{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T21:01:14Z","timestamp":1792098074649,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,1]],"date-time":"2008-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1222819200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,1]],"date-time":"2008-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1222819200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001818","name":"Research to Prevent Blindness","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aaojournal.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.04.026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,26]],"date-time":"2008-06-26T04:45:33Z","timestamp":1214455533000},"page":"1826-1832","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":183,"title":["Comparison of Antimetabolite Drugs as Corticosteroid-Sparing Therapy for Noninfectious Ocular Inflammation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"Anat","family":"Galor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas A.","family":"Jabs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry A.","family":"Leder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjay R.","family":"Kedhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James P.","family":"Dunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"III","given":"George B.","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer E.","family":"Thorne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.04.026_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(01)00830-3","article-title":"Guidelines for the use of immunosuppressive drugs in patients with ocular inflammatory disorders: recommendations of an expert panel","volume":"131","author":"Jabs","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.04.026_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199002013220501","article-title":"A controlled trial of azathioprine in Behcet's syndrome","volume":"322","author":"Yazici","year":"1990","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.04.026_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.53.5.327","article-title":"Azathioprine in active chronic iridocyclitis: a double-blind controlled trial","volume":"53","author":"Mathews","year":"1969","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.04.026_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1097\/00004397-200604620-00013","article-title":"Immunomodulatory therapy for the treatment of ocular inflammatory disease: evidence-based medicine recommendations for use","volume":"46","author":"Kim","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.04.026_bib5","first-page":"362","article-title":"Methotrexate is an effective treatment for chronic uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis","volume":"32","author":"Foeldvari","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.04.026_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(92)31790-7","article-title":"Low-dose methotrexate therapy for ocular inflammatory disease","volume":"99","author":"Shah","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.04.026_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.02.020","article-title":"Mycophenolate mofetil therapy for inflammatory eye disease","volume":"112","author":"Thorne","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.04.026_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(01)00576-0","article-title":"Methotrexate therapy for chronic noninfectious uveitis: analysis of a case series of 160 patients","volume":"108","author":"Samson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.04.026_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(03)00092-7","article-title":"Mycophenolate mofetil as an immunomodulatory agent in the treatment of chronic ocular inflammatory disorders","volume":"110","author":"Baltatzis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.04.026_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2005.03.057","article-title":"Standardization of uveitis nomenclature for reporting clinical data: results of the First International Workshop","volume":"140","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.04.026_bib11","first-page":"645","article-title":"Bioavailability of higher dose methotrexate comparing oral and subcutaneous administration in patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"31","author":"Hoekstra","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.04.026_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1076\/ocii.9.1.35.3983","article-title":"Use of methotrexate in the management of sight-threatening uveitis","volume":"9","author":"Bom","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.04.026_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2006.22.168","article-title":"Mycophenolate mofetil as an immunosuppressive agent in refractory inflammatory eye disease","volume":"22","author":"Choudhary","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Ocul Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.04.026_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(99)90011-8","article-title":"Methotrexate treatment for sarcoid-associated panuveitis","volume":"106","author":"Dev","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.04.026_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2006.094698","article-title":"Mycophenolate mofetil in the treatment of uveitis in children","volume":"91","author":"Doycheva","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.04.026_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780400425","article-title":"Azathioprine in Behcet's syndrome: effects on long-term prognosis","volume":"40","author":"Hamuryudan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.04.026_bib17","first-page":"142","article-title":"Low-dose methotrexate treatment in noninfectious uveitis resistant to corticosteroids","volume":"1","author":"Holz","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ger J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.04.026_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1076\/ocii.11.2.131.15919","article-title":"Methotrexate as a first-line corticosteroid-sparing therapy in a cohort of uveitis and scleritis","volume":"11","author":"Kaplan-Messas","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.04.026_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(99)90078-7","article-title":"Mycophenolate mofetil: a useful immunosuppressive in inflammatory eye disease","volume":"106","author":"Larkin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.04.026_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1442-9071.2003.00704.x","article-title":"Long-term efficacy of mycophenolate mofetil in the control of severe intraocular inflammation","volume":"31","author":"Lau","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Experiment Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.04.026_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2004.054239","article-title":"The use of low dose methotrexate in children with chronic anterior and intermediate uveitis","volume":"89","author":"Malik","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.04.026_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2005.038638","article-title":"Safety of low dose glucocorticoid treatment in rheumatoid arthritis: published evidence and prospective trial data","volume":"65","author":"Da Silva","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.04.026_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1080\/09273940600557001","article-title":"Management of pediatric Vogt-Koyanagi- Harada (VKH)-associated panuveitis","volume":"14","author":"Soheilian","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.04.026_bib24","first-page":"499","article-title":"Treatment of uveitis with azathioprine (Imuran)","volume":"87","author":"Newell","year":"1967","journal-title":"Trans Ophthalmol Soc U K"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.04.026_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1978.03910050115002","article-title":"Immunosuppressive therapy for severe chronic uveitis","volume":"96","author":"Andrasch","year":"1978","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.04.026_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)79515-5","article-title":"Rescue therapy with mycophenolate mofetil in refractory uveitis","volume":"352","author":"Kilmartin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0161642008003916?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0161642008003916?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T13:55:52Z","timestamp":1758981352000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0161642008003916"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0161642008003916"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.04.026","relation":{},"ISSN":["0161-6420"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0161-6420","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Comparison of Antimetabolite Drugs as Corticosteroid-Sparing Therapy for Noninfectious Ocular Inflammation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ophthalmology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.04.026","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2008 American Academy of Ophthalmology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}