{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T18:08:04Z","timestamp":1787162884758,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,1]],"date-time":"2008-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1207008000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.04.061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,1]],"date-time":"2007-08-01T08:55:29Z","timestamp":1185958529000},"page":"678-685.e1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":100,"title":["Prevalence of Hyperopia and Associations with Eye Findings in 6- and 12-Year-Olds"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"Jenny M.","family":"Ip","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dana","family":"Robaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annette","family":"Kifley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie Jin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn A.","family":"Rose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.04.061_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.1991.tb04842.x","article-title":"Chronic open-angle glaucoma and advanced visual field defects in a defined population","volume":"69","author":"Ekstrom","year":"1991","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.04.061_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.121.10.1430","article-title":"A population-based study of the refractive outcome in 10-year-old preterm and full-term children","volume":"121","author":"Larsson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.04.061_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/S1091-8531(03)00017-X","article-title":"Distribution of refractive error in healthy infants","volume":"7","author":"Kuo","year":"2003","journal-title":"J AAPOS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.04.061_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2004.10.048","article-title":"Refractive error and visual impairment in school-age children in Gombak District, Malaysia","volume":"112","author":"Goh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.04.061_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(99)00452-3","article-title":"Refractive Error Study in Children: results from Shunyi District, China","volume":"129","author":"Zhao","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.04.061_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.03-1051","article-title":"Refractive error and visual impairment in urban children in southern China","volume":"45","author":"He","year":"2004","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.04.061_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3764","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.03-0283","article-title":"Refractive error and visual impairment in African children in South Africa","volume":"44","author":"Naidoo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.04.061_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(99)00453-5","article-title":"Refractive Error Study in Children: results from Mechi Zone, Nepal","volume":"129","author":"Pokharel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.04.061_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(99)00454-7","article-title":"Refractive Error Study in Children: results from La Florida, Chile","volume":"129","author":"Maul","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.04.061_bib10","first-page":"623","article-title":"Refractive error in children in an urban population in New Delhi","volume":"43","author":"Murthy","year":"2002","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.04.061_bib11","first-page":"615","article-title":"Refractive error in children in a rural population in India","volume":"43","author":"Dandona","year":"2002","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.04.061_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0420.2005.00615.x","article-title":"Ophthalmological findings in a sample of Swedish children aged 4\u201315 years","volume":"84","author":"Gronlund","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.04.061_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1080\/09286580590967772","article-title":"Prevalence and outcomes of childhood visual disorders","volume":"12","author":"Donnelly","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.04.061_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01324431","article-title":"The prevalence of ocular disorders among Hispanic and Caucasian children screened by the UCLA Mobile Eye Clinic","volume":"18","author":"Fischbach","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Community Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.04.061_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1475-1313.2002.00010.x","article-title":"Referral rates for a functional vision screening among a large cosmopolitan sample of Australian children","volume":"22","author":"Junghans","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.04.061_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.1987.tb00066.x","article-title":"The prevalence of ocular disorders in 1000 Queensland primary schoolchildren","volume":"15","author":"Macfarlane","year":"1987","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.04.061_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.75.7.414","article-title":"Emmetropisation, squint, and reduced visual acuity after treatment","volume":"75","author":"Ingram","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.04.061_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.74.10.589","article-title":"A longitudinal study of children with a family history of strabismus: factors determining the incidence of strabismus","volume":"74","author":"Aurell","year":"1990","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.04.061_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2003.046755","article-title":"Hyperopia and educational attainment in a primary school cohort","volume":"90","author":"Williams","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.04.061_bib20","first-page":"648","article-title":"The relationship between moderate hyperopia and academic achievement: how much plus is enough?","volume":"68","author":"Rosner","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Optom Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.04.061_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1985.tb04575.x","article-title":"Educational attainment of 10-year-old children with treated and untreated visual defects","volume":"27","author":"Stewart-Brown","year":"1985","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.04.061_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1076\/stra.10.3.187.8125","article-title":"Infant vision screening predicts failures on motor and cognitive tests up to school age","volume":"10","author":"Atkinson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Strabismus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.04.061_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1067\/mpa.2001.114662","article-title":"The role of anisometropia in the development of accommodative esotropia","volume":"5","author":"Weakley","year":"2001","journal-title":"J