{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T07:03:52Z","timestamp":1789974232894,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787443200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001377","name":"Walther Cancer Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Cancer Cure Ventures"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Cancer Cure Ventures"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001377","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000072","name":"National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F31 DE021926"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F31 DE021926"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000072","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Oral Oncology Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.oor.2026.100800","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T15:09:07Z","timestamp":1788534547000},"page":"100800","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Programmed cell death ligand 2 (PD-L2) expression is inversely correlated with human papillomavirus status in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) tumors"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Jeff J.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7898-2717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wanrui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zonggao","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annie","family":"Roble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Crowley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madison","family":"McFarland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2104-4614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel L.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark W.","family":"Lingen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4563-7390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Sharon","family":"Stack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.oor.2026.100800_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20112017","article-title":"Virology and molecular pathogenesis of HPV (human papillomavirus)-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"443","author":"Miller","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.oor.2026.100800_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-022-00603-7","article-title":"HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer: epidemiology, molecular biology and clinical management","volume":"19","author":"Lechner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oor.2026.100800_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2020.04.027","article-title":"The current epidemic of HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer: an 18-year Danish population-based study with 2,169 patients","volume":"134","author":"Zamani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.oor.2026.100800_bib5","article-title":"Lymphatic dissemination of HPV-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: underlying mechanisms and treatment innovations","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.oor.2026.100800_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-023-02927-9","article-title":"HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer: in search of surrogate biomarkers for early lesions","volume":"43","author":"Lim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.oor.2026.100800_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2014.11.018","article-title":"Identification of a human papillomavirus-associated oncogenic miRNA panel in human oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma validated by bioinformatics analysis of the Cancer Genome Atlas","volume":"185","author":"Miller","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.oor.2026.100800_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2020.12.007","article-title":"PD1 expression and correlation with its ligands in oral cancer specimens and peripheral blood","volume":"49","author":"Wehrhan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oor.2026.100800_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2415434","article-title":"Neoadjuvant and adjuvant pembrolizumab in locally advanced head and neck cancer","volume":"393","author":"Uppaluri","year":"2025","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.oor.2026.100800_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1007\/s11864-023-01050-x","article-title":"Immunotherapy in HPV-Related oropharyngeal cancers","volume":"24","author":"Roof","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oor.2026.100800_bib10","article-title":"An update on the immunotherapy for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"12","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.oor.2026.100800_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3887","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1992.tb05481.x","article-title":"Induced expression of PD-1, a novel member of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily, upon programmed cell death","volume":"11","author":"Ishida","year":"1992","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"issue":"D1","key":"10.1016\/j.oor.2026.100800_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D127","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz757","article-title":"miRDB: an online database for prediction of functional microRNA targets","volume":"48","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.oor.2026.100800_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e115","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2024-0388-CP","article-title":"Human papillomavirus testing in head and neck carcinomas: guideline update","volume":"149","author":"Lewis","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oor.2026.100800_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2019.06.032","article-title":"Immune profiles in primary squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck","volume":"96","author":"Saloura","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oor.2026.100800_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00550","article-title":"The PD1:PD-L1\/2 pathway from discovery to clinical implementation","volume":"7","author":"Bardhan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.oor.2026.100800_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2405","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200737461","article-title":"PD-L2 expression extends beyond dendritic cells\/macrophages to B1 cells enriched for V(H)11\/V(H)12 and phosphatidylcholine binding","volume":"37","author":"Zhong","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.oor.2026.100800_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.14336","article-title":"Cisplatin-induced programmed cell death ligand-2 expression is associated with metastasis ability in oral squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"111","author":"Sudo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.oor.2026.100800_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-12-2606","article-title":"PD-1 expressing tumor-infiltrating T cells are a favorable prognostic biomarker in HPV-associated head and neck cancer","volume":"73","author":"Badoual","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.oor.2026.100800_bib19","article-title":"Clonogenicity-based radioresistance determines the expression of immune suppressive immune checkpoint molecules after hypofractionated irradiation of MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer cells","volume":"20","author":"Gehre","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.oor.2026.100800_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-12-2384","article-title":"Evidence for a role of the PD-1:PD-L1 pathway in immune resistance of HPV-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"73","author":"Lyford-Pike","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.oor.2026.100800_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2011.08.007","article-title":"Relationship between the expressions of PD-L1 and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in oral squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"47","author":"Cho","year":"2011","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.oor.2026.100800_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3158","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-16-1761","article-title":"PD-L2 expression in human tumors: relevance to Anti-PD-1 therapy in cancer","volume":"23","author":"Yearly","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.oor.2026.100800_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.1929","article-title":"Prognostic significance of PD-L2 expression in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma-A comparison to the PD-L1 expression profile","volume":"8","author":"Weber","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.oor.2026.100800_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2013.639","article-title":"Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes predict for outcome in HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer","volume":"110","author":"Ward","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.oor.2026.100800_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esmoop.2024.103961","article-title":"Expression of PD-L1, PD-L2, and inflammatory gene expression profile in locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"9","author":"Hong","year":"2024","journal-title":"ESMO Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.oor.2026.100800_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-17-0504","article-title":"A correlative analysis of PD-L1, PD-1, PD-L2, EGFR, HER2, and HER3 expression in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"17","author":"Steuer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Cancer Therapeut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oor.2026.100800_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102966","article-title":"Immunotherapy improves efficacy and safety of patients with HPV positive and negative head and neck cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"150","author":"Galvis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Rev Oncol-Hematol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.oor.2026.100800_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.23080","article-title":"PD-L1 (CD274) and PD-L2 (PDCD1LG2) promoter methylation is associated with HPV infection and transcriptional repression in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas","volume":"9","author":"Franzen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"}],"container-title":["Oral Oncology Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2772906026000191?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2772906026000191?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T06:33:54Z","timestamp":1789972434000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2772906026000191"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":28,"alternative-id":["S2772906026000191"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oor.2026.100800","relation":{},"ISSN":["2772-9060"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2772-9060","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Programmed cell death ligand 2 (PD-L2) expression is inversely correlated with human papillomavirus status in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) tumors","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Oral Oncology Reports","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oor.2026.100800","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100800"}}