":["S2162253117302093"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022","relation":{},"ISSN":["2162-2531"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2162-2531","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Anti-fibrotic Effects of Synthetic Oligodeoxynucleotide for TGF-\u03b21 and Smad in an Animal Model of Liver Cirrhosis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Molecular Therapy - Nucleic Acids","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.06.022","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 The Authors.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}