{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T20:01:24Z","timestamp":1782331284438,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,1]],"date-time":"2008-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1209600000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,1]],"date-time":"2008-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1209600000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aaojournal.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.07.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,28]],"date-time":"2007-09-28T13:16:46Z","timestamp":1190985406000},"page":"839-844.e2","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Five-Year Outcome of LASIK for Myopia"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"Naoko","family":"Kato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ikuko","family":"Toda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiko","family":"Hori-Komai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chikako","family":"Sakai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuo","family":"Tsubota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.07.012_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2004.08.047","article-title":"Refractive surgery survey 2004","volume":"31","author":"Sandoval","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.07.012_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2004.01.032","article-title":"Refractive surgery survey 2003","volume":"30","author":"Solomon","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.07.012_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.2006.01240.x","article-title":"New Zealand cataract and refractive surgery survey 2004","volume":"34","author":"Elder","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Experiment Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.07.012_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1097\/00004397-200343040-00015","article-title":"Asian Americans: myopia and refractive surgery","volume":"43","author":"Yo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.07.012_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.3928\/1081-597X-20051101-14","article-title":"US trends in refractive surgery: 2004 ISRS\/AAO survey","volume":"21","author":"Duffey","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.07.012_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1080\/02713680590964848","article-title":"LASIK induces minimal regrowth and no haze development in rabbit corneas","volume":"30","author":"Ivarsen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.07.012_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2004.04.046","article-title":"Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in corneal cells after photorefractive keratectomy and laser in situ keratomileusis in rabbits","volume":"30","author":"Miyamoto","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.07.012_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(02)01611-5","article-title":"Histological and immunohistochemical findings after laser in situ keratomileusis in human corneas","volume":"29","author":"Philipp","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.07.012_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0420.2002.800303.x","article-title":"Growth factors in corneal wound healing following refractive surgery: a review","volume":"8","author":"Baldwin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.07.012_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1840","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(01)01141-5","article-title":"Relation between corneal haze and transforming growth factor-beta1 after photorefractive keratectomy and laser in situ keratomileusis","volume":"27","author":"Kaji","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.07.012_bib11","first-page":"451","article-title":"Immunohistology of corneal wound healing after photorefractive keratectomy and laser in situ keratomileusis","volume":"15","author":"Wachtlin","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.07.012_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.08.013","article-title":"Evidence for superior efficacy and safety of LASIK over photorefractive keratectomy for correction of myopia","volume":"113","author":"Shortt","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.07.012_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2005.075127","article-title":"Five year follow up of laser in situ keratomileusis for all levels of myopia","volume":"90","author":"O'Doherty","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.07.012_bib14","first-page":"S633","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of LASIK in 10,052 eyes of 5081 myopic Chinese patients","volume":"21","author":"Sun","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.07.012_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0420.2005.00385.x","article-title":"Laser in situ keratomileusis for different degrees of myopia","volume":"83","author":"Lin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.07.012_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.3928\/1081-597X-20040301-05","article-title":"Laser subepithelial keratomileusis for myopia of \u22126 to \u221210 diopters with astigmatism with the MEL60 laser","volume":"20","author":"Bilgihan","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.07.012_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(02)01444-X","article-title":"Laser-assisted subepithelial keratectomy for low to high myopia and astigmatism","volume":"28","author":"Shahinian","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.07.012_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.3928\/1081-597X-20020501-03","article-title":"Laser in situ keratomileusis for myopic astigmatism with the Nidek EC-5000 laser","volume":"18","author":"Payvar","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.07.012_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(02)01013-8","article-title":"Tracker-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis for myopia using the autonomous scanning and tracking laser: 12-month results","volume":"109","author":"Chitkara","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.07.012_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1952","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(01)01071-9","article-title":"Laser in situ keratomileusis for the correction of myopia and myopic astigmatism","volume":"27","author":"Yang","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.07.012_bib21","first-page":"870","article-title":"Clinical outcome after in situ laser keratomileusis (LASIK) for myopia: a series of 390 eyes","volume":"23","author":"Bokobza","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Fr Ophtalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.07.012_bib22","first-page":"653","article-title":"Laser in situ keratomileusis for myopic astigmatism","volume":"15","author":"Rashad","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.07.012_bib23","first-page":"285","article-title":"Laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for the treatment of low, moderate, and high