{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T20:07:43Z","timestamp":1793909263601,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":229,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010563","name":"Baillet Latour Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010563","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007660","name":"University of Antwerp","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007660","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"Research Foundation Flanders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011851","name":"Kom op tegen kanker","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011851","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Therapy Nucleic Acids"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T16:32:28Z","timestamp":1782318748000},"page":"102994","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Advances in ex vivo mRNA-based gene transfer for cell-based cancer immunotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Florian","family":"Van Oers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoi","family":"Katana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4899-8300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donovan","family":"Flumens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Lion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Campillo-Davo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13030396","article-title":"The Ins and Outs of Messenger RNA Electroporation for Physical Gene Delivery in Immune Cell-Based Therapy","volume":"13","author":"Campillo-Davo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V98.1.49","article-title":"Highly efficient gene delivery by mRNA electroporation in human hematopoietic cells: superiority to lipofection and passive pulsing of mRNA and to electroporation of plasmid cDNA for tumor antigen loading of dendritic cells","volume":"98","author":"Van Tendeloo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1898","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2403463","article-title":"RNA-based gene transfer for adult stem cells and T cells","volume":"18","author":"Smits","year":"2004","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2004.07.017","article-title":"Side-by-side comparison of lentivirally transduced and mRNA-electroporated dendritic cells: implications for cancer immunotherapy protocols","volume":"10","author":"Dullaers","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2015.07.009","article-title":"Evading innate immunity in nonviral mRNA delivery: don't shoot the messenger","volume":"21","author":"Devoldere","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Discov. Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4161\/21624011.2014.963424","article-title":"Trial watch: Dendritic cell-based anticancer therapy","volume":"3","author":"Bloy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2017.1386829","article-title":"Trial watch: Dendritic cell-based anticancer immunotherapy","volume":"6","author":"Garg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e257","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(13)70585-0","article-title":"Clinical use of dendritic cells for cancer therapy","volume":"15","author":"Anguille","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cgt.7700499","article-title":"Efficient genetic modification of murine dendritic cells by electroporation with mRNA","volume":"9","author":"Van Meirvenne","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer Gene Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.08.072","article-title":"Modification of CEA with both CRT and TAT PTD induces potent anti-tumor immune responses in RNA-pulsed DC vaccination","volume":"26","author":"Kim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics12020092","article-title":"Therapeutic Cancer Vaccination with Ex Vivo RNA-Transfected Dendritic Cells-An Update","volume":"12","author":"D\u00f6rrie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-62703-260-5_8","article-title":"Programming human dendritic cells with mRNA","volume":"969","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3135","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830271209","article-title":"Pro-inflammatory cytokines and prostaglandins induce maturation of potent immunostimulatory dendritic cells under fetal calf serum-free conditions","volume":"27","author":"Jonuleit","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2008.77","article-title":"Enhancing the T-cell stimulatory capacity of human dendritic cells by co-electroporation with CD40L, CD70 and constitutively active TLR4 encoding mRNA","volume":"16","author":"Bonehill","year":"2008","journal-title":"Molecular Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-6481-9_11","article-title":"Adjuvant-Enhanced mRNA Vaccines","volume":"1499","author":"Bialkowski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-0345-0_1","article-title":"Single-step antigen loading and maturation of dendritic cells through mRNA electroporation of a tumor-associated antigen and a TriMix of costimulatory molecules","volume":"1139","author":"Benteyn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-3625-0_18","article-title":"mRNA Electroporation of Dendritic Cells with WT1, Survivin, and TriMix (a Mixture of caTLR4, CD40L, and CD70)","volume":"1428","author":"Coosemans","year":"2016","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1976","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1201008","article-title":"Modulation of regulatory T cell function by monocyte-derived dendritic cells matured through electroporation with mRNA encoding CD40 ligand, constitutively active TLR4, and CD70","volume":"191","author":"Pen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3366","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-08-2982","article-title":"Single-step antigen loading and activation of dendritic cells by mRNA electroporation for the purpose of therapeutic vaccination in melanoma patients","volume":"15","author":"Bonehill","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2019-000329","article-title":"TriMix and tumor antigen mRNA electroporated dendritic cell vaccination plus ipilimumab: link between T-cell activation and clinical responses in advanced melanoma","volume":"8","author":"De Keersmaecker","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1111523","article-title":"An mRNA mix redirects dendritic cells towards an antiviral program, inducing anticancer cytotoxic stem cell and central memory CD8(+) T cells","volume":"14","author":"de Mey","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2589","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-020-02618-4","article-title":"A randomized controlled phase II clinical trial on mRNA electroporated autologous monocyte-derived dendritic cells (TriMixDC-MEL) as adjuvant treatment for stage III\/IV melanoma patients who are disease-free following the resection of macrometastases","volume":"69","author":"Jansen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Immunother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-11-2957","article-title":"Preclinical evaluation of TriMix and antigen mRNA-based antitumor therapy","volume":"72","author":"Van Lint","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1097\/CJI.0b013e318183db02","article-title":"Cytokine maturation followed by CD40L mRNA electroporation results in a clinically relevant dendritic cell product capable of inducing a potent proinflammatory CTL response","volume":"31","author":"Calderhead","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Immunother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5296","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.8.5296","article-title":"Priming of a novel subset of CD28+ rapidly expanding high-avidity effector memory CTL by post maturation electroporation-CD40L dendritic cells is IL-12 