{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,9]],"date-time":"2026-11-09T16:44:54Z","timestamp":1794242694959,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758672000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82204160"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82204160"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFC2303803"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2303803"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018537","name":"National Science and Technology Major Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018537","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013076","name":"National Major Science and Technology Projects of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021ZD0111201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021ZD0111201"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013076","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["One Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2025.101224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T08:17:39Z","timestamp":1758788259000},"page":"101224","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Associations between the 2022 global mpox outbreak and multifaceted factors: A multi-geographical retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Yuxi","family":"Ge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yifei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziqin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhirui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunyu","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peiyi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziyan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zengmiao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2025.101224_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)02075-X","article-title":"Monkeypox","volume":"401","author":"Mitj\u00e0","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2025.101224_bb0010","first-page":"165","article-title":"Arita, Human monkeypox, 1970-79","volume":"58","author":"Breman","year":"1980","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Organ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2025.101224_bb0015","first-page":"537","article-title":"Multistate outbreak of monkeypox--Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin, 2003","volume":"52","author":"US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2003","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. Mortal Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2025.101224_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800509","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.38.1800509","article-title":"Two cases of monkeypox imported to the United Kingdom, September 2018","volume":"23","author":"Vaughan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2025.101224_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2505.190076","article-title":"Diagnosis of imported monkeypox, Israel, 2018","volume":"25","author":"Erez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2025.101224_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1826","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2608.191387","article-title":"Imported Monkeypox, Singapore","volume":"26","author":"Yong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2025.101224_bb0035","author":"UK Health Security Agency"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2025.101224_bb0040","article-title":"Monkeypox declared a global emergency: will it help contain the outbreak?","author":"Kozlov","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2025.101224_bb0045","article-title":"WHO ends mpox emergency","author":"Wadman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2025.101224_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1923","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00766-3","article-title":"Mpox emergence in Japan: ongoing risk of establishment in Asia","volume":"401","author":"Endo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2025.101224_bb0055","first-page":"765","article-title":"Risk assessment of public health emergencies concerned in China, July 2023","volume":"38","author":"Mingming","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dis. Surveill."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2025.101224_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.3201\/eid3001.231164","article-title":"Clade I\u2013associated mpox cases associated with sexual contact, the democratic Republic of the Congo","volume":"30","author":"Kibungu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2025.101224_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2791","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03130-3","article-title":"Sustained human outbreak of a new MPXV clade I lineage in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo","volume":"30","author":"Vakaniaki","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2025.101224_bb0070","author":"World Health Organization (WHO)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2025.101224_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2200620","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.36.2200620","article-title":"A large multi-country outbreak of monkeypox across 41 countries in the WHO European Region, 7 March to 23 August 2022","volume":"27","author":"Vaughan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2025.101224_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1126\/science.add4153","article-title":"Multiple lineages of monkeypox virus detected in the United States, 2021\u20132022","volume":"378","author":"Gigante","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2025.101224_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01907-y","article-title":"Phylogenomic characterization and signs of microevolution in the 2022 multi-country outbreak of monkeypox virus","volume":"28","author":"Isidro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2025.101224_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adg8116","article-title":"APOBEC3 deaminase editing in mpox virus as evidence for sustained human transmission since at least 2016","volume":"382","author":"Toole","year":"2023","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2025.101224_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1012","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(23)00198-5","article-title":"Description of the first global outbreak of mpox: an analysis of global surveillance data","volume":"11","author":"Laurenson-Schafer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2025.101224_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1980","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-022-01259-w","article-title":"Retrospective detection of monkeypox virus in the testes of nonhuman primate survivors","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2025.101224_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1126\/science.add5966","article-title":"Why monkeypox is mostly hitting men who have sex with men","volume":"376","author":"Kupferschmidt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2025.101224_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4100","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-38816-8","article-title":"The role of vaccination and public awareness in forecasts of Mpox incidence in the United Kingdom","volume":"14","author":"Brand","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"2022","key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2025.101224_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1126\/science.add4507","article-title":"Heavy-tailed sexual contact networks and monkeypox epidemiology in the global outbreak","volume":"378","author":"Endo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2025.101224_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2704.203569","article-title":"Reemergence of human monkeypox and declining population immunity in the context of urbanization, Nigeria, 2017-2020","volume":"27","author":"Nguyen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2025.101224_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052946","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1052946","article-title":"Monkeypox outbreaks in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: network and clustering analyses of global risks and modified SEIR prediction of epidemic trends","volume":"11","author":"Gao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2025.101224_bb0130","author":"World Health Organization"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2025.101224_bb0135","author":"UK Health Security Agency"},{"issue":"2022","key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2025.101224_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7132e3","article-title":"Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of Monkeypox cases\u2014 United States, may 17\u2013July 22","volume":"71","author":"Philpott","year":"2022","journal-title":"Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2025.101224_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(22)00664-8","article-title":"The global landscape of smallpox vaccination history and implications for current and future orthopoxvirus susceptibility: a modelling study","volume":"23","author":"Taube","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2025.101224_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16262","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1005769107","article-title":"Major increase in human monkeypox incidence 30 years after smallpox vaccination campaigns cease in the Democratic Republic of Congo","volume":"107","author":"Rimoin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2025.101224_bb0160","author":"Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estat\u00edstica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2025.101224_bb0165","article-title":"Associations between nighttime light and COVID-19 incidence and mortality in the United States","volume":"112","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2025.101224_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1057\/s41599-021-00775-0","article-title":"Changes in mobility and socioeconomic conditions during the COVID-19 outbreak","volume":"8","author":"Due\u00f1as","year":"2021","journal-title":"Humanit. Soc. Sci. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2025.101224_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000001705","article-title":"Current evidence demonstrates that monkeypox is a sexually transmitted infection","volume":"50","author":"Allan-Blitz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sex. Transm. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2025.101224_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2377","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.7.2377","article-title":"Effects of changes in human ecology and behavior on infections diseases: an introduction","volume":"91","author":"Roizman","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2025.101224_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1334238","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1334238","article-title":"The re-emergence and transmission of Monkeypox virus in Nigeria: the role of one health","volume":"11","author":"Ogunleye","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2025.101224_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)02187-0","article-title":"Human monkeypox virus infection in women and non-binary individuals during the 2022 outbreaks: a global case series","volume":"400","author":"Thornhill","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2025.101224_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-005-8961-3","article-title":"Emerging and reemerging infectious diseases: biocomplexity as an interdisciplinary paradigm","volume":"2","author":"Wilcox","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ecohealth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2025.101224_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1080\/00224497409550854","article-title":"Urbanization and the gay life","volume":"10","author":"Harry","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Sex Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2025.101224_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5366","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19158-1","article-title":"Dramatic uneven urbanization of large cities throughout the world in recent decades","volume":"11","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."}],"container-title":["One Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352771425002605?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352771425002605?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T22:01:00Z","timestamp":1769032860000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2352771425002605"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["S2352771425002605"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.onehlt.2025.101224","relation":{},"ISSN":["2352-7714"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2352-7714","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Associations between the 2022 global mpox outbreak and multifaceted factors: A multi-geographical retrospective study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"One Health","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.onehlt.2025.101224","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101224"}}