{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T18:50:20Z","timestamp":1790621420751,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001275","name":"Oak Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SOAK18.01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SOAK18.01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001275","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004622","name":"Dutch Cancer Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KWF15932"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KWF15932"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004622","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Therapy Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T00:36:50Z","timestamp":1768351010000},"page":"201128","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Improved oncolytic and immunostimulatory activity of the spontaneous jin-3 reovirus mutant in preclinical bladder cancer models"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Arjanneke F.","family":"van de Merbel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maaike H.","family":"van der Mark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lobke C.M.","family":"Hensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana J.M.","family":"van den Wollenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rob C.","family":"Hoeben","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Willemijn C.G.","family":"Zonneveld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rob C.M.","family":"Pelger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maxime T.M.","family":"Kummeling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1696-160X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geertje","family":"van der Horst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabri","family":"van der Pluijm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-024-04949-8","article-title":"Global burden of bladder cancer mortality in 2020 and 2040 according to GLOBOCAN estimates","volume":"42","author":"W\u00e9ber","year":"2024","journal-title":"World J. Urol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2019.08.016","article-title":"European Association of Urology Guidelines on Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer (TaT1 and Carcinoma In Situ) - 2019 Update","volume":"76","author":"Babjuk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Urol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-023-03239-1","article-title":"Tumor stemness score to estimate epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cells (CSCs) characterization and to predict the prognosis and immunotherapy response in bladder urothelial carcinoma","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.4111\/icu.2020.61.4.349","article-title":"Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin versus mitomycin C for Ta and T1 bladder cancer: Abridged summary of the Cochrane Review","volume":"61","author":"Schmidt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Investig. Clin. Urol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1097\/MOU.0b013e32833cc9df","article-title":"Cancer stem cells in bladder cancer: a revisited and evolving concept","volume":"20","author":"Chan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Urol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2013.03.004","article-title":"Sheep, wolf, or werewolf: cancer stem cells and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition","volume":"341","author":"Chang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2012.12.027","article-title":"Cancer incidence and mortality patterns in Europe: estimates for 40 countries in 2012","volume":"49","author":"Ferlay","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2021.07.039","article-title":"The European cancer burden in 2020: Incidence and mortality estimates for 40 countries and 25 major cancers","volume":"157","author":"Dyba","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-017-0424-2","article-title":"Analysis of 100,000 human cancer genomes reveals the landscape of tumor mutational burden","volume":"9","author":"Chalmers","year":"2017","journal-title":"Genome Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2500","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1713444","article-title":"Tumor Mutational Burden and Response Rate to PD-1 Inhibition","volume":"377","author":"Yarchoan","year":"2017","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euo.2018.05.011","article-title":"From Clinical Trials to Real-life Clinical Practice: The Role of Immunotherapy with PD-1\/PD-L1 Inhibitors in Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma","volume":"1","author":"Hussain","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Urol. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clgc.2019.03.009","article-title":"PD-1\/PD-L1 Combinations in Advanced Urothelial Cancer: Rationale and Current Clinical Trials","volume":"17","author":"Hsu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Genitourin. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1097\/CCO.0000000000000533","article-title":"Immunotherapy in nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer: current and emerging treatments","volume":"31","author":"Gupta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2018.09.022","article-title":"The Cancer Immunogram as a Framework for Personalized Immunotherapy in Urothelial Cancer","volume":"75","author":"van Dijk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Urol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1097\/MOU.0000000000000345","article-title":"Cancer immunotherapy: new applications in urologic oncology","volume":"26","author":"Hurwitz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Urol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2023.216180","article-title":"Patient-derived organoids in translational oncology and drug screening","volume":"562","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2109","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.72.8444","article-title":"Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Metastatic Urothelial Cancer","volume":"35","author":"Balar","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(17)30616-2","article-title":"First-line pembrolizumab in cisplatin-ineligible patients with locally advanced and unresectable or metastatic urothelial cancer (KEYNOTE-052): a multicentre, single-arm, phase 2 study","volume":"18","author":"Balar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)32455-2","article-title":"Atezolizumab as first-line treatment in cisplatin-ineligible patients with locally advanced and metastatic urothelial carcinoma: a single-arm, multicentre, phase 2 trial","volume":"389","author":"Balar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-017-1954-6","article-title":"PD-1 and PD-L1 antibodies in cancer: current status and future