dependent","volume":"181","author":"DeBenedette","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2012.11","article-title":"Dendritic cells loaded with mRNA encoding full-length tumor antigens prime CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in melanoma patients","volume":"20","author":"Van Nuffel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.2217\/fon.12.125","article-title":"Dendritic cell-based vaccines: barriers and opportunities","volume":"8","author":"Cintolo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Future Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6649","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.11.6649","article-title":"Messenger RNA-electroporated dendritic cells presenting MAGE-A3 simultaneously in HLA class I and class II molecules","volume":"172","author":"Bonehill","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3798","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.6.3798","article-title":"Telomerase mRNA-transfected dendritic cells stimulate antigen-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cell responses in patients with metastatic prostate cancer","volume":"174","author":"Su","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/952184","article-title":"Electroporated Antigen-Encoding mRNA Is Not a Danger Signal to Human Mature Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells","volume":"2015","author":"Hoyer","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.114.009456","article-title":"Dendritic Cells as Pharmacological Tools for Cancer Immunotherapy","volume":"67","author":"Anguille","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-3625-0_7","article-title":"Engineering WT1-Encoding mRNA to Increase Translational Efficiency in Dendritic Cells","volume":"1428","author":"Benteyn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-3338-9_3","article-title":"Generation and Cryopreservation of Clinical Grade Wilms' Tumor 1 mRNA-Loaded Dendritic Cell Vaccines for Cancer Immunotherapy","volume":"1393","author":"Smits","year":"2016","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/mtna.2013.54","article-title":"Design of an Optimized Wilms' Tumor 1 (WT1) mRNA Construct for Enhanced WT1 Expression and Improved Immunogenicity In Vitro and In Vivo","volume":"2","author":"Benteyn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. Nucleic Acids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13824","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1008051107","article-title":"Induction of complete and molecular remissions in acute myeloid leukemia by Wilms' tumor 1 antigen-targeted dendritic cell vaccination","volume":"107","author":"Van Tendeloo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-04-780155","article-title":"Dendritic cell vaccination as postremission treatment to prevent or delay relapse in acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"130","author":"Anguille","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2019.03.565","article-title":"Vaccination of cancer patients with dendritic cells electroporated with mRNA encoding the wilms' tumor 1 protein (WT1): correlation of clinical effect and overall survival with T-cell response","volume":"21","author":"Berneman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-077613","article-title":"Adjuvant Wilms' tumour 1-specific dendritic cell immunotherapy complementing conventional therapy for paediatric patients with high-grade glioma and diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma: protocol of a monocentric phase I\/II clinical trial in Belgium","volume":"14","author":"Van Genechten","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-025-01661-x","article-title":"WT1-mRNA dendritic cell vaccination of patients with glioblastoma multiforme, malignant pleural mesothelioma, metastatic breast cancer, and other solid tumors: type 1 T-lymphocyte responses are associated with clinical outcome","volume":"18","author":"Berneman","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2021005941","article-title":"Langerhans dendritic cell vaccine bearing mRNA-encoded tumor antigens induces antimyeloma immunity after autotransplant","volume":"6","author":"Chung","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2927","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-08-3920","article-title":"In situ expression of tumor antigens by messenger RNA-electroporated dendritic cells in lymph nodes of melanoma patients","volume":"69","author":"Schuurhuis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.785231","article-title":"A One-Armed Phase I Dose Escalation Trial Design: Personalized Vaccination with IKK\u03b2-Matured, RNA-Loaded Dendritic Cells for Metastatic Uveal Melanoma","volume":"13","author":"Koch","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-008-0626-y","article-title":"Polyinosinic polycytidylic acid prevents efficient antigen expression after mRNA electroporation of clinical grade dendritic cells","volume":"58","author":"Schuurhuis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Immunother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cgt.7700622","article-title":"Induction of Influenza Matrix Protein 1 and MelanA-specific T lymphocytes in vitro using mRNA-electroporated dendritic cells","volume":"10","author":"Tuyaerts","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer Gene Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2011.06778.x","article-title":"Human dendritic cells transfected with amplified MUC1 mRNA stimulate cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses against pancreatic cancer in vitro","volume":"26","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1097\/CJI.0000000000000071","article-title":"Efficient nontoxic delivery of PD-L1 and PD-L2 siRNA into dendritic cell vaccines using the cationic lipid SAINT-18","volume":"38","author":"Roeven","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Immunother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1097\/CJI.0b013e3181987c22","article-title":"Efficient activation of LRH-1-specific CD8+ T-cell responses from transplanted leukemia patients by stimulation with P2X5 mRNA-electroporated dendritic cells","volume":"32","author":"Overes","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Immunother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-012-1334-1","article-title":"Improving dendritic cell vaccine immunogenicity by silencing PD-1 ligands using siRNA-lipid nanoparticles combined with antigen mRNA electroporation","volume":"62","author":"Hobo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Immunother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.07.055","article-title":"Generation of CTL responses against pancreatic cancer in vitro using dendritic cells co-transfected with MUC4 and survivin RNA","volume":"31","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-0345-0_9","article-title":"Electroporation of dendritic cells with autologous total RNA from tumor material","volume":"1139","author":"Milano","year":"2014","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-10-261","article-title":"Induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes primed with tumor RNA-loaded dendritic cells in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: preliminary step for DC vaccine design","volume":"10","author":"Gholamin","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1089\/hum.2009.080","article-title":"Lumenal part of the DC-LAMP protein is not required for induction of antigen-specific T cell responses by means of antigen-DC-LAMP messenger RNA-electroporated dendritic cells","volume":"21","author":"De Keersmaecker","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum. Gene Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F1","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32834f33e8","article-title":"mRNA-based dendritic cell vaccination induces potent antiviral T-cell responses in HIV-1-infected patients","volume":"26","author":"Van