{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T15:03:19Z","timestamp":1791558199550,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,1]],"date-time":"2008-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1222819200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,1]],"date-time":"2008-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1222819200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HL69979-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL69979-03"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aaojournal.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.03.021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,6]],"date-time":"2008-06-06T04:30:04Z","timestamp":1212726604000},"page":"1742-1749","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Inflammation, Complement Factor H, and Age-Related Macular Degeneration"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"Ronald","family":"Klein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Knudtson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara E.K.","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tien Y.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary Frances","family":"Cotch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ching Y.","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory L.","family":"Burke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed F.","family":"Saad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"David R.","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. Richey","family":"Sharrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.03.021_bib1","series-title":"Retinal Diseases","first-page":"87","article-title":"Patterns in macular degeneration","author":"Sarks","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.03.021_bib2","first-page":"364","article-title":"Senile macular degeneration: the involvement of giant cells in atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium","volume":"27","author":"Penfold","year":"1986","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.03.021_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6257(03)00030-4","article-title":"Age-related macular degeneration: etiology, pathogenesis, and therapeutic strategies","volume":"48","author":"Ambati","year":"2003","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.03.021_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2005.12.001","article-title":"The role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration","volume":"51","author":"Donoso","year":"2006","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.03.021_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(02)01624-0","article-title":"A role for local inflammation in the formation of drusen in the aging eye","volume":"134","author":"Anderson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.03.021_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-9462(01)00010-6","article-title":"An integrated hypothesis that considers drusen as biomarkers of immune-mediated processes at the RPE-Bruch's membrane interface in aging and age-related macular degeneration","volume":"20","author":"Hageman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.03.021_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-9462(00)00025-2","article-title":"Immunological and aetiological aspects of macular degeneration","volume":"20","author":"Penfold","year":"2001","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.03.021_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2318","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1987.03390170074031","article-title":"Leukocytes and the risk of ischemic diseases","volume":"257","author":"Ernst","year":"1987","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.03.021_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1992.03480090101035","article-title":"White blood cell count and cardiovascular disease: insights from the Framingham Study","volume":"267","author":"Kannel","year":"1992","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.03.021_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1992.01080240041025","article-title":"Risk factors for neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"110","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.03.021_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(93)31634-9","article-title":"The relationship of cardiovascular disease and its risk factors to age-related maculopathy: the Beaver Dam Eye Study","volume":"100","author":"Klein","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.03.021_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.116.5.583","article-title":"Plasma fibrinogen levels, other cardiovascular risk factors, and age-related maculopathy: the Blue Mountains Eye Study","volume":"116","author":"Smith","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.03.021_bib13","series-title":"Age-Related Macular Degeneration","first-page":"31","article-title":"Epidemiology","author":"Klein","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.03.021_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.117.9.1203","article-title":"Prevalence of age-related maculopathy in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study","volume":"117","author":"Klein","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.03.021_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2224","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(00)00409-7","article-title":"Risk factors associated with age-related macular degeneration: a case-control study in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study","volume":"107","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.03.021_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(99)90255-5","article-title":"Age-related maculopathy in a multiracial United States population: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III","volume":"106","author":"Klein","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.03.021_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(02)01565-8","article-title":"Early age-related maculopathy in the Cardiovascular Health Study","volume":"110","author":"Klein","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.03.021_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1804","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(97)30023-2","article-title":"The relation of cardiovascular disease and its risk factors to the 5-year incidence of age-related maculopathy: the Beaver Dam Eye Study","volume":"104","author":"Klein","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.03.021_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1076\/opep.6.2.125.1558","article-title":"Do age-related macular degeneration and cardiovascular disease share common antecedents?","volume":"6","author":"Snow","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.03.021_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(86)33702-3","article-title":"Risk factors in age-related maculopathy complicated by choroidal neovascularization","volume":"93","author":"Blumenkranz","year":"1986","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.03.021_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.121.5.674","article-title":"Association of emphysema, gout, and inflammatory markers with long-term incidence of age-related maculopathy","volume":"121","author":"Klein","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.03.021_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.6.704","article-title":"Association between C-reactive protein and age-related macular degeneration","volume":"291","author":"Seddon","year":"2004","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.03.021_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.123.6.774","article-title":"Progression of age-related macular degeneration: prospective assessment of C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, and other cardiovascular biomarkers","volume":"123","author":"Seddon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.03.021_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2005.01.051","article-title":"Systemic markers of inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and age-related maculopathy","volume":"140","author":"Klein","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.03.021_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.125.3.300","article-title":"High-sensitivity C-reactive protein, other markers of inflammation, and the incidence of macular degeneration in women","volume":"125","author":"Schaumberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.03.021_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1983","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-0223","article-title":"Circulating inflammatory