AAPOS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.04.061_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.70.1.12","article-title":"Prediction of amblyopia and squint by means of refraction at age 1 year","volume":"70","author":"Ingram","year":"1986","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.04.061_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1990.124","article-title":"Risk factors in amblyopia","volume":"4","author":"Sjostrand","year":"1990","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.04.061_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2004.05.007","article-title":"Isoametropic amblyopia due to high hyperopia in children","volume":"8","author":"Klimek","year":"2004","journal-title":"J AAPOS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.04.061_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.124.6.878","article-title":"Causes and associations of amblyopia in a population-based sample of 6-year-old Australian children","volume":"124","author":"Robaei","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.04.061_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.123.10.1404","article-title":"Development of spherical equivalent refraction in prematurely born children during the first 10 years of life: a population-based study","volume":"123","author":"Holmstrom","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.04.061_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1080\/09286580490921296","article-title":"Methods for a population-based study of myopia and other eye conditions in school children: the Sydney Myopia Study","volume":"12","author":"Ojaimi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.04.061_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-200003000-00013","article-title":"Measurement of refractive error in Native American preschoolers: validity and reproducibility of autorefraction","volume":"77","author":"Harvey","year":"2000","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.04.061_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(01)01179-8","article-title":"Accuracy and reproducibility of biometry using partial coherence interferometry","volume":"28","author":"Connors","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.04.061_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0420.2003.00092.x","article-title":"Comparison of laser interferometry and ultrasound A-scan in the measurement of axial length","volume":"81","author":"Goyal","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.04.061_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(02)01472-4","article-title":"Reproducibility of the IOLMaster","volume":"28","author":"Gobin","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.04.061_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2005.06.032","article-title":"Accuracy of the Lang II stereotest in screening for binocular disorders in 6-year-old children","volume":"140","author":"Huynh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.04.061_bib36","unstructured":"Robaei D, Huynh SC, Kifley A, et al. Stereoacuity and ocular associations at 12 years: findings from a population-based study. J AAPOS. In press."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.04.061_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.121.8.1141","article-title":"Refractive error and ethnicity in children","volume":"121","author":"Kleinstein","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.04.061_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-200303000-00012","article-title":"Ocular component data in schoolchildren as a function of age and gender","volume":"80","author":"Zadnik","year":"2003","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.04.061_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.04-0618","article-title":"Risk factors for accommodative esotropia among hypermetropic children","volume":"46","author":"Birch","year":"2005","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.04.061_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2003.10.028","article-title":"Anisometropia in Singapore school children","volume":"137","author":"Tong","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.04.061_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(00)00425-5","article-title":"The association between nonstrabismic anisometropia, amblyopia, and subnormal binocularity","volume":"108","author":"Weakley","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.04.061_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2006.02.040","article-title":"Relationship between anisometropia, patient age, and the development of amblyopia","volume":"142","author":"Donahue","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.04.061_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-0263","article-title":"Astigmatism in 12-year-old Australian children: comparisons with a 6-year-old population","volume":"48","author":"Huynh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.04.061_bib44","first-page":"510","article-title":"Are visual anomalies related to reading ability?","volume":"48","author":"Grosvenor","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Am Optom Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.04.061_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0420.2003.00062.x","article-title":"Oculometric features of hyperopia in children with accommodative refractive esotropia","volume":"81","author":"Uretmen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.04.061_bib46","first-page":"215","article-title":"A clinical review of hyperopia in young children","volume":"70","author":"Moore","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Optom Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.04.061_bib47","first-page":"557","article-title":"Effects of nicotinic antagonists on ocular growth and experimental myopia","volume":"42","author":"Stone","year":"2001","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.04.061_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4277","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-1625","article-title":"Associations between childhood refraction and parental smoking","volume":"47","author":"Stone","year":"2006","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.04.061_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2003.033175","article-title":"Childhood myopia and parental smoking","volume":"88","author":"Saw","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0161642007005908?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0161642007005908?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,5]],"date-time":"2019-01-05T10:51:55Z","timestamp":1546685515000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0161642007005908"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,4]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0161642007005908"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.04.061","relation":{},"ISSN":["0161-6420"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0161-6420","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,4]]}}}