Gulck","year":"2012","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1818","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-01-0339","article-title":"Efficient stimulation of HIV-1-specific T cells using dendritic cells electroporated with mRNA encoding autologous HIV-1 Gag and Env proteins","volume":"107","author":"Van Gulck","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000000272","article-title":"Induction of cytomegalovirus-specific T cell responses in healthy volunteers and allogeneic stem cell recipients using vaccination with messenger RNA-transfected dendritic cells","volume":"99","author":"Van Craenenbroeck","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-019-1541-1","article-title":"Clinical and immunological control of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by tolerogenic dendritic cells loaded with MOG-encoding mRNA","volume":"16","author":"Derdelinckx","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12020299","article-title":"Ribonucleic Acid Engineering of Dendritic Cells for Therapeutic Vaccination: Ready 'N Able to Improve Clinical Outcome?","volume":"12","author":"Willemen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-013-1481-z","article-title":"CD8(+) T-cell priming and boosting: more antigen-presenting DC, or more antigen per DC?","volume":"62","author":"Schaft","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Immunother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-3625-0_16","article-title":"Immune Monitoring Using mRNA-Transfected Dendritic Cells","volume":"1428","author":"Borch","year":"2016","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-3625-0_15","article-title":"Delivery of Synthetic mRNA Encoding FOXP3 Antigen into Dendritic Cells for Inflammatory Breast Cancer Immunotherapy","volume":"1428","author":"Devi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.05.055","article-title":"T Cells Engineered to Express a T-Cell Receptor Specific for Glypican-3 to Recognize and Kill Hepatoma Cells In Vitro and in Mice","volume":"149","author":"Dargel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1821","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.26209","article-title":"T cells raised against allogeneic HLA-A2\/CD20 kill primary follicular lymphoma and acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells","volume":"130","author":"Abrahamsen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/s12033-008-9071-6","article-title":"Studies on mRNA electroporation of immature and mature dendritic cells: effects on their immunogenic potential","volume":"40","author":"Met","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gt.3302471","article-title":"Electroporation of immature and mature dendritic cells: implications for dendritic cell-based vaccines","volume":"12","author":"Michiels","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gene Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/1975902","article-title":"Characterization of Interleukin-15-Transpresenting Dendritic Cells for Clinical Use","volume":"2017","author":"Van den Bergh","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-16-0336","article-title":"Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells with Silenced PD-1 Ligands and Transpresenting Interleukin-15 Stimulate Strong Tumor-Reactive T-cell Expansion","volume":"5","author":"Van den Bergh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44123","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.6536","article-title":"Transpresentation of interleukin-15 by IL-15\/IL-15Ralpha mRNA-engineered human dendritic cells boosts antitumoral natural killer cell activity","volume":"6","author":"Van den Bergh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms221910227","article-title":"A Chimeric IL-15\/IL-15R\u03b1 Molecule Expressed on NF\u03baB-Activated Dendritic Cells Supports Their Capability to Activate Natural Killer Cells","volume":"22","author":"Bosch","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3206","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-10-3944","article-title":"Enhancing the immunostimulatory function of dendritic cells by transfection with mRNA encoding OX40 ligand","volume":"105","author":"Dannull","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-007-0385-1","article-title":"Introduction of functional chimeric E\/L-selectin by RNA electroporation to target dendritic cells from blood to lymph nodes","volume":"57","author":"D\u00f6rrie","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Immunother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00394","article-title":"Dendritic Cells and Programmed Death-1 Blockade: A Joint Venture to Combat Cancer","volume":"9","author":"Versteven","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-015-1688-2","article-title":"Engineering monocyte-derived dendritic cells to secrete interferon-alpha enhances their ability to promote adaptive and innate anti-tumor immune effector functions","volume":"64","author":"Willemen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Immunother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2013.01.014","article-title":"Increased cytotoxic capacity of tumor antigen specific human T cells after in vitro stimulation with IL21 producing dendritic cells","volume":"74","author":"Turksma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1038\/gt.2013.80","article-title":"Interference with PD-L1\/PD-1 co-stimulation during antigen presentation enhances the multifunctionality of antigen-specific T cells","volume":"21","author":"Pen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gene Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v23.i5.817","article-title":"Dendritic cells engineered to secrete anti-DcR3 antibody augment cytotoxic T lymphocyte response against pancreatic cancer in vitro","volume":"23","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1038\/cgt.2009.39","article-title":"Dendritic cells engineered to secrete anti-GITR antibodies are effective adjuvants to dendritic cell-based immunotherapy","volume":"16","author":"Boczkowski","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Gene Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3553","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201141383","article-title":"Enhancement of anti-tumor immunity through local modulation of CTLA-4 and GITR by dendritic cells","volume":"41","author":"Pruitt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaa4967","article-title":"Adoptive cell transfer as personalized immunotherapy for human cancer","volume":"348","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2005.07.688","article-title":"High-efficiency transfection of primary human and mouse T lymphocytes using RNA electroporation","volume":"13","author":"Zhao","year":"2006","journal-title":"Molecular Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-005-0098-2","article-title":"A new way to generate cytolytic tumor-specific T cells: electroporation of RNA coding for a T cell receptor into T lymphocytes","volume":"55","author":"Schaft","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Immunother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6223","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0902055","article-title":"Minimal amino acid exchange in human TCR constant regions fosters improved function of TCR gene-modified T cells","volume":"184","author":"Sommermeyer","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6232","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0902047","article-title":"Selected murine residues endow human TCR with enhanced tumor recognition","volume":"184","author":"Bialer","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8878","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-06-1450","article-title":"Enhanced antitumor activity of murine-human hybrid T-cell receptor (TCR) in human lymphocytes is associated with improved pairing and TCR\/CD3 