directions","volume":"66","author":"Balar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Immunother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2304","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1613683","article-title":"Pembrolizumab for Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma","volume":"376","author":"Bellmunt","year":"2017","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1613683","article-title":"Pembrolizumab as Second-Line Therapy for Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma","volume":"376","author":"Bellmunt","year":"2017","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdx186","article-title":"A randomized phase II\/III study of cabazitaxel versus vinflunine in metastatic or locally advanced transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelium (SECAVIN)","volume":"28","author":"Bellmunt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2017.184","article-title":"Urothelial cancer in 2017: Changes in expectations for metastatic urothelial carcinoma","volume":"15","author":"Bellmunt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2017.01.007","article-title":"A review on the evolution of PD-1\/PD-L1 immunotherapy for bladder cancer: The future is now","volume":"54","author":"Bellmunt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3119","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2016.67.9761","article-title":"Safety and Efficacy of Durvalumab (MEDI4736), an Anti-Programmed Cell Death Ligand-1 Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor, in Patients With Advanced Urothelial Bladder","volume":"34","author":"Massard","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1590","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(16)30496-X","article-title":"Nivolumab monotherapy in recurrent metastatic urothelial carcinoma (CheckMate 032): a multicentre, open-label, two-stage, multi-arm, phase 1\/2 trial","volume":"17","author":"Sharma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1097\/MOU.0000000000000769","article-title":"Bladder-preserving strategies for Bacillus Calmette-Guerin unresponsive non-muscle invasive bladder cancer; where are we and what will be expected?","volume":"30","author":"Sari Motlagh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Urol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(21)00147-9","article-title":"Pembrolizumab monotherapy for the treatment of high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer unresponsive to BCG (KEYNOTE-057): an open-label, single-arm, multicentre, phase 2 study","volume":"22","author":"Balar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13010131","article-title":"Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for the Treatment of Bladder Cancer","volume":"13","author":"Lopez-Beltran","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4055","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-020-03329-2","article-title":"PD-L1 expression and pattern of immune cells in pre-treatment specimens are associated with disease-free survival for HR-NMIBC undergoing BCG treatment","volume":"39","author":"Roumigui\u00e9","year":"2021","journal-title":"World J. Urol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2019.05.002","article-title":"PD-L1 expression and clinical outcomes in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma treated with checkpoint inhibitors: A meta-analysis","volume":"76","author":"Ghate","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.1215","article-title":"Significance of PD-L1 in Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma Treated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"7","author":"Maiorano","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2019.1596006","article-title":"Oncolytic viruses: how \u201clytic\u201d must they be for therapeutic efficacy?","volume":"8","author":"Davola","year":"2019","journal-title":"OncoImmunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6018","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.9.6018","article-title":"Reovirus activates human dendritic cells to promote innate antitumor immunity","volume":"180","author":"Errington","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2018.10","article-title":"Potentiating prostate cancer immunotherapy with oncolytic viruses","volume":"15","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Urol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib37","first-page":"83","article-title":"Oncolytic viruses: do they have a role in anti-cancer therapy?","volume":"2","author":"Prestwich","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Med. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4374","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-09-0334","article-title":"Immune-mediated antitumor activity of reovirus is required for therapy and is independent of direct viral oncolysis and replication","volume":"15","author":"Prestwich","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-019-0164-5","article-title":"The molecular machinery of regulated cell death","volume":"29","author":"Tang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2019-000337","article-title":"Consensus guidelines for the definition, detection and interpretation of immunogenic cell death","volume":"8","author":"Galluzzi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4402269","article-title":"Molecular characteristics of immunogenic cancer cell death","volume":"15","author":"Tesniere","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4161\/21624011.2014.955691","article-title":"Consensus guidelines for the detection of immunogenic cell death","volume":"3","author":"Kepp","year":"2014","journal-title":"OncoImmunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7127","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-08-0524","article-title":"A phase I study of intravenous oncolytic reovirus type 3 Dearing in patients with advanced cancer","volume":"14","author":"Vidal","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0048064","article-title":"Isolation of reovirus T3D mutants capable of infecting human tumor cells independent of junction adhesion molecule-A","volume":"7","author":"van den Wollenberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib45","first-page":"1","article-title":"Reovirus mutant jin-3 exhibits lytic and immune-stimulatory effects in preclinical human prostate cancer models","volume":"29","author":"van de Merbel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Gene Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2014.10.010","article-title":"Junctional adhesion molecule A promotes epithelial tight junction assembly to augment lung barrier function","volume":"185","author":"Mitchell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12071423","article-title":"Identification and Validation of JAM-A as a Novel Prognostic and Immune Factor in Human Tumors","volume":"12","author":"Ren","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.3233\/BLC-180167","article-title":"Systematic Review: Characteristics and