{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T11:56:04Z","timestamp":1789905364751,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,1]],"date-time":"2005-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1133395200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,1]],"date-time":"2005-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1133395200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013511","name":"Silm\u00e4s\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013511","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aaojournal.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.09.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,2]],"date-time":"2005-12-02T07:24:58Z","timestamp":1133508298000},"page":"2227-2237","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["A Nationwide Population-Based Survey on Visual Acuity, Near Vision, and Self-Reported Visual Function in the Adult Population in Finland"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Arja","family":"Laitinen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seppo","family":"Koskinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tommi","family":"H\u00e4rk\u00e4nen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antti","family":"Reunanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leila","family":"Laatikainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arpo","family":"Aromaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.09.010_bib1","first-page":"335","article-title":"The Framingham Eye Study monograph","volume":"24","author":"Leibowitz","year":"1980","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.09.010_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1990.01070040138048","article-title":"Blindness and visual impairment in an American urban population. The Baltimore Eye Survey","volume":"108","author":"Tielsch","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.09.010_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(91)32137-7","article-title":"The Beaver Dam Eye Study","volume":"98","author":"Klein","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.09.010_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(96)30684-2","article-title":"Visual acuity and the causes of visual loss in Australia. The Blue Mountains Eye Study","volume":"103","author":"Attebo","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.09.010_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)70128-X","article-title":"Visual impairment in Australia","volume":"123","author":"Taylor","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.09.010_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.116.5.653","article-title":"Age-specific prevalence and causes of blindness and visual impairment in an older population","volume":"116","author":"Klaver","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.09.010_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.3109\/09286589609080114","article-title":"Prevalence and causes of blindness in the South Australian population aged 50 and over","volume":"3","author":"Newland","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.09.010_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.73.1.93","article-title":"Validity of a survey question as a measure of visual acuity impairment","volume":"73","author":"Hiller","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.09.010_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1076\/ceyr.17.5.506.5191","article-title":"Self-assessment of the quality of vision","volume":"17","author":"Carta","year":"1998","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.09.010_bib10","first-page":"280","article-title":"Self-reported assessment of visual function in a population-based study: the SEE project. Salisbury Eye Evaluation","volume":"40","author":"Valbuena","year":"1999","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.09.010_bib11","first-page":"5","article-title":"Vision in the elderly and its use in the social environment","volume":"35","author":"Hakkinen","year":"1984","journal-title":"Scand J Soc Med Suppl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.09.010_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0420.1995.tb00648.x","article-title":"Visual acuity and contrast sensitivity in the elderly","volume":"73","author":"Hirvela","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.09.010_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1076\/opep.6.1.49.1569","article-title":"Associations of performance-based and self-reported measures of visual function. The Beaver Dam Eye Study","volume":"6","author":"Klein","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.09.010_bib14","first-page":"64","article-title":"The association of multiple visual impairments with self-reported visual disability","volume":"42","author":"Rubin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.09.010_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0420.1995.tb00646.x","article-title":"Visual acuity in a population aged 70 years or older; prevalence and causes of visual impairment","volume":"73","author":"Hirvela","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.09.010_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.3109\/09286589709057099","article-title":"A comparison of participants with non-participants in a population-based epidemiologic study","volume":"4","author":"Livingston","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.09.010_bib17","unstructured":"Aromaa A, KoskinenS, eds. Health and functional capacity in Finland. Baseline results of the Health 2000 health examination survey. Helsinki, Finland: National Public Health Institute; 2004. KTL B12\/2004. Available at: http:\/\/www.ktl.fi\/health2000\/index.uk.html. Accessed January 4, 2005."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.09.010_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(82)90197-0","article-title":"New visual acuity charts for clinical research","volume":"94","author":"Ferris","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.09.010_bib19","series-title":"Multiple Imputation for Nonresponse in Surveys","author":"Rubin","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.09.010_bib20","series-title":"Practical Methods for Design and Analysis of Complex Surveys","author":"Lehtonen","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.09.010_bib21","series-title":"Health, functional limitations and need for care in Finland. Basic results from the Mini-Finland Health Survey [in Finnish]","first-page":"523","author":"Aromaa","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.09.010_bib22","first-page":"72","article-title":"Function and visual impairment in a population-based study of older adults. The SEE project. Salisbury Eye Evaluation","volume":"38","author":"West","year":"1997","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.09.010_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1840","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(92)31715-4","article-title":"Functional blindness and visual impairment in older adults from three communities","volume":"99","author":"Salive","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.09.010_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2347","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(01)00823-5","article-title":"Prevalence and causes of visual impairment according to World Health Organization and United States criteria in an aged, urban Scandinavian population","volume":"108","author":"Buch","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.09.010_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.86.7.795","article-title":"Prevalence of visual impairment in people aged 75 years and older in Britain","volume":"86","author":"Evans","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.09.010_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0420.2001.790503.x","article-title":"The prevalence and causes of bilateral and unilateral blindness in an elderly urban Danish population. The Copenhagen City Eye Study","volume":"79","author":"Buch","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.09.010_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(98)00275-X","article-title":"Prevalence of blindness and cataract surgery in Shunyi County, China","volume":"126","author":"Zhao","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.09.010_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1602","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(99)90459-1","article-title":"A survey of blindness and cataract surgery in Doumen County, China","volume":"106","author":"Li","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.09.010_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(00)00579-0","article-title":"A population-based eye survey of older adults in a rural district of Rajasthan. I. Central vision impairment, blindness, and cataract surgery","volume":"108","author":"Murthy","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.09.010_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.86.5.505","article-title":"A population based eye survey of older adults in Tirunelveli district of south India","volume":"86","author":"Nirmalan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.09.010_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1076\/opep.9.5.299.10334","article-title":"The Sivaganga survey: I. Blindness and cataract surgery","volume":"9","author":"Thulasiraj","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.09.010_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9136(199709)14:9<732::AID-DIA474>3.0.CO;2-J","article-title":"New blindness in diabetes reduced by more than one-third in Stockholm County","volume":"14","author":"Backlund","year":"1997","journal-title":"Diabetic Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.09.010_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(01)00769-2","article-title":"Changes in visual acuity in a population over a 10-year period. The Beaver Dam Eye Study","volume":"108","author":"Klein","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.09.010_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(02)01974-7","article-title":"Blindness in patients with treated open-angle glaucoma","volume":"110","author":"Chen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.09.010_bib35","unstructured":"Ojamo M. N\u00e4k\u00f6vammarekisterin Vuosikirja 2000 [Statistics on visual impairment in Finland]. Helsinki: Finnish Register of the Visually Handicapped; 2001:38\u201389."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.09.010_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.78.10.736","article-title":"Unrecognised and unregistered visual impairment","volume":"78","author":"Robinson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0161642005010572?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0161642005010572?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T13:49:50Z","timestamp":1758980990000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0161642005010572"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,12]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0161642005010572"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.09.010","relation":{},"ISSN":["0161-6420"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0161-6420","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A Nationwide Population-Based Survey on Visual Acuity, Near Vision, and Self-Reported Visual Function in the Adult Population in Finland","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ophthalmology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.09.010","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2005 American Academy of Ophthalmology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}