stability","volume":"66","author":"Cohen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3898","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-06-3986","article-title":"Enhanced antitumor activity of T cells engineered to express T-cell receptors with a second disulfide bond","volume":"67","author":"Cohen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21199","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.8385","article-title":"An optimized single chain TCR scaffold relying on the assembly with the native CD3-complex prevents residual mispairing with endogenous TCRs in human T-cells","volume":"7","author":"Knies","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.19095","article-title":"Domain-swapped T cell receptors improve the safety of TCR gene therapy","volume":"5","author":"Bethune","year":"2016","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5154","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-11-254078","article-title":"Coexpression of the T-cell receptor constant alpha domain triggers tumor reactivity of single-chain TCR-transduced human T cells","volume":"115","author":"Voss","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2503","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02503","article-title":"Efficient and Non-genotoxic RNA-Based Engineering of Human T Cells Using Tumor-Specific T Cell Receptors With Minimal TCR Mispairing","volume":"9","author":"Campillo-Davo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xpro.2023.102112","article-title":"One-step CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knockout of native TCR\u03b1\u03b2 genes in human T cells using RNA electroporation","volume":"4","author":"Flumens","year":"2023","journal-title":"STAR Protoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.3147","article-title":"Identification of human T-cell receptors with optimal affinity to cancer antigens using antigen-negative humanized mice","volume":"33","author":"Obenaus","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2824","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1100852","article-title":"Allogeneic HLA-A\u221702-restricted WT1-specific T cells from mismatched donors are highly reactive but show off-target promiscuity","volume":"187","author":"Falkenburg","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5845","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.9.5845","article-title":"High-affinity TCRs generated by phage display provide CD4+ T cells with the ability to recognize and kill tumor cell lines","volume":"179","author":"Zhao","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-01-478164","article-title":"Enhanced-affinity murine T-cell receptors for tumor\/self-antigens can be safe in gene therapy despite surpassing the threshold for thymic selection","volume":"122","author":"Schmitt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6116","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.9.6116","article-title":"Single and dual amino acid substitutions in TCR CDRs can enhance antigen-specific T cell functions","volume":"180","author":"Robbins","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2009.05.001","article-title":"A fast and robust method to clone and functionally validate T-cell receptors","volume":"346","author":"Birkholz","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6548","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.9.6548","article-title":"Gene transfer of tumor-reactive TCR confers both high avidity and tumor reactivity to nonreactive peripheral blood mononuclear cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes","volume":"177","author":"Johnson","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-08-1638","article-title":"Characterization of genetically modified T-cell receptors that recognize the CEA:691-699 peptide in the context of HLA-A2.1 on human colorectal cancer cells","volume":"15","author":"Parkhurst","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-017-3539-3","article-title":"RNA-transfection of gamma\/delta T cells with a chimeric antigen receptor or an alpha\/beta T-cell receptor: a safer alternative to genetically engineered alpha\/beta T cells for the immunotherapy of melanoma","volume":"17","author":"Harrer","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1080\/15384047.2015.1070981","article-title":"Generation of CD8(+) T cells expressing two additional T-cell receptors (TETARs) for personalised melanoma therapy","volume":"16","author":"H\u00f6fflin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Biol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-3625-0_19","article-title":"Redirecting T Cell Specificity Using T Cell Receptor Messenger RNA Electroporation","volume":"1428","author":"Koh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/mtna.2013.43","article-title":"A practical approach to immunotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma using T cells redirected against hepatitis B virus","volume":"2","author":"Koh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. Nucleic Acids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00010-17","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00010-17","article-title":"Hepatitis C Virus-Specific T Cell Receptor mRNA-Engineered Human T Cells: Impact of Antigen Specificity on Functional Properties","volume":"91","author":"Balasiddaiah","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2017.1302631","article-title":"T cell therapy targeting a public neoantigen in microsatellite instable colon cancer reduces in vivo tumor growth","volume":"6","author":"Inderberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-019-02356-2","article-title":"Preclinical assessment of transiently TCR redirected T cells for solid tumour immunotherapy","volume":"68","author":"Mensali","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Immunother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2021","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2024.04.009","article-title":"Transient TCR-based T cell therapy in a patient with advanced treatment-resistant MSI-high colorectal cancer","volume":"32","author":"Maggadottir","year":"2024","journal-title":"Molecular Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2019.1565236","article-title":"Transient redirection of T cells for adoptive cell therapy with telomerase-specific T helper cell receptors isolated from long term survivors after cancer vaccination","volume":"8","author":"Kyte","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9051264","article-title":"HLA-DPB1 Reactive T Cell Receptors for Adoptive Immunotherapy in Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation","volume":"9","author":"Klobuch","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-016-0329-3","article-title":"Interleukin-15 enhances the proliferation, stimulatory phenotype, and antitumor effector functions of human gamma delta T cells","volume":"9","author":"Van Acker","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0131477","article-title":"Transfer of mRNA Encoding Invariant NKT Cell Receptors Imparts Glycolipid Specific Responses to T Cells and gammadeltaT Cells","volume":"10","author":"Shimizu","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6177","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1400958","article-title":"Generation of TCR-engineered T cells and their use to control the performance of T cell assays","volume":"194","author":"Bidmon","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.mie.2019.05.010","article-title":"Generation of TCR-engineered reference cell samples to control T-cell assay performance","volume":"631","author":"Bidmon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2018.04.007","article-title":"Development of an RNA-based kit for easy generation of TCR-engineered lymphocytes to control T-cell assay performance","volume":"458","author":"Bidmon","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1602","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2016.146","article-title":"Feasibility