{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T05:11:01Z","timestamp":1793337061197,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771027200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000193","name":"International Development Research Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["109304-002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["109304-002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000193","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["One Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101364","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T08:10:43Z","timestamp":1771315843000},"page":"101364","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Characterization of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and phylogenetic analysis of E. coli strains isolated from healthy broilers in Rawalpindi, Pakistan"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Ayaz Ali","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Ibrahim","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Habib","family":"Ullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farwa","family":"Gohar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aitezaz","family":"Ahsan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamid","family":"Irshad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rabaab","family":"Zahra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101364_bb0005","series-title":"OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2025\u20132034","author":"OECD\/FAO","year":"2025"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101364_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci12080733","article-title":"Challenges and future prospects of Pakistan\u2019s animal industry: economic potential, emerging trends, and strategic directions","volume":"12","author":"Ali Khan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Vet. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101364_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10051121","article-title":"Microbial resistance to antibiotics and effective antibiotherapy","volume":"10","author":"Chi\u0219","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101364_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2024.102592","article-title":"Antibiotic residues in poultry products and bacterial resistance: a review in developing countries","volume":"17","author":"Abou-Jaoudeh","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Infect. Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101364_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0001305","article-title":"Global trends in antimicrobial use in food-producing animals: 2020 to 2030","volume":"3","author":"Mulchandani","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLOS Glob. Public Health"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101364_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1946","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11131946","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance: a growing serious threat for global public health","volume":"11","author":"Salam","year":"2023","journal-title":"Healthcare"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101364_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12010148","article-title":"Prevalence of carbapenemase and extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae: a cross-sectional study","volume":"12","author":"Mustafai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101364_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-18294-2","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of the global prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistant Morganella morganii clinical isolates","volume":"15","author":"Tasanapak","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101364_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/4315030","article-title":"Colistin resistance and management of drug resistant infections","volume":"2022","author":"Sharma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Can. J. Infect. Dis. Med. Microbiol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101364_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1111\/1348-0421.13222","article-title":"Horizontal gene transfer systems for spread of antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative bacteria","volume":"69","author":"Wachino","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101364_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2023.102291","article-title":"Reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance in the context of one health","volume":"73","author":"Despotovic","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Microbiol."},{"issue":"45","key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101364_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101896","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-023-29434-4","article-title":"Addressing antimicrobial resistance in low and middle-income countries: overcoming challenges and implementing effective strategies","volume":"30","author":"Rony","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101364_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0270707","article-title":"Dissemination of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales in the community of Rawalpindi, Pakistan","volume":"17","author":"Habib","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101364_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11050635","article-title":"Temporal variation of meropenem resistance in E. coli isolated from sewage water in Islamabad, Pakistan","volume":"11","author":"Yasmin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101364_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.985300","article-title":"Phylogrouping and characterization of Escherichia coli isolated from colonic biopsies and fecal samples of patients with flare of inflammatory bowel disease in Iran","volume":"9","author":"Nadalian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101364_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6823","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/19.24.6823","article-title":"Distribution of repetitive DNA sequences in eubacteria and application to fingerprinting of bacterial genomes","volume":"19","author":"Versalovic","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101364_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10050598","article-title":"Quantification and trends of antimicrobial use in commercial broiler chicken production in Pakistan","volume":"10","author":"Umair","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101364_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30456-4","article-title":"Global increases in antibiotic consumption: a concerning trend for WHO targets","volume":"21","author":"Roberts","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101364_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2021.1935238","article-title":"Progress on the national action plan of Pakistan on antimicrobial resistance (AMR): a narrative review and the implications","volume":"20","author":"Saleem","year":"2022","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Anti-Infect. Ther."},{"issue":"sup1","key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101364_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/16549716.2019.1697541","article-title":"Excessive use of medically important antimicrobials in food animals in Pakistan: a five-year surveillance survey","volume":"12","author":"Mohsin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Glob. Health Action"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101364_bb0105","article-title":"First case report on quantification of antimicrobial use in corporate dairy farms in Pakistan","volume":"26","author":"Umair","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101364_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13081362","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance among gastrointestinal bacteria in broilers: a review focused on Enterococcus spp. and Escherichia coli","volume":"13","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2023","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101364_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S296219","article-title":"The Escherichia coli sequence type 131 harboring extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and carbapenemases genes from poultry birds","volume":"14","author":"Ilyas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infect. Drug Resist."