Preclinical Uses of Bladder Cancer Cell Lines","volume":"4","author":"Zuiverloon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bladder Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2435","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-09-2408","article-title":"Oncolytic viral therapy for prostate cancer: efficacy of reovirus as a biological therapeutic","volume":"70","author":"Thirukkumaran","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(01)00231-8","article-title":"Junction adhesion molecule is a receptor for reovirus","volume":"104","author":"Barton","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib51","article-title":"Development and Characterization of Bladder Cancer Patient-Derived Xenografts for Molecularly Guided Targeted Therapy","volume":"10","author":"Pan","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4567","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1803595116","article-title":"Mouse and human urothelial cancer organoids: A tool for bladder cancer research","volume":"116","author":"Mullenders","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.03.017","article-title":"Tumor Evolution and Drug Response in Patient-Derived Organoid Models of Bladder Cancer","volume":"173","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2018.00400","article-title":"An ex vivo Tissue Culture Model for the Assessment of Individualized Drug Responses in Prostate and Bladder Cancer","volume":"8","author":"van de Merbel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.782852","article-title":"Antiviral Responses in Cancer: Boosting Antitumor Immunity Through Activation of Interferon Pathway in the Tumor Microenvironment","volume":"12","author":"Vitiello","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.2008","article-title":"Defects in interferon pathways as potential biomarkers of sensitivity to oncolytic viruses","volume":"28","author":"Matveeva","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev. Med. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djy033","article-title":"Constitutive Interferon Pathway Activation in Tumors as an Efficacy Determinant Following Oncolytic Virotherapy","volume":"110","author":"Kurokawa","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3817","article-title":"Molecular biology of bladder cancer: new insights into pathogenesis and clinical diversity","volume":"15","author":"Knowles","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aba8347","article-title":"Extensive heterogeneity in somatic mutation and selection in the human bladder","volume":"370","author":"Lawson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2020.01.001","article-title":"Oncolytic Viruses and the Immune System: The Dynamic Duo","volume":"17","author":"Lemos de Matos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. Methods Clin. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1038\/s41585-021-00483-z","article-title":"Using oncolytic viruses to ignite the tumour immune microenvironment in bladder cancer","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Urol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd4663","article-title":"Oncolytic viruses: a new class of immunotherapy drugs","volume":"14","author":"Kaufman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241914609","article-title":"Exploring Tumor-Immune Interactions in Co-Culture Models of T Cells and Tumor Organoids Derived from Patients","volume":"24","author":"Jeong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2010.297","article-title":"Oncolytic virus-initiated protective immunity against prostate cancer","volume":"19","author":"Gujar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2018","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000142657.62689.f6","article-title":"A novel intravesical therapy for superficial bladder cancer in an orthotopic model: oncolytic reovirus therapy","volume":"172","author":"Hanel","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.16012","article-title":"Intravesical oncolytic virotherapy and immunotherapy for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer mouse model","volume":"132","author":"Smelser","year":"2023","journal-title":"BJU Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib67","article-title":"Talimogene Laherparepvec (T-VEC): A Review of the Recent Advances in Cancer Therapy","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.13325","article-title":"Current status of clinical trials assessing oncolytic virus therapy for urological cancers","volume":"24","author":"Taguchi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Urol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.00-0533fje","article-title":"Intravesical oncolytic viral therapy using attenuated, replication-competent herpes simplex viruses G207 and Nv1020 is effective in the treatment of bladder cancer in an orthotopic syngeneic model","volume":"15","author":"Cozzi","year":"2001","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4506","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-08-0238","article-title":"Oncolytic vesicular stomatitis viruses are potent agents for intravesical treatment of high-risk bladder cancer","volume":"68","author":"Hadaschik","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5818","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-18-4022","article-title":"Phase I Trial of an ICAM-1-Targeted Immunotherapeutic-Coxsackievirus A21 (CVA21) as an Oncolytic Agent Against Non Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer","volume":"25","author":"Annels","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-022-00719-w","article-title":"Therapy with oncolytic viruses: progress and challenges","volume":"20","author":"Shalhout","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-9794-7_1","article-title":"Introduction to Oncolytic Virotherapy","volume":"2058","author":"Engeland","year":"2020","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib74","first-page":"646","article-title":"Preclinical and clinical trials of oncolytic vaccinia virus in cancer immunotherapy: a comprehensive review","volume":"20","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2020.07.016","article-title":"Measles virus in cancer therapy","volume":"41","author":"Muhlebach","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gendis.2021.11.011","article-title":"Oncolytic viruses: A novel treatment strategy for breast cancer","volume":"10","author":"Javanbakht","year":"2023","journal-title":"Genes Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omto.2018.02.001","article-title":"Oncolytic Immunotherapy for Bladder Cancer Using Coxsackie A21 Virus","volume":"9","author":"Annels","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. Oncolytics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2010.02.003","article-title":"Virus therapy for bladder cancer","volume":"21","author":"Burke","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000143196.37008.2c","article-title":"Vaccinia virus