and Safety of RNA-transfected CD20-specific Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells in Dogs with Spontaneous B Cell Lymphoma","volume":"24","author":"Panjwani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.3109\/14653249.2010.542461","article-title":"Transiently redirected T cells for adoptive transfer","volume":"13","author":"Alm\u00e5sbak","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1089\/hum.2018.145","article-title":"Purification of mRNA Encoding Chimeric Antigen Receptor Is Critical for Generation of a Robust T-Cell Response","volume":"30","author":"Foster","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum. Gene Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/bcj.2016.38","article-title":"Improved anti-leukemia activities of adoptively transferred T cells expressing bispecific T-cell engager in mice","volume":"6","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28911","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.5029","article-title":"Rigorous optimization and validation of potent RNA CAR T cell therapy for the treatment of common epithelial cancers expressing folate receptor","volume":"6","author":"Schutsky","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1089\/hum.2011.070","article-title":"Treatment of advanced leukemia in mice with mRNA engineered T cells","volume":"22","author":"Barrett","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum. Gene Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-14-0051","article-title":"Nature of tumor control by permanently and transiently modified GD2 chimeric antigen receptor T cells in xenograft models of neuroblastoma","volume":"2","author":"Singh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1089\/hum.2013.075","article-title":"Regimen-specific effects of RNA-modified chimeric antigen receptor T cells in mice with advanced leukemia","volume":"24","author":"Barrett","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum. Gene Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1089\/hum.2012.130","article-title":"Enhanced function of redirected human T cells expressing linker for activation of T cells that is resistant to ubiquitylation","volume":"24","author":"Kunii","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum. Gene Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.9b04246","article-title":"Ionizable Lipid Nanoparticle-Mediated mRNA Delivery for Human CAR T Cell Engineering","volume":"20","author":"Billingsley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2025.101428","article-title":"Magnetic bead-sensitized optoporation coupled with antibodies-based activation for mRNA CAR-T cell manufacturing","volume":"33","author":"Maldonado-P\u00e9rez","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. Methods Clin. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3748","DOI":"10.1039\/D1LC00219H","article-title":"mRNA-based CAR T-cells manufactured by miniaturized two-step electroporation produce selective cytotoxicity toward target cancer cells","volume":"21","author":"Jayasooriya","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2021.03.002","article-title":"A novel non-viral delivery method that enables efficient engineering of primary human T cells for ex vivo cell therapy applications","volume":"23","author":"Kavanagh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9053","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-10-2880","article-title":"Multiple injections of electroporated autologous T cells expressing a chimeric antigen receptor mediate regression of human disseminated tumor","volume":"70","author":"Zhao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1089\/hum.2017.080","article-title":"Development of Anti-Human Mesothelin-Targeted Chimeric Antigen Receptor Messenger RNA-Transfected Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes for Ovarian Cancer Therapy","volume":"29","author":"Hung","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum. Gene Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-015-1767-4","article-title":"Stability and activity of MCSP-specific chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) depend on the scFv antigen-binding domain and the protein backbone","volume":"64","author":"Krug","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Immunother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.13095","article-title":"Combining a chimeric antigen receptor and a conventional T-cell receptor to generate T cells expressing two additional receptors (TETARs) for a multi-hit immunotherapy of melanoma","volume":"25","author":"Uslu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11050696","article-title":"Arming T Cells with a gp100-Specific TCR and a CSPG4-Specific CAR Using Combined DNA- and RNA-Based Receptor Transfer","volume":"11","author":"Simon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.13678","article-title":"The siRNA-mediated downregulation of PD-1 alone or simultaneously with CTLA-4 shows enhanced in vitro CAR-T-cell functionality for further clinical development towards the potential use in immunotherapy of melanoma","volume":"27","author":"Simon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11081198","article-title":"Clinical-Scale Production of CAR-T Cells for the Treatment of Melanoma Patients by mRNA Transfection of a CSPG4-Specific CAR under Full GMP Compliance","volume":"11","author":"Wiesinger","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1038\/cgt.2008.98","article-title":"Adoptive immunotherapy using human peripheral blood lymphocytes transferred with RNA encoding Her-2\/neu-specific chimeric immune receptor in ovarian cancer xenograft model","volume":"16","author":"Yoon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Gene Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1038\/cgt.2010.30","article-title":"Direct and indirect antitumor effects by human peripheral blood lymphocytes expressing both chimeric immune receptor and interleukin-2 in ovarian cancer xenograft model","volume":"17","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Gene Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1038\/gt.2008.189","article-title":"Transfer of mRNA encoding recombinant immunoreceptors reprograms CD4+ and CD8+ T cells for use in the adoptive immunotherapy of cancer","volume":"16","author":"Birkholz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gene Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0031210","article-title":"Redirecting T cells to Ewing's sarcoma family of tumors by a chimeric NKG2D receptor expressed by lentiviral transduction or mRNA transfection","volume":"7","author":"Lehner","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omto.2020.04.013","article-title":"Electroporation of NKG2D RNA CAR Improves Vgamma9Vdelta2 T Cell Responses against Human Solid Tumor Xenografts","volume":"17","author":"Ang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. Oncolytics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.2217\/imt-2019-0137","article-title":"Experimental treatment of colorectal cancer in mice with human T cells electroporated with NKG2D RNA CAR","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib139","first-page":"453","article-title":"Non-MHC-dependent redirected T cells against tumor cells","volume":"629","author":"Alm\u00e5sbak","year":"2010","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc2273","article-title":"Translation of new cancer treatments from pet dogs to humans","volume":"8","author":"Paoloni","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-13-0006","article-title":"T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors can cause anaphylaxis in humans","volume":"1","author":"Maus","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1007\/s13238-017-0422-6","article-title":"Novel T cells with improved in vivo anti-tumor activity generated by RNA