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101364_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.105998","article-title":"Poultry fecal Escherichia coli contaminate soil, water, and vegetables in Gazipur, Bangladesh: potential implications for the environment and public health","volume":"104","author":"Islam","year":"2025","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101364_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1298582","article-title":"Prevalence of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates and virulence gene expression in poultry farms in Jos, Nigeria [original research]","volume":"15","author":"Agusi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101364_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2155","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2021.2155-2159","article-title":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection of avian origin: zoonosis and one health implications","volume":"14","author":"Abd El-Ghany","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet. World"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101364_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.05.051","article-title":"Staphylococci in poultry intestines: a comparison between farmed and household chickens1","volume":"99","author":"Syed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101364_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60010130","article-title":"Exploring the interplay of the CRISPR-CAS system with antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus: a poultry meat study from Lahore, Pakistan","volume":"60","author":"Shabbir","year":"2024","journal-title":"Medicina"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101364_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0232913","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology, genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from chicken and pig carcasses, and carcass handlers","volume":"15","author":"Okorie-Kanu","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2609","key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101364_bb0150","article-title":"Exploring Klebsiella pneumoniae in healthy poultry reveals high genetic diversity, good biofilm-forming abilities and higher prevalence in turkeys than broilers [original research]","volume":"12","author":"Franklin-Alming","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"issue":"05","key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101364_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.10924","article-title":"\u03b2-lactam and fluoroquinolone resistance in Enterobacteriaceae from imported and locally-produced chicken in Mozambique","volume":"14","author":"Faife","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dev. Ctries."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101364_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1685522","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli from broilers in large-scale poultry farms in Shandong Province [original research]","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101364_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.664","article-title":"Epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli in broiler chickens, farmworkers, and farm sewage in Bangladesh","volume":"8","author":"Mandal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vet. Med. Sci."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101364_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S81","DOI":"10.4103\/mjbl.mjbl_204_23","article-title":"Prevalence and molecular detection of virulence genes among multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli from human clinical samples and poultry in Duhok City, Iraq","volume":"21","author":"Albazaz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med. J. Babylon"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101364_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.11648\/j.ijmb.20200502.11","article-title":"Emergence of multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in broiler chicks","volume":"5","author":"Badr","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101364_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-86570-y","article-title":"Detection of extended spectrum beta-lactamase genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from patients in rural Eastern Cape Province, South Africa","volume":"11","author":"Hosu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101364_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S293290","article-title":"Analysis of antibiotic resistance and virulence traits (genetic and phenotypic) in Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates from Pakistan: identification of significant levels of carbapenem and colistin resistance","volume":"14","author":"Imtiaz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infect. Drug Resist."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101364_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2017","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2024.2017-2027","article-title":"Extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli from poultry: a review","volume":"17","author":"Widodo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vet. World"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101364_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1573614","article-title":"Prevalence and characterization of ESBL-producing diarrheagenic Escherichia coli from the poultry industry in Shanghai, China [original research]","volume":"16","author":"Que","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101364_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0285743","article-title":"Molecular detection and antimicrobial resistance profiles of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli in broiler chicken farms in Malaysia","volume":"18","author":"Lemlem","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101364_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlaf125","article-title":"Occurrence of cefotaxime-resistant and beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales in poultry from small-scale farms in the Copperbelt province of Zambia","volume":"7","author":"Nasilele","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAC Antimicrob. Resist."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101364_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-023-03118-y","article-title":"Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of colistin-resistant Escherichia Coli with mcr-4, mcr-5, mcr-6, and mcr-9 genes from broiler chicken and farm environment","volume":"23","author":"Lemlem","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101364_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2022.03.024","article-title":"Prevalence of colistin resistance gene mcr-1 in Escherichia coli isolated from chickens in Central China, 2014 to 2019","volume":"29","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Glob. Antimicrob. Resist."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101364_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13081409","article-title":"Colistin resistance genes in broiler chickens in Tunisia","volume":"13","author":"Francesco","year":"2023","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101364_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.150689","article-title":"Widespread prevalence and molecular epidemiology of tet(X4) and mcr-1 harboring Escherichia coli isolated from chickens in Pakistan","volume":"806","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101364_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1111\/1758-2229.12019","article-title":"The Clermont Escherichia coli phylo-typing method revisited: improvement of specificity and detection of new phylo-groups","volume":"5","author":"Clermont","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Microbiol. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101364_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-024-03636-3","article-title":"Characterization of non-O157 enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli isolated from different sources in Egypt","volume":"24","author":"Bahgat","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101364_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.938477","article-title":"Phenotypicand genotypic characterization of clinical isolates of intracellular adherent\u2013invasive Escherichia coli among different stages, family history, and treated colorectal cancer patients in Iran","volume":"12","author":"Kamali Dolatabadi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101364_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.790184","article-title":"Phylogenetic group distribution of uropathogenic Escherichia coli and related antimicrobial resistance pattern: a meta-analysis and systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Halaji","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."}],"container-title":["One Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352771426000480?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352771426000480?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T14:00:21Z","timestamp":1789740021000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2352771426000480"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["S2352771426000480"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101364","relation":{},"ISSN":["2352-7714"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2352-7714","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Characterization of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and phylogenetic analysis of E. coli strains isolated from healthy broilers in Rawalpindi, Pakistan","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"One Health","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101364","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101364"}}