{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T15:14:05Z","timestamp":1788880445633,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":157,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010434","name":"Caixabank SA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010434","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017266","name":"Navarra Government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014440","name":"Spain Ministry of Science Innovation and Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Carlos III Health Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002704","name":"Spanish Association Against Cancer Scientific Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002704","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Therapy Nucleic Acids"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T23:44:08Z","timestamp":1782949448000},"page":"103000","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mammalian therapeutic riboswitches: Engineering and custom ligands"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Eric","family":"Rovira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Pastor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7571-6220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Puri","family":"Fortes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib1","series-title":"Riboswitch Regulation Mechanisms: RNA, Metabolites and Regulatory Proteins","author":"B\u00e9dard","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biochem-060815-014628","article-title":"Engineering and In Vivo Applications of Riboswitches","volume":"86","author":"Hallberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2022.08.009","article-title":"Discovering riboswitches: the past and the future","volume":"48","author":"Kavita","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends Biochem. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2024.105730","article-title":"Flipping the script: understanding riboswitches from an alternative perspective","volume":"300","author":"Olenginski","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.RWR-0025-2018","article-title":"Small-Molecule-Binding Riboswitches","volume":"6","author":"Lotz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eadt5199","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adt5199","article-title":"Programmable gene insertion in human cells with a laboratory-evolved CRISPR-associated transposase","volume":"388","author":"Witte","year":"2025","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a032797","article-title":"Riboswitches and translation control","volume":"10","author":"Breaker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9897","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-65808-7","article-title":"Beyond the niche - unlocking the full potential of synthetic riboswitches","volume":"16","author":"Hoetzel","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib9","first-page":"679","article-title":"Maestro of regulation: Riboswitches orchestrate gene expression at the levels of translation, transcription and mRNA decay","volume":"15","author":"Bastet","year":"2018","journal-title":"RNA Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2004.06.007","article-title":"The different roles of tryptophan transfer RNA in regulating trp operon expression in E. coli versus B. subtilis. Preprint","volume":"20","author":"Yanofsky","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5410","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw232","article-title":"Exploring the modular nature of riboswitches and RNA thermometers","volume":"44","author":"Ro\u00dfmanith","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncrna.2018.04.003","article-title":"Bacterial riboswitches and RNA thermometers: Nature and contributions to pathogenesis","volume":"3","author":"Abduljalil","year":"2018","journal-title":"Noncoding. RNA Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6052","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1720406115","article-title":"Riboswitches for the alarmone ppGpp expand the collection of RNA-based signaling systems","volume":"115","author":"Sherlock","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2020.1836910","article-title":"Aminoglycoside riboswitch control of the expression of integron associated aminoglycoside resistance adenyltransferases","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12889","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa1102","article-title":"Discovery and characterization of a fourth class of guanidine riboswitches","volume":"48","author":"Lenkeit","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biochem.1c00765","article-title":"The Biochemical Landscape of Riboswitch Ligands","volume":"61","author":"Breaker","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biophys-070816-034042","article-title":"Long-Range Interactions in Riboswitch Control of Gene Expression","volume":"30","author":"Jones","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.14723","article-title":"Riboswitch control of bacterial RNA stability","volume":"116","author":"Richards","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10010045","article-title":"antibiotics Riboswitches as Drug Targets for Antibiotics","volume":"10","author":"Panchal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10010041","article-title":"A New Promising Anti-Infective Agent Inhibits Biofilm Growth by Targeting Simultaneously a Conserved RNA Function That Controls Multiple Genes","volume":"10","author":"Seyler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01247-20","article-title":"Small-molecule antibiotics inhibiting trna-regulated gene expression is a viable strategy for targeting gram-positive bacteria","volume":"65","author":"V\u00e4re","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1080\/15476286.2021.1978768","article-title":"Inactivation of the riboswitch-controlled GMP synthase GuaA in Clostridioides difficile is associated with severe growth defects and poor infectivity in a mouse model of infection","volume":"18","author":"Smith-Peter","year":"2021","journal-title":"RNA Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-40875-1","article-title":"Unraveling RNA dynamical behavior of TPP riboswitches: a comparison between Escherichia coli and Arabidopsis thaliana","volume":"9","author":"Antunes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.12540","article-title":"Small molecules that interact with RNA: Riboswitch-based gene control and its involvement in metabolic regulation in plants and algae","volume":"79","author":"Bocobza","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plant J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2874","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.443907","article-title":"Riboswitch-dependent gene regulation and its evolution in the plant kingdom","volume":"21","author":"Bocobza","year":"2007","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2009.03.004","article-title":"The GAIT system: a gatekeeper of inflammatory gene expression","volume":"34","author":"Mukhopadhyay","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Biochem. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-25024-5","article-title":"Switching at the ribosome: riboswitches need rProteins as modulators to regulate translation","volume":"12","author":"de Jesus","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1038\/s41589-020-00713-2","article-title":"The case of the missing allosteric ribozymes","volume":"17","author":"Panchapakesan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Chem. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csbj.2019.10.001","article-title":"Mammalian RNA switches: Molecular rheostats in gene regulation, disease, and medicine","volume":"17","author":"Venkata Subbaiah","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comput. Struct. Biotechnol. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8350","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-64474-z","article-title":"Author Correction: Guanidine aptamers are present in vertebrate RNAs associated with calcium signaling and neuromuscular function","volume":"16","author":"Kavita","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R31","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2010-11-3-r31","article-title":"Comparative genomics reveals 104 candidate structured RNAs from bacteria, archaea, and their metagenomes","volume":"11","author":"Weinberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-017-4171-y","article-title":"Identification of 15 candidate structured noncoding RNA motifs in fungi by comparative genomics","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Genom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2417","DOI":"10.1080\/15476286.2021.1917891","article-title":"Comprehensive discovery of novel structured noncoding RNAs in 26 bacterial genomes","volume":"18","author":"Brewer","year":"2021","journal-title":"RNA Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.mie.2014.10.057","article-title":"Computational methods for prediction of RNA interactions with metal ions and small organic ligands","volume":"553","author":"Philips","year":"2015","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4809","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkm487","article-title":"Identification of 22 candidate structured RNAs in bacteria using the CMfinder comparative genomics pipeline","volume":"35","author":"Weinberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1941","DOI":"10.1042\/BST20191060","article-title":"Siblings or doppelg\u00e4ngers? Deciphering the evolution of structured cis-regulatory RNAs beyond homology","volume":"48","author":"Gray","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochem. Soc. Trans."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-018-0034-x","article-title":"High-throughput determination of RNA structures","volume":"19","author":"Strobel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-019-0517-8","article-title":"Computational design of three-dimensional RNA structure and function","volume":"14","author":"Yesselman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2253-5","article-title":"Determination of RNA structural diversity and its role in HIV-1 RNA splicing","volume":"582","author":"Tomezsko","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5057","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18677-1","article-title":"A deep learning approach to programmable RNA switches","volume":"11","author":"Angenent-Mari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib41","article-title":"SHAPE-enabled fragment-based ligand discovery for RNA contributed new reagents\/analytic tools","volume":"119","author":"Zeller, M.","year":"2022","journal-title":"M. PNAS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2024.107317","article-title":"Probing RNA Structure and Dynamics using Nanopore and Next Generation Sequencing","volume":"300","author":"Bose","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib43","series-title":"Methods in Molecular Biology","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-9666-7_1","article-title":"G-Quadruplex DNA and RNA","author":"Yang","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2020.03.178","article-title":"G-quadruplex in cancer biology and drug discovery","volume":"531","author":"Nakanishi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.061234.117","article-title":"Riboswitch diversity and distribution","volume":"23","author":"Mccown","year":"2017","journal-title":"RNA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-59745-558-9_5","article-title":"Kinetics of Riboswitch Regulation Studied By In Vitro Transcription","volume":"540","author":"Wickiser","year":"2009","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2005.02.032","article-title":"The Speed of RNA Transcription and Metabolite Binding Kinetics Operate an FMN Riboswitch","volume":"18","author":"Wickiser","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6639","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac514","article-title":"The cotranscriptional folding landscape for two cyclic di-nucleotide-sensing riboswitches with highly homologous aptamer domains acting either as ON- or OFF-switches","volume":"50","author":"Landgraf","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2320","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-38042-2","article-title":"Observation of structural switch in nascent SAM-VI riboswitch during transcription at single-nucleotide and single-molecule resolution","volume":"14","author":"Xue","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8957","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkad633","article-title":"Linking folding dynamics and function of SAM\/SAH riboswitches at the single molecule level","volume":"51","author":"Liao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2023426118","article-title":"A translational riboswitch coordinates nascent transcription\u2013translation