electroporation","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Protein Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2018029678","article-title":"Preclinical development of CD37CAR T-cell therapy for treatment of B-cell lymphoma","volume":"3","author":"K\u00f6ksal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2016.35","article-title":"High-affinity FRbeta-specific CAR T cells eradicate AML and normal myeloid lineage without HSC toxicity","volume":"30","author":"Lynn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2015.52","article-title":"CD33-specific chimeric antigen receptor T cells exhibit potent preclinical activity against human acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"29","author":"Kenderian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1097\/CJI.0000000000000126","article-title":"Redirecting T-Cell Specificity to EGFR Using mRNA to Self-limit Expression of Chimeric Antigen Receptor","volume":"39","author":"Caruso","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Immunother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-11126-y","article-title":"A TCR-based Chimeric Antigen Receptor","volume":"7","author":"Walseng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gde.2018.06.003","article-title":"Non-viral therapeutic cell engineering with the Sleeping Beauty transposon system","volume":"52","author":"Hudecek","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-13-0170","article-title":"Mesothelin-specific chimeric antigen receptor mRNA-engineered T cells induce anti-tumor activity in solid malignancies","volume":"2","author":"Beatty","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.03.029","article-title":"Activity of Mesothelin-Specific Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells Against Pancreatic Carcinoma Metastases in a Phase 1 Trial","volume":"155","author":"Beatty","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-17-0189","article-title":"Safety and Efficacy of Intratumoral Injections of Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T Cells in Metastatic Breast Cancer","volume":"5","author":"Tchou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-03-837609","article-title":"Nonviral RNA chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma","volume":"132","author":"Svoboda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0161820","article-title":"Co-Expansion of Cytokine-Induced Killer Cells and Vgamma9Vdelta2 T Cells for CAR T-Cell Therapy","volume":"11","author":"Du","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-014-1572-5","article-title":"A GMP-compliant protocol to expand and transfect cancer patient T cells with mRNA encoding a tumor-specific chimeric antigen receptor","volume":"63","author":"Krug","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Immunother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1038\/gt.2015.48","article-title":"Enhanced T-cell activation and differentiation in lymphocytes from transgenic mice expressing ubiquitination-resistant 2KR LAT molecules","volume":"22","author":"Rodriguez-Pe\u00f1a","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gene Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2017.25","article-title":"T-lymphocyte homing: an underappreciated yet critical hurdle for successful cancer immunotherapy","volume":"97","author":"Sackstein","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lab. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-3625-0_17","article-title":"Transfection of Tumor-Infiltrating T Cells with mRNA Encoding CXCR2","volume":"1428","author":"Idorn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1089\/hum.2007.115","article-title":"Selective modification of antigen-specific T cells by RNA electroporation","volume":"19","author":"Mitchell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hum. Gene Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12688","article-title":"Messenger RNA encoding constitutively active Toll-like receptor 4 enhances effector functions of human T cells","volume":"182","author":"Pato","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-014-1523-1","article-title":"Interleukin 12: still a promising candidate for tumor immunotherapy?","volume":"63","author":"Lasek","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Immunother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2019.10.006","article-title":"Intratumor Adoptive Transfer of IL-12 mRNA Transiently Engineered Antitumor CD8(+) T Cells","volume":"36","author":"Etxeberria","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1097\/CJI.0000000000000109","article-title":"Membrane-attached Cytokines Expressed by mRNA Electroporation Act as Potent T-Cell Adjuvants","volume":"39","author":"Weinstein-Marom","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Immunother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2959","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1701725","article-title":"Potent Activation of Human T Cells by mRNA Encoding Constitutively Active CD40","volume":"201","author":"Levin","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1097\/CJI.0000000000000252","article-title":"Combined Expression of Genetic Adjuvants Via mRNA Electroporation Exerts Multiple Immunostimulatory Effects on Antitumor T Cells","volume":"42","author":"Weinstein-Marom","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Immunother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1038\/gt.2017.87","article-title":"Primary T cells for mRNA-mediated immunotoxin delivery","volume":"25","author":"Eggers","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gene Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2016.08.007","article-title":"Natural killer cells in malignant hematology: A primer for the non-immunologist","volume":"31","author":"Kannan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-024-01525-w","article-title":"IL-15-secreting CAR natural killer cells directed toward the pan-cancer target CD70 eliminate both cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts","volume":"17","author":"Van den Eynde","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib168","article-title":"Combinatorial immunotherapy of anti-MCAM CAR-modified expanded natural killer cells and NKTR-255 against neuroblastoma","volume":"32","author":"Luo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Molecular Therapy: Oncology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ctm2.70140","article-title":"Enhancement of anti-sarcoma immunity by NK cells engineered with mRNA for expression of a EphA2-targeted CAR","volume":"15","author":"Lam","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-022-03326-6","article-title":"Two for one: targeting BCMA and CD19 in B-cell malignancies with off-the-shelf dual-CAR NK-92 cells","volume":"20","author":"Roex","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib171","first-page":"89","article-title":"Expansion and activation of natural killer cells for cancer immunotherapy","volume":"29","author":"Cho","year":"2009","journal-title":"Korean J. Lab. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib172","article-title":"Expansion of cytotoxic natural killer cells using irradiated autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells and anti-CD16 antibody","volume":"7","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00676","article-title":"A Two-Phase Expansion Protocol Combining Interleukin (IL)-15 and IL-21 Improves Natural Killer Cell Proliferation and Cytotoxicity against Rhabdomyosarcoma","volume":"8","author":"Wagner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4010","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-08-3712","article-title":"Expansion of highly cytotoxic human natural killer cells for cancer cell therapy","volume":"69","author":"Fujisaki","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0030264","article-title":"Membrane-bound IL-21 promotes sustained ex vivo proliferation of human natural killer cells","volume":"7","author":"Denman","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-14-0114","article-title":"Targeting CD20+ Aggressive B-cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma by Anti-CD20 CAR mRNA-Modified Expanded Natural Killer Cells In Vitro and in NSG Mice","volume":"3","author":"Chu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-3684-7_18","article-title":"Modification of Expanded NK Cells with Chimeric Antigen Receptor mRNA for Adoptive Cellular Therapy","volume":"1441","author":"Chu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib178","article-title":"Role of common-gamma chain cytokines in NK cell development and function: perspectives for immunotherapy","volume":"2011","author":"Meazza","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-17-0207","article-title":"Intrinsic Functional Potential of NK-Cell Subsets Constrains Retargeting Driven by Chimeric Antigen Receptors","volume":"6","author":"Oei","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.3109\/14653249.2012.671519","article-title":"A clinically adaptable method to enhance the cytotoxicity of natural killer cells against B-cell malignancies","volume":"14","author":"Shimasaki","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2017.1341031","article-title":"Romidepsin alone or in combination with anti-CD20 chimeric antigen receptor expanded natural killer cells targeting Burkitt lymphoma in vitro and in immunodeficient mice","volume":"6","author":"Chu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2019.03.011","article-title":"Adoptive Transfer of NKG2D CAR mRNA-Engineered Natural Killer Cells in Colorectal Cancer Patients","volume":"27","author":"Xiao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omto.2019.12.006","article-title":"CXCR1 Expression to Improve Anti-Cancer Efficacy of Intravenously Injected CAR-NK Cells in Mice with Peritoneal Xenografts","volume":"16","author":"Ng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. Oncolytics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00105","article-title":"Efficient mRNA-Based Genetic Engineering of Human NK Cells with High-Affinity CD16 and CCR7 Augments Rituximab-Induced ADCC against Lymphoma and Targets NK Cell Migration toward the Lymph Node-Associated Chemokine CCL19","volume":"7","author":"Carlsten","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01262","article-title":"Enhanced Bone Marrow Homing of Natural Killer Cells Following mRNA Transfection With Gain-of-Function Variant CXCR4(R334X)","volume":"10","author":"Levy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1038\/s41417-021-00365-x","article-title":"CXCR4 and anti-BCMA CAR co-modified natural killer cells suppress multiple myeloma progression in a xenograft mouse model","volume":"29","author":"Ng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Gene Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-3684-7_19","article-title":"mRNA Transfection to Improve NK Cell Homing to Tumors","volume":"1441","author":"Levy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2008.06.016","article-title":"Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells increase expansion of cord blood natural killer cells","volume":"14","author":"Boissel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-024-04990-6","article-title":"CD19\/CD20 dual-targeted chimeric antigen receptor-engineered natural killer cells exhibit improved cytotoxicity against acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"22","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20020317","article-title":"Natural Killer Cells and Current Applications of Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Modified NK-92 Cells in Tumor Immunotherapy","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib191","first-page":"652","article-title":"Characterization of a human cell line (NK-92) with phenotypical and functional characteristics of activated natural killer cells","volume":"8","author":"Gong","year":"1994","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2008.11.024","article-title":"Transfection with mRNA for CD19 specific chimeric antigen receptor restores NK cell mediated killing of CLL cells","volume":"33","author":"Boissel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Leuk. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.3109\/10428194.2011.634048","article-title":"Comparison of mRNA and lentiviral based transfection of natural killer cells with chimeric antigen receptors recognizing lymphoid antigens","volume":"53","author":"Boissel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Leuk. Lymphoma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1586\/erv.13.39","article-title":"CD40-activated B cells as antigen-presenting cells: the final sprint toward clinical application","volume":"12","author":"Wennhold","year":"2013","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Vaccines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2046","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-07-2379","article-title":"RNA-transfected CD40-activated B cells induce functional T-cell responses against viral and tumor antigen targets: implications for pediatric immunotherapy","volume":"103","author":"Coughlin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2541","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V104.11.2541.2541","article-title":"Immunotargetting of the Wilms\u2019 Tumor WT1 Antigen for Dendritic Cell and B-Cell-Based Vaccination of Leukemia","volume":"104","author":"Berneman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5725","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.05.3314","article-title":"Immunosurveillance and survivin-specific T-cell immunity in children with high-risk neuroblastoma","volume":"24","author":"Coughlin","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2106","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200737960","article-title":"Efficient antitumor immunity in a murine colorectal cancer model induced by CEA RNA-electroporated B cells","volume":"38","author":"Park","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0024167","article-title":"CD40-activated B cell cancer vaccine improves second clinical remission and survival in privately owned dogs with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma","volume":"6","author":"Sorenmo","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200535485","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent membrane protein-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes targeting EBV-carrying natural killer cell malignancies","volume":"36","author":"Demachi-Okamura","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib201","first-page":"137","article-title":"Autogeneic rna-electroporated CD40-ligand activated b-cells from hepatocellular carcinoma patients induce CD8+ T-cell responses ex vivo","volume":"29","author":"Shen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Exp. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-62703-260-5_7","article-title":"Engineering B cells with mRNA","volume":"969","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2008.02833.x","article-title":"Activated B cells modified by electroporation of multiple mRNAs encoding immune stimulatory molecules are comparable to mature dendritic cells in inducing in vitro antigen-specific T-cell responses","volume":"125","author":"Lee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1038\/gt.2008.22","article-title":"RNA-loaded CD40-activated B cells stimulate antigen-specific T-cell responses in dogs with spontaneous lymphoma","volume":"15","author":"Mason","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gene Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib205","article-title":"The Prospects of Human CD40L-Activated AntigenPresenting B Cells","volume":"1","author":"Kuei-Ying","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2255","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-16-1300","article-title":"Multiplex Genome Editing to Generate Universal CAR T Cells Resistant to PD1 Inhibition","volume":"23","author":"Ren","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5876-7-109","article-title":"Short-term cultured, interleukin-15 differentiated dendritic cells have potent immunostimulatory properties","volume":"7","author":"Anguille","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-020-02737-y","article-title":"Novel adjuvant dendritic cell therapy with transfection of heat-shock protein 70 messenger RNA for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a phase I\/II prospective randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"70","author":"Matsui","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Immunother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2021.08.005","article-title":"Small-scale manufacturing of neoantigen-encoding messenger RNA for early-phase clinical trials","volume":"24","author":"Ingels","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2025.125720","article-title":"Apolipoprotein E4 facilitates transfection of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells by lipid nanoparticles","volume":"678","author":"Lambart","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.734256","article-title":"Anti-Tumor Potency of Short-Term Interleukin-15 Dendritic Cells Is Potentiated by In Situ Silencing of Programmed-Death Ligands","volume":"13","author":"Versteven","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12020256","article-title":"Rapid Assessment of Functional Avidity of Tumor-Specific T Cell Receptors Using an Antigen-Presenting Tumor Cell Line Electroporated with Full-Length Tumor Antigen mRNA","volume":"12","author":"Campillo-Davo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1089\/nat.2020.0905","article-title":"Splice-Switching Antisense Oligonucleotides as a Targeted Intrinsic Engineering Tool for Generating Armored Redirected T Cells","volume":"31","author":"Ceccarello","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nucleic Acid Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2020.11.019","article-title":"Targeting Telomerase with an HLA Class II-Restricted TCR for Cancer Immunotherapy","volume":"29","author":"Dillard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3007","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2015.33.15_suppl.3007","article-title":"Safety and antitumor activity of chimeric antigen receptor modified T cells in patients with chemotherapy refractory metastatic pancreatic cancer","volume":"33","author":"Beatty","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Oncology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V130.Suppl_1.653.653","article-title":"Pilot Study of Non-Viral, RNA-Redirected Autologous Anti-CD19 Chimeric Antigen Receptor Modified T-Cells in Patients with Refractory\/Relapsed Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL)","volume":"130","author":"Svoboda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3031","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V128.22.3031.3031","article-title":"A First-in-Human Study of Autologous T Lymphocytes with Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity (ADCC) in Patients with B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL)","volume":"128","author":"Poon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib218","first-page":"1359","article-title":"Treating Relapsed\/Refractory (RR) AML with Biodegradable Anti-CD123 CAR Modified T Cells","volume":"130","author":"Cummins","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10035","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2020.38.15_suppl.10035","article-title":"Phase I trial of autologous cMET-directed CAR-t cells administered intravenously in patients with melanoma & breast carcinoma","volume":"38","author":"Shah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Oncology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3014","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2020.38.15_suppl.3014","article-title":"Feasibility and preliminary safety and efficacy of first-in-human intraperitoneal delivery of MCY-M11, anti-human-mesothelin CAR mRNA transfected into peripheral blood mononuclear cells, for ovarian cancer and malignant peritoneal mesothelioma","volume":"38","author":"Annunziata","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Oncology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-023-10524-x","article-title":"Messenger RNA electroporated hepatitis B virus (HBV) antigen-specific T cell receptor (TCR) redirected T cell therapy is well-tolerated in patients with recurrent HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma post-liver transplantation: results from a phase I trial","volume":"17","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hepatol. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-020-0951-5","article-title":"Preclinical evaluation of CD8+ anti-BCMA mRNA CAR T cells for treatment of multiple myeloma","volume":"35","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13545","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.14592","article-title":"Intraperitoneal immunotherapy with T cells stably and transiently expressing anti-EpCAM CAR in xenograft models of peritoneal carcinomatosis","volume":"8","author":"Ang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1038\/cgt.2009.61","article-title":"Expression of chimeric antigen receptors in natural killer cells with a regulatory-compliant non-viral method","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Gene Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-62703-260-5_13","article-title":"Natural killer cell reprogramming with chimeric immune receptors","volume":"969","author":"Shimasaki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2020.08.013","article-title":"MAGT1 messenger RNA-corrected autologous T and natural killer cells for potential cell therapy in X-linked immunodeficiency with magnesium defect, Epstein-Barr virus infection and neoplasia disease","volume":"23","author":"Brault","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib227","article-title":"Nucleofection-based screening of chimeric antigen receptor candidates in human natural killer cells","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib228","article-title":"CAR T cells, CAR NK cells, and CAR macrophages exhibit distinct traits in glioma models but are similarly enhanced when combined with cytokines","volume":"6","author":"Look","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Rep. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994_bib229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202149784","article-title":"Assessing gene function in human B cells: CRISPR\/Cas9-based gene editing and mRNA-based gene expression in healthy and tumor cells","volume":"52","author":"Nardi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."}],"container-title":["Molecular Therapy Nucleic Acids"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2162253126001654?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2162253126001654?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T15:05:04Z","timestamp":1788879904000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2162253126001654"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":229,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S2162253126001654"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994","relation":{},"ISSN":["2162-2531"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2162-2531","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Advances in ex vivo mRNA-based gene transfer for cell-based cancer immunotherapy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Molecular Therapy Nucleic Acids","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.102994","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The American Society of Gene and Cell Therapy.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102994"}}