mediated p53 gene therapy for bladder cancer in an orthotopic murine model","volume":"173","author":"Fodor","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2002.20.4.957","article-title":"Successful adenovirus-mediated wild-type p53 gene transfer in patients with bladder cancer by intravesical vector instillation","volume":"20","author":"Kuball","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib81","first-page":"2811","article-title":"Adenovirus-mediated suicide gene therapy for bladder cancer: comparison of the cytomegalovirus- and Rous sarcoma virus-promoter","volume":"20","author":"Freund","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anticancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)65755-2","article-title":"Phase i study of intravesical vaccinia virus as a vector for gene therapy of bladder cancer","volume":"166","author":"Gomella","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-018-0325-3","article-title":"Intravenous injections of the oncolytic virus M1 as a novel therapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer","volume":"9","author":"Hu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2005.05.041","article-title":"Herpes simplex virus type 1 mutant HF10 oncolytic viral therapy for bladder cancer","volume":"66","author":"Kohno","year":"2005","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mt.6300001","article-title":"Development of a conditionally replicating pseudorabies virus for HER-2\/neu-overexpressing bladder cancer therapy","volume":"15","author":"Shiau","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2020.06.010","article-title":"Developing oncolytic viruses for clinical use: A consortium approach","volume":"56","author":"Kemp","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.01.051","article-title":"SnapShot: Cancer Immunotherapy with Oncolytic Viruses","volume":"176","author":"Gujar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5564","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-10-1233","article-title":"REO-10: a phase I study of intravenous reovirus and docetaxel in patients with advanced cancer","volume":"16","author":"Comins","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2014.21","article-title":"Phase 1 clinical trial of intratumoral reovirus infusion for the treatment of recurrent malignant gliomas in adults","volume":"22","author":"Kicielinski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8155","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.24263","article-title":"A randomized phase II study of pelareorep and docetaxel or docetaxel alone in men with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer: CCTG study IND 209","volume":"9","author":"Eigl","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2018.03.005","article-title":"Canadian Cancer Trials Group (CCTG) IND211: A randomized trial of pelareorep (Reolysin) in patients with previously treated advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer receiving standard salvage therapy","volume":"120","author":"Bradbury","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2655","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-24-2701","article-title":"A Phase II Randomized Study of Paclitaxel Alone or Combined with Pelareorep with or without Avelumab in Metastatic Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer: The BRACELET-01\/PrE0113 Study","volume":"31","author":"Clark","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-19-1117","article-title":"Elucidation of Pelareorep Pharmacodynamics in A Phase I Trial in Patients with KRAS-Mutated Colorectal Cancer","volume":"19","author":"Goel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1007\/s00280-017-3260-6","article-title":"A phase II study of REOLYSIN(\u00ae) (pelareorep) in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel for patients with advanced malignant melanoma","volume":"79","author":"Mahalingam","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-19-2078","article-title":"Pembrolizumab in Combination with the Oncolytic Virus Pelareorep and Chemotherapy in Patients with Advanced Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: A Phase Ib Study","volume":"26","author":"Mahalingam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5087","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-23-0229","article-title":"Comprehensive Single-Cell Immune Profiling Defines the Patient Multiple Myeloma Microenvironment Following Oncolytic Virus Therapy in a Phase Ib Trial","volume":"29","author":"Nawrocki","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-020-07038-2","article-title":"Immune characterization of metastatic colorectal cancer patients post reovirus administration","volume":"20","author":"Parakrama","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2871","DOI":"10.2217\/fon-2022-0453","article-title":"GOBLET: a phase I\/II study of pelareorep and atezolizumab +\/- chemo in advanced or metastatic gastrointestinal cancers","volume":"18","author":"Collienne","year":"2022","journal-title":"Future Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-023-02344-5","article-title":"Combination of pembrolizumab and pelareorep promotes anti-tumour immunity in advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC)","volume":"129","author":"Mahalingam","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1038\/gt.2014.34","article-title":"Mammalian orthoreovirus T3D infects U-118 MG cell spheroids independent of junction adhesion molecule-A","volume":"21","author":"Dautzenberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gene Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-2-26","article-title":"Sample size and power estimation for studies with health related quality of life outcomes: a comparison of four methods using the SF-36","volume":"2","author":"Walters","year":"2004","journal-title":"Health Qual. Life Outcomes"}],"container-title":["Molecular Therapy Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2950329926000044?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2950329926000044?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T20:24:56Z","timestamp":1778271896000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2950329926000044"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":101,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S2950329926000044"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128","relation":{},"ISSN":["2950-3299"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2950-3299","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Improved oncolytic and immunostimulatory activity of the spontaneous jin-3 reovirus mutant in preclinical bladder cancer models","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Molecular Therapy Oncology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.omton.2026.201128","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The American Society of Gene and Cell Therapy.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"201128"}}