{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T07:28:54Z","timestamp":1793604534431,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100031724","name":"Nepal Health Research Council, Government of Nepal","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100031724","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["One Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101528","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T15:13:33Z","timestamp":1785510813000},"page":"101528","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Human risk factors associated with the presence of antibodies against Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in captive Asian elephants from Chitwan valley, Nepal"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Rajesh Man","family":"Rajbhandari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Queir\u00f3s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantin P.","family":"Lyashchenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajindra","family":"Napit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nisha","family":"Shrestha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Sadaula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dibesh","family":"Karmacharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"de la Fuente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulo C\u00e9lio","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sampurna","family":"Kachapathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Gort\u00e1zar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101528_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.33.2.2310","article-title":"Improving specific disease outcomes through a one health approach-tuberculosis","volume":"33","author":"Michel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev Sci Tech Off Int Epiz."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101528_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2005.05.002","article-title":"Human Mycobacterium bovis infection in the United Kingdom: incidence, risks, control measures and review of the zoonotic aspects of bovine tuberculosis","volume":"86","author":"De La Rua-Domenech","year":"2006","journal-title":"Tuberculosis (Edinb.)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101528_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2303.161741","article-title":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis in wild Asian elephants, southern India","volume":"23","author":"Zachariah","year":"2017","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101528_bb0020","series-title":"National Tuberculosis Program Annu. Rep. 2075\/76 (2018\/2019)","author":"National Tuberculosis Control Center","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101528_bb0025","series-title":"National Tuberculosis Prevalence Survey Report 2020","author":"Ministry of Health and Population","year":"2020"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101528_bb0030","first-page":"497","article-title":"The role of wildlife in emerging and re-emerging zoonoses","volume":"23","author":"Bengis","year":"2004","journal-title":"OIE Revue Scientifique et Tech."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101528_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1703.101668","article-title":"Elephant-to-human transmission of tuberculosis, 2009","volume":"17","author":"Murphree","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101528_bb0040","series-title":"Livestock Disease Eradication: Evaluation of the Cooperative State-Federal Bovine Tuberculosis Eradication Program","author":"Martin","year":"1994"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101528_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.21-0113","article-title":"Tuberculosis seroprevalence and comparison of hematology and biochemistry parameters between seropositive and seronegative captive Asian elephants of Nepal","volume":"83","author":"Thapa","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101528_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.3126\/janr.v4i2.33828","article-title":"Asian elephants and their status in Nepal: a review","volume":"4","author":"Shrestha","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Agricult. Natl. Resour."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101528_bb0055","first-page":"87","article-title":"Current status of Asian elephants in Nepal","volume":"35","author":"Pradhan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gajah"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101528_bb0060","series-title":"Captive Elephants Freed from a Life in Chains","author":"Bale","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101528_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/10888705.2022.2028628","article-title":"Elephants in Nepal: correlating disease, tourism, and welfare","author":"Szydlowski","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Appl. Anim. Welf. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101528_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/s10344-014-0890-4","article-title":"Tuberculosis surveillance of elephants (Elephas maximus) in Nepal at the captive-wild interface","volume":"61","author":"Mikota","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Wildl. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101528_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00038-09","article-title":"Highly accurate antibody assays for early and rapid detection of tuberculosis in African and Asian elephants","volume":"16","author":"Greenwald","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Vaccine Immunol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101528_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00163-12","article-title":"Field application of serodiagnostics to identify elephants with tuberculosis prior to case confirmation by culture","volume":"19","author":"Lyashchenko","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Vaccine Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101528_bb0085","series-title":"Serodiagnosis of Elephant Tuberculosis: A Useful Tool for Early Identification of Infected","author":"Paudel","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101528_bb0090","series-title":"Nepal Elephant Tuberculosis Control and Management Action Plan (2011-2015)","author":"DNPWC","year":"2011"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101528_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2013.12.008","article-title":"Molecular characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from elephants of Nepal","volume":"94","author":"Paudel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tuberculosis (Edinb.)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101528_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2203.151929","article-title":"Mycobacterium orygis\u2013associated tuberculosis in free-ranging Rhinoceros, Nepal, 2015","volume":"22","author":"Thapa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101528_bb0105","first-page":"151","article-title":"Molecular characterization of Mycobacterium orygis isolates from wild animals of Nepal","volume":"63","author":"Thapa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Vet. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101528_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-020-00881-y","article-title":"Diagnosis of tuberculosis in wildlife: a systematic review","volume":"52","author":"Thomas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101528_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2024.102550","article-title":"Epidemiology and molecular characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis including a drug-resistant strain associated with mortality of Asian elephants in Nepal 2019\u20132022","volume":"148","author":"Pandit","year":"2024","journal-title":"Tuberculosis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101528_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2011.02.007","article-title":"Tuberculosis at the human-animal interface: an emerging disease of elephants","volume":"91","author":"Mikota","year":"2011","journal-title":"Tuberculosis"},{"issue":"SUPPL1","key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101528_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12099","article-title":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis at the human\/wildlife interface in a high TB burden country","volume":"60","author":"Michel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transbound. Emerg. Dis."},{"issue":"2 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101528_bb0135","first-page":"237","article-title":"Unusual outbreak of tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium bovis in a closed colony of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)","volume":"30","author":"Zumpe","year":"1980","journal-title":"Lab. Anim. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101528_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-015-0217-9","article-title":"Bridge hosts, a missing link for disease ecology in multi-host systems","volume":"46","author":"Caron","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101528_bb0145","series-title":"Global Exposition of Wildlife Management","article-title":"Wildlife tuberculosis: an emerging threat for conservation in South Asia","author":"Thapa","year":"2017"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101528_bb0150","first-page":"1","article-title":"Understanding Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in elephants through a one health approach: a systematic review","volume":"18","author":"Rajbhandari","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Vet. Res. [Internet]"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101528_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133823","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1133823","article-title":"Phylogenomic analysis supports Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission between humans and elephants","volume":"10","author":"Rajbhandari","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101528_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3555","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.7.3555-3557.2005","article-title":"Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from human to cattle","volume":"43","author":"Ocepek","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol. [Internet]"}],"container-title":["One Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352771426002120?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352771426002120?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T07:18:24Z","timestamp":1793603904000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2352771426002120"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":31,"alternative-id":["S2352771426002120"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101528","relation":{},"ISSN":["2352-7714"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2352-7714","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Human risk factors associated with the presence of antibodies against Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in captive Asian elephants from Chitwan valley, Nepal","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"One Health","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101528","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101528"}}