markers and hemostatic factors in age-related maculopathy: a population-based case-control study","volume":"48","author":"Wu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.03.021_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.119.9.1354","article-title":"Medication use and the 5-year incidence of early age-related maculopathy: the Beaver Dam Eye Study","volume":"119","author":"Klein","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.03.021_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.119.8.1143","article-title":"Age-related maculopathy in a randomized trial of low-dose aspirin among US physicians","volume":"119","author":"Christen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.03.021_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.09.018","article-title":"A case-control study of drug risk factors for age-related macular degeneration","volume":"114","author":"Douglas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.03.021_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2004.10.047","article-title":"Risk factors for the incidence of advanced age-related macular degeneration in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS)","volume":"112","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.03.021_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2003.10.024","article-title":"Is medication use associated with the incidence of early age-related maculopathy?","volume":"111","author":"van Leeuwen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.03.021_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2006.05.001","article-title":"The genetics of age-related macular degeneration: a review of progress to date","volume":"51","author":"Haddad","year":"2006","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.03.021_bib33","first-page":"196","article-title":"An update on the genetics of age-related macular degeneration","volume":"13","author":"Scholl","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol Vis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.03.021_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e31802e3e9b","article-title":"Role of genetic factors and inflammation in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"27","author":"Moshfeghi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.03.021_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.296.3.301","article-title":"Complement factor H polymorphism, complement activators, and risk of age-related macular degeneration","volume":"296","author":"Despriet","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.03.021_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890601097030","article-title":"Extended haplotypes in the complement factor H (CFH) and CFH-related (CFHR) family of genes protect against age-related macular degeneration: characterization, ethnic distribution and evolutionary implications","volume":"38","author":"Hageman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.03.021_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(00)00663-1","article-title":"Age-related macular degeneration is associated with increased vascular endothelial growth factor, hemorheology and endothelial dysfunction","volume":"108","author":"Lip","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.03.021_bib38","first-page":"385","article-title":"Foveolar choroidal blood flow in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"39","author":"Grunwald","year":"1998","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.03.021_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199902113400607","article-title":"Acute-phase proteins and other systemic responses to inflammation","volume":"340","author":"Gabay","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.03.021_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwf113","article-title":"Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis: objectives and design","volume":"156","author":"Bild","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.03.021_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2005.08.063","article-title":"Diabetic retinopathy in a multi-ethnic cohort in the United States","volume":"141","author":"Wong","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.03.021_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.12.013","article-title":"Prevalence of age-related macular degeneration in 4 racial\/ethnic groups in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis","volume":"113","author":"Klein","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.03.021_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(13)38012-9","article-title":"Grading diabetic retinopathy from stereoscopic color fundus photographs\u2014an extension of the modified Airlie House classification","volume":"98","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.03.021_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.122.11.1642","article-title":"Detection of age-related macular degeneration using a nonmydriatic digital camera and a standard film fundus camera","volume":"122","author":"Klein","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.03.021_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(91)32186-9","article-title":"The Wisconsin Age-Related Maculopathy Grading System","volume":"98","author":"Klein","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.03.021_bib46","series-title":"Field Center Procedures","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.03.021_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.125.10.1396","article-title":"C-reactive protein level and risk of aging macula disorder: the Rotterdam Study","volume":"125","author":"Boekhoorn","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.03.021_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7227","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0501536102","article-title":"A common haplotype in the complement regulatory gene factor H (HF1\/CFH) predisposes individuals to age-related macular degeneration","volume":"102","author":"Hageman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.03.021_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwi130","article-title":"Exposure to Chlamydia pneumoniae infection and progression of age-related macular degeneration","volume":"161","author":"Robman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.03.021_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.121.4.478","article-title":"Serological association between Chlamydia pneumoniae infection and age-related macular degeneration","volume":"121","author":"Kalayoglu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.03.021_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.87.5.523","article-title":"Is Chlamydia pneumoniae infection a risk factor for age related macular degeneration?","volume":"87","author":"Ishida","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.03.021_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4007","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-1434","article-title":"Exposure to Chlamydia pneumoniae infection and age-related macular degeneration: the Blue Mountains Eye Study","volume":"48","author":"Robman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.03.021_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.125.4.534","article-title":"Subclinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and early age-related macular degeneration in a multiracial cohort: the MultiEthnic Study of Atherosclerosis","volume":"125","author":"Klein","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.03.021_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1750","article-title":"Variation in factor B (BF) and complement component 2 (C2) genes is associated with age-related macular degeneration","volume":"38","author":"Gold","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Genet"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0161642008002935?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0161642008002935?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T13:57:10Z","timestamp":1758981430000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0161642008002935"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0161642008002935"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.03.021","relation":{},"ISSN":["0161-6420"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0161-6420","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Inflammation, Complement Factor H, and Age-Related Macular Degeneration","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ophthalmology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.03.021","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2008 American Academy of Ophthalmology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}