coupling","volume":"118","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0320282","article-title":"Identification of potential riboswitch elements in Homo sapiens mRNA 5\u2019UTR sequences using positive-unlabeled machine learning","volume":"20","author":"Raymond","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1634","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-024-02335-1","article-title":"A systematic search for RNA structural switches across the human transcriptome","volume":"21","author":"Khoroshkin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib54","article-title":"Possible involvement of three-stemmed pseudoknots in regulating translational initiation in human mRNAs","volume":"19","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4883","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz216","article-title":"Next-level riboswitch development-implementation of Capture-SELEX facilitates identification of a new synthetic riboswitch","volume":"47","author":"Boussebayle","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymeth.2019.04.004","article-title":"RNA-based Capture-SELEX for the selection of small molecule-binding aptamers","volume":"161","author":"Boussebayle","year":"2019","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib57","first-page":"4108","article-title":"Applicability of a computational design approach for synthetic riboswitches","volume":"45","author":"Domin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1990","DOI":"10.3390\/s17091990","article-title":"Design of Artificial Riboswitches as Biosensors","volume":"17","author":"Findei\u00df","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkag145","article-title":"Iterative design of a NAND hybrid riboswitch by deep batch Bayesian optimization","volume":"54","author":"Kelvin","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E554","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1318563111","article-title":"Artificial riboswitches for gene expression and replication control of DNA and RNA viruses","volume":"111","author":"Ketzer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1976","DOI":"10.1021\/acssynbio.9b00177","article-title":"Reversible Gene Regulation in Mammalian Cells Using Riboswitch-Engineered Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Vector","volume":"8","author":"Takahashi","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Synth. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e167","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks734","article-title":"Synthetic riboswitches for external regulation of genes transferred by replication-deficient and oncolytic adenoviruses","volume":"40","author":"Ketzer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2015.123","article-title":"Riboswitch-mediated Attenuation of Transgene Cytotoxicity Increases Adeno-associated Virus Vector Yields in HEK-293 Cells","volume":"23","author":"Strobel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1021\/acssynbio.9b00410","article-title":"A Small-Molecule-Responsive Riboswitch Enables Conditional Induction of Viral Vector-Mediated Gene Expression in Mice","volume":"9","author":"Strobel","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Synth. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7820","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.2c12332","article-title":"Small-Molecule Aptamer for Regulating RNA Functions in Mammalian Cells and Animals","volume":"145","author":"Fukunaga","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1360063","article-title":"Riboswitch-controlled IL-12 gene therapy reduces hepatocellular cancer in mice","volume":"15","author":"D\u00fcchs","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-29726-7","article-title":"Development of an inducible anti-VEGF rAAV gene therapy strategy for the treatment of wet AMD","volume":"8","author":"Reid","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8531","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1001721107","article-title":"Genetic control of mammalian T-cell proliferation with synthetic RNA regulatory systems","volume":"107","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1039\/B923076A","article-title":"A ligand-dependent hammerhead ribozyme switch for controlling mammalian gene expression","volume":"6","author":"Ausl\u00e4nder","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Biosyst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-08412-w","article-title":"A tetracycline-dependent ribozyme switch allows conditional induction of gene expression in Caenorhabditis elegans","volume":"10","author":"Wurmthaler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12306","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gku875","article-title":"Protein-responsive ribozyme switches in eukaryotic cells","volume":"42","author":"Kennedy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-023-01989-0","article-title":"Control of mammalian gene expression by modulation of polyA signal cleavage at 5\u2032 UTR","volume":"42","author":"Luo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1021\/acssynbio.4c00731","article-title":"Potential and Optimization of Mammalian Splice Riboswitches for the Regulation of Exon Skipping-Dependent Gene Expression and Isoform Switching within the ALOX5 Gene","volume":"14","author":"Bruckhoff","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Synth. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3246","DOI":"10.1021\/acssynbio.4c00295","article-title":"Optimization of Exon-Skipping Riboswitches and Their Applications to Control Mammalian Cell Fate","volume":"13","author":"Nomura","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Synth. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae1189","article-title":"Engineering oxypurinol-responsive riboswitches based on bacterial xanthine aptamers for gene expression control in mammalian cell culture","volume":"53","author":"Hedwig","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.1021\/acssynbio.7b00124","article-title":"Artificial OFF-riboswitches that downregulate internal ribosome entry without hybridization switches in a eukaryotic cell-free translation system","volume":"6","author":"Ogawa","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Synth. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-021-01068-2","article-title":"RNA-responsive elements for eukaryotic translational control","volume":"40","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2022.128839","article-title":"Eukaryotic artificial ON-riboswitches that respond efficiently to mid-sized short peptides","volume":"71","author":"Takahashi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1021\/acssynbio.9b00475","article-title":"The Theophylline Aptamer: 25 Years as an Important Tool in Cellular Engineering Research","volume":"9","author":"Wrist","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Synth. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2019.05.018","article-title":"Aptamer-based and aptazyme-based riboswitches in mammalian cells","volume":"52","author":"Yokobayashi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9005","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw718","article-title":"Rational design of a synthetic mammalian riboswitch as a ligand-responsive -1 ribosomal frame-shifting stimulator","volume":"44","author":"Lin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2018.02.021","article-title":"Conditional Regulation of Gene Expression by Ligand-Induced Occlusion of a MicroRNA Target Sequence","volume":"26","author":"Mou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkx858","article-title":"Design and implementation of a synthetic pre-miR switch for controlling miRNA biogenesis in mammals","volume":"45","author":"Atanasov","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3008","DOI":"10.1021\/acssynbio.0c00222","article-title":"Aptamer-Mediated Control of Polyadenylation for Gene Expression Regulation in Mammalian Cells","volume":"9","author":"Sp\u00f6ring","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Synth. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23331","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c01994","article-title":"Engineering U1-Based Tetracycline-Inducible Riboswitches to Control Gene Expression in Mammals","volume":"17","author":"Rovira","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2040","DOI":"10.1021\/acssynbio.1c00213","article-title":"Circularly-Permuted Pistol Ribozyme: A Synthetic Ribozyme Scaffold for Mammalian Riboswitches","volume":"10","author":"Mustafina","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Synth. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-21716-0","article-title":"A multiplexed, automated evolution pipeline enables scalable discovery and characterization of biosensors","volume":"12","author":"Townshend","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv265","article-title":"High-throughput assay and engineering of self-cleaving ribozymes by sequencing","volume":"43","author":"Kobori","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms12834","article-title":"Twister ribozymes as highly versatile expression platforms for artificial riboswitches","volume":"7","author":"Felletti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1021\/sb500062p","article-title":"Ribozyme-Based Aminoglycoside Switches of Gene Expression Engineered by Genetic Selection in S. cerevisiae","volume":"4","author":"Klauser","year":"2015","journal-title":"ACS Synth. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13036-015-0019-7","article-title":"Engineering dynamic cell cycle control with synthetic small molecule-responsive RNA devices","volume":"9","author":"Wei","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Biol. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biochem.6b01218","article-title":"Synthetic Riboswitches: From Plug and Pray toward Plug and Play","volume":"56","author":"Etzel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(92)90870-P","article-title":"Selection of high affinity RNA ligands to the bacteriophage R17 coat protein","volume":"3","author":"Schneider","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd.2016.199","article-title":"Aptamers as targeted therapeutics: Current potential and challenges","volume":"16","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2023.124998","article-title":"Recent progress of SELEX methods for screening nucleic acid aptamers","volume":"266","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1126\/science.282.5387.296","article-title":"Controlling gene expression in living cells through small molecule-RNA interactions","volume":"282","author":"Werstuck","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2003.03656.x","article-title":"Tetracycline-aptamer-mediated translational regulation in yeast","volume":"49","author":"Hanson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9015","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5b03405","article-title":"Rational Re-engineering of a Transcriptional Silencing PreQ1 Riboswitch","volume":"137","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2830","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0911209107","article-title":"Reengineering orthogonally selective riboswitches","volume":"107","author":"Dixon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-60722-4","article-title":"Rational development of FMN-based orthogonal riboswitch that functions in response to specific non-cognate ligand","volume":"16","author":"Ojha","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-026-70870-w","article-title":"Engineering ligands for theophylline riboswitches expands its regulatory dynamic range in prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems","volume":"17","author":"Khadake","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3661","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab166","article-title":"What defines a synthetic riboswitch?-Conformational dynamics of ciprofloxacin aptamers with similar binding affinities but varying regulatory potentials","volume":"49","author":"Kaiser","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2022.167631","article-title":"Structural Changes in Aptamers are Essential for Synthetic Riboswitch Engineering","volume":"434","author":"Hoetzel","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1080\/15476286.2023.2269508","article-title":"Dynamic RNA synthetic biology: new principles, practices and potential","volume":"20","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"RNA Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbi.2024.102893","article-title":"Beyond ligand binding: Single molecule observation reveals how riboswitches integrate multiple signals to balance bacterial gene regulation","volume":"88","author":"Chauvier","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2024.168771","article-title":"Cotranscriptional Folding of a 5\u2032 Stem-loop in the Escherichia coli tbpA Riboswitch at Single-nucleotide Resolution","volume":"436","author":"Hien","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1827","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2024.07.017","article-title":"Engineering acyclovir-induced RNA nanodevices for reversible and tunable control of aptamer function","volume":"31","author":"Hagen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Chem. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e48","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky062","article-title":"A small, portable RNA device for the control of exon skipping in mammalian cells","volume":"46","author":"Vogel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.772408","article-title":"Screening for engineered neomycin riboswitches that control translation initiation","volume":"14","author":"Weigand","year":"2008","journal-title":"RNA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e154","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks636","article-title":"A high-throughput, quantitative cell-based screen for efficient tailoring of RNA device activity","volume":"40","author":"Liang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3535","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac152","article-title":"High-throughput screening of cell-free riboswitches by fluorescence-activated droplet sorting","volume":"50","author":"Tabuchi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib112","article-title":"RLBind: a deep learning method to predict RNA\u2013ligand binding sites","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brief. Bioinform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2020.00808","article-title":"Riboflow: Using Deep Learning to Classify Riboswitches With \u223c99% Accuracy","volume":"8","author":"Premkumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btae678","article-title":"DeepRSMA: a cross-fusion-based deep learning method for RNA\u2013small molecule binding affinity prediction","volume":"40","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbae002","article-title":"Reliable method for predicting the binding affinity of RNA-small molecule interactions using machine learning","volume":"25","author":"Krishnan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brief. Bioinform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2023.06.019","article-title":"HydRA: Deep-learning models for predicting RNA-binding capacity from protein interaction association context and protein sequence","volume":"83","author":"Jin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5745","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-41303-9","article-title":"Integrating end-to-end learning with deep geometrical potentials for ab initio RNA structure prediction","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7266","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-42528-4","article-title":"trRosettaRNA: automated prediction of RNA 3D structure with transformer network","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2287","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-024-02487-0","article-title":"Accurate RNA 3D structure prediction using a language model-based deep learning approach","volume":"21","author":"Shen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2023.11.005","article-title":"Designing RNA switches for synthetic biology using inverse-RNA-folding Synthetic RNA switches: the future of RNA-based therapeutics?","volume":"42","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymeth.2018.04.003","article-title":"In silico design of ligand triggered RNA switches","volume":"143","author":"Findei\u00df","year":"2018","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbad110","article-title":"A computational approach for the identification of distant homologs of bacterial riboswitches based on inverse RNA folding","volume":"24","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brief. Bioinform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2920","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btaa039","article-title":"incaRNAfbinv 2.0 : a webserver and software with motif control for fragment-based design of RNAs","volume":"36","author":"Retwitzer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-7188-6-26","article-title":"ViennaRNA Package 2.0","volume":"6","author":"Lorenz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Algorithms Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i347","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btae259","article-title":"RiboDiffusion: tertiary structure-based RNA inverse folding with generative diffusion models","volume":"40","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/415697","article-title":"Capture-SELEX: Selection of DNA aptamers for aminoglycoside antibiotics","volume":"2012","author":"Stoltenburg","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Anal. Methods Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1515\/hsz-2025-0118","article-title":"Triple SELEX approach for the selection of a highly specific RNA aptamer binding homoeriodictyol","volume":"406","author":"Hoetzel","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11375","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkad767","article-title":"Development of a novel tobramycin dependent riboswitch","volume":"51","author":"Kraus","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/bios14010056","article-title":"Sensing Levofloxacin with an RNA Aptamer as a Bioreceptor","volume":"14","author":"Kramat","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biosensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200461848","article-title":"In vitro selection of structure-switching signaling aptamers","volume":"44","author":"Nutiu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2021.122274","article-title":"Capture-SELEX for aptamer selection: A short review","volume":"229","author":"Lyu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1080\/15476286.2023.2234732","article-title":"Tapping the potential of synthetic riboswitches: reviewing the versatility of the tetracycline aptamer","volume":"20","author":"Kelvin","year":"2023","journal-title":"RNA Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1720","DOI":"10.1021\/acschembio.6b00001","article-title":"Inforna 2.0: A Platform for the Sequence-Based Design of Small Molecules Targeting Structured RNAs","volume":"11","author":"Disney","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1021\/acschembio.1c00014","article-title":"Systematically Studying the Effect of Small Molecules Interacting with RNA in Cellular and Preclinical Models","volume":"16","author":"Bush","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2024.103125","article-title":"Searching for the optimal microbial factory: high-throughput biosensors and analytical techniques for screening small molecules","volume":"87","author":"O\u2019Connor","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.REV120.015203","article-title":"Frameworks for targeting RNA with small molecules","volume":"296","author":"Umuhire Juru","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1038\/s41589-019-0388-1","article-title":"De novo-designed translation-repressing riboregulators for multi-input cellular logic","volume":"15","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Chem. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13036-021-00261-w","article-title":"Signal amplification and optimization of riboswitch-based hybrid inputs by modular and titratable toehold switches","volume":"15","author":"Hwang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Biol. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2021.12.039","article-title":"Programmable siRNA pro-drugs that activate RNAi activity in response to specific cellular RNA biomarkers","volume":"27","author":"Han","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. Nucleic Acids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2021.166975","article-title":"Transcription Regulation Through Nascent RNA Folding","volume":"433","author":"Sch\u00e4rfen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1039\/C8CS00880A","article-title":"Duplexed aptamers: History, design, theory, and application to biosensing","volume":"48","author":"Munzar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-019-0249-1","article-title":"Visualizing RNA dynamics in live cells with bright and stable fluorescent RNAs","volume":"37","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1038\/s41589-018-0103-7","article-title":"A multicolor riboswitch-based platform for imaging of RNA in live mammalian cells","volume":"14","author":"Braselmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Chem. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-019-0531-7","article-title":"Live imaging of mRNA using RNA-stabilized fluorogenic proteins","volume":"16","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E2756","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1504354112","article-title":"Imaging metabolite dynamics in living cells using a Spinach-based riboswitch","volume":"112","author":"You","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-020-0571-7","article-title":"Cell-free biosensors for rapid detection of water contaminants","volume":"38","author":"Jung","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13762","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.2c05724","article-title":"Live-Cell Imaging of Endogenous RNA with a Genetically Encoded Fluorogenic Allosteric Aptamer","volume":"95","author":"Peng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1021\/acssynbio.9b00347","article-title":"Point-of-Use Detection of Environmental Fluoride via a Cell-Free Riboswitch-Based Biosensor","volume":"9","author":"Thavarajah","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Synth. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2025.125721","article-title":"Harnessing MUC1 aptamer-targeted nanoparticles for precision medicine in breast cancer","volume":"678","author":"Khan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2025.125902","article-title":"Aptamer-Drug Conjugates (ApDCs): Transformative approaches in targeted cancer therapy and precision oncology","volume":"681","author":"Zahedi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2962","DOI":"10.1007\/s12033-024-01256-w","article-title":"Enhanced SELEX Platforms for Aptamer Selection with Improved Characteristics: A Review","volume":"67","author":"Didarian","year":"2025","journal-title":"Molecular Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2000022","DOI":"10.1002\/biot.202000022","article-title":"Quality Control Testing, Characterization and Critical Quality Attributes of Adeno-Associated Virus Vectors Used for Human Gene Therapy","volume":"16","author":"Wright","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biotechnol. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105834","article-title":"Viral and non-viral vectors in gene therapy: current state and clinical perspectives","volume":"118","author":"Geng","year":"2025","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2022.07.018","article-title":"Immunogenicity assessment of AAV-based gene therapies: An IQ consortium industry white paper","volume":"26","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. Methods Clin. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s40824-020-00190-7","article-title":"Recent advances in polymeric drug delivery systems","volume":"24","author":"Sung","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomater. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2021.03.024","article-title":"Manufacturing Challenges and Rational Formulation Development for AAV Viral Vectors","volume":"110","author":"Srivastava","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmmed.2025.1709095","article-title":"Advancing AAV vector manufacturing: challenges, innovations, and future directions for gene therapy","volume":"5","author":"Kowshik","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Med."}],"container-title":["Molecular Therapy Nucleic Acids"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S216225312600171X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S216225312600171X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T15:04:22Z","timestamp":1788879862000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S216225312600171X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":157,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S216225312600171X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000","relation":{},"ISSN":["2162-2531"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2162-2531","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Mammalian therapeutic riboswitches: Engineering and custom ligands","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Molecular Therapy Nucleic Acids","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.omtn.2026.103000","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The American Society of Gene and Cell Therapy.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103000"}}