myopia","volume":"95","author":"Lindstrom","year":"1997","journal-title":"Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.07.012_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(03)00062-2","article-title":"Six-year follow-up of laser in situ keratomileusis for moderate and extreme myopia using a first-generation excimer laser and microkeratome","volume":"29","author":"Sekundo","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.07.012_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.3928\/1081-597X-20020101-07","article-title":"Risk factors for insufficient fixation of microkeratome during laser in situ keratomileusis","volume":"18","author":"Asano-Kato","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.07.012_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.02-0526","article-title":"Refractive errors, axial ocular dimensions, and age-related cataracts: the Tanjong Pagar survey","volume":"44","author":"Wong","year":"2003","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.07.012_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2373","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.02-0944","article-title":"Ocular measurements throughout the adult life span of rhesus monkeys","volume":"44","author":"Fernandes","year":"2003","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.07.012_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2005.00298.x","article-title":"Myopia and associated pathological complications","volume":"25","author":"Saw","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.07.012_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.3928\/1081-597X-20010701-03","article-title":"Changes in intraocular pressure after laser in situ keratomileusis","volume":"17","author":"Rashad","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.07.012_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1177\/112067210501500113","article-title":"Central corneal thickness and intraocular pressure relationship in eyes with and without previous LASIK: comparison of Goldmann applanation tonometer with pneumatonometer","volume":"15","author":"Bayraktar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.07.012_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1985.01050100054017","article-title":"Precision of cell density estimates and endothelial cell loss with age","volume":"103","author":"Cheng","year":"1985","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.07.012_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2415-6-9","article-title":"Corneal endothelial cell density and morphology in normal Iranian eyes","volume":"6","author":"Hashemian","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.07.012_bib33","first-page":"779","article-title":"Central corneal endothelial cell changes over a ten-year period","volume":"38","author":"Bourne","year":"1997","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.07.012_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(02)01757-9","article-title":"Epithelial ingrowth after laser in situ keratomileusis: clinical features and possible mechanisms","volume":"134","author":"Asano-Kato","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.07.012_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(00)00357-3","article-title":"Epithelial ingrowth after laser in situ keratomileusis","volume":"129","author":"Wang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.07.012_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(00)00468-5","article-title":"Diffuse lamellar keratitis: diagnosis and management","volume":"26","author":"Linebarger","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.07.012_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.3928\/1081-597X-20040101-12","article-title":"Risk factors for development of diffuse lamellar keratitis after laser in situ keratomileusis","volume":"20","author":"Noda-Tsuruya","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.07.012_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.3928\/1081-597X-20030101-06","article-title":"Diffuse lamellar keratitis and flap margin epithelial healing after laser in situ keratomileusis","volume":"19","author":"Asano-Kato","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.07.012_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(98)80057-6","article-title":"Iatrogenic keratectasia after LASIK in a case of forme fruste keratoconus","volume":"24","author":"Seiler","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.07.012_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.3928\/1081-597X-20000501-12","article-title":"Keratectasia induced by laser in situ keratomileusis in keratoconus","volume":"16","author":"Schmitt-Bernard","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.07.012_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(99)00340-5","article-title":"Corneal ectasia detected after laser in situ keratomileusis for correction of less than \u221212 diopters of myopia","volume":"26","author":"Joo","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.07.012_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.3928\/1081-597X-19980501-15","article-title":"Iatrogenic keratectasia after laser in situ keratomileusis","volume":"14","author":"Seiler","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.07.012_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(01)01321-9","article-title":"Reasons for not performing refractive surgery","volume":"28","author":"Hori-Komai","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.07.012_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(99)00011-5","article-title":"Functional vision and corneal changes after laser in situ keratomileusis determined by contrast sensitivity, glare testing, and corneal topography","volume":"25","author":"Holladay","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.07.012_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1007\/s003470050482","article-title":"Twilight visual acuity after correction of myopia with LASIK","volume":"96","author":"Knorz","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ophthalmologe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.07.012_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2004.08.057","article-title":"Experience with the Artisan phakic intraocular lens in Asian eyes","volume":"31","author":"Asano-Kato","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0161642007007816?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0161642007007816?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T13:56:36Z","timestamp":1758981396000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0161642007007816"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0161642007007816"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.07.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["0161-6420"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0161-6420","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Five-Year Outcome of LASIK for Myopia","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ophthalmology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.07.012","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2008 American Academy of Ophthalmology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}