{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T07:47:49Z","timestamp":1782892069268,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,1]],"date-time":"2008-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1225497600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,1]],"date-time":"2008-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1225497600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000016","name":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000016","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aaojournal.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.05.023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,1]],"date-time":"2008-08-01T05:18:27Z","timestamp":1217567907000},"page":"1876-1882.e4","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Night Vision Symptoms and Progression of Age-related Macular Degeneration in the Complications of Age-related Macular Degeneration Prevention Trial"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"Gui-shuang","family":"Ying","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maureen G.","family":"Maguire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengcheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew N.","family":"Antoszyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.05.023_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2003.11.069","article-title":"The epidemiology of age-related macular degeneration","volume":"137","author":"Klein","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.05.023_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-9462(01)00006-4","article-title":"Rod-cone interactions: developmental and clinical significance","volume":"20","author":"Mohand-Said","year":"2001","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.05.023_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"P63","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/43.3.P63","article-title":"Visual changes in daily life throughout adulthood","volume":"43","author":"Kosnik","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Gerontol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.05.023_bib4","first-page":"303","article-title":"Visual factors and mobility in persons with age-related macular degeneration","volume":"36","author":"Kuyk","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.05.023_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(99)00169-5","article-title":"Influence of age-related maculopathy on visual functioning and health-related quality of life","volume":"128","author":"Mangione","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.05.023_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.119.7.1050","article-title":"Development of the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire","volume":"119","author":"Mangione","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.05.023_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(02)01060-6","article-title":"Early age-related maculopathy and self-reported visual difficulty in daily life","volume":"109","author":"Scilley","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.05.023_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.121.2.211","article-title":"National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS): AREDS report no. 10","volume":"121","author":"Clemons","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.05.023_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2003.10.031","article-title":"Baseline characteristics, the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire, and their associations in the Complications of Age-Related Macular Degeneration Prevention Trial (CAPT)","volume":"111","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.05.023_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-1222","article-title":"Development of a questionnaire to assess vision problems under low luminance in age-related maculopathy","volume":"47","author":"Owsley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.05.023_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(01)00580-2","article-title":"Delays in rod-mediated dark adaptation in early age-related maculopathy","volume":"108","author":"Owsley","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.05.023_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6701503","article-title":"Cone- and rod-mediated multifocal electroretinogram in early age-related maculopathy","volume":"19","author":"Feigl","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.05.023_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-1048","article-title":"Measuring rod and cone dynamics in age-related maculopathy","volume":"49","author":"Dimitrov","year":"2008","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.05.023_bib14","first-page":"3278","article-title":"Aging of the human photoreceptor mosaic: evidence for selective vulnerability of rods in central retina","volume":"34","author":"Curcio","year":"1993","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.05.023_bib15","first-page":"1236","article-title":"Photoreceptor loss in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"37","author":"Curcio","year":"1996","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.05.023_bib16","first-page":"2015","article-title":"Spare the rods, save the cones in aging and age-related maculopathy","volume":"41","author":"Curcio","year":"2000","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.05.023_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2001.140","article-title":"Photoreceptor topography in ageing and age-related maculopathy","volume":"15","author":"Curcio","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.05.023_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.77.9.549","article-title":"Symptomatic abnormalities of dark adaptation in patients with age-related Bruch's membrane change","volume":"77","author":"Steinmetz","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.05.023_bib19","first-page":"267","article-title":"Psychophysical evidence for rod vulnerability in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"41","author":"Owsley","year":"2000","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.05.023_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/S1568-1637(02)00007-7","article-title":"Photoreceptor degeneration and dysfunction in aging and age-related maculopathy","volume":"1","author":"Jackson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.05.023_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10633-004-1041-0","article-title":"The local cone and rod system function in early age-related macular degeneration","volume":"109","author":"Chen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Doc Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.05.023_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8357","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.14.8357","article-title":"Normal retina releases a diffusible factor stimulating cone survival in the retinal degeneration mouse","volume":"95","author":"Mohand-Said","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.05.023_bib23","first-page":"3071","article-title":"The implications of rod-dependent cone survival for basic and clinical research","volume":"40","author":"Hicks","year":"1999","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.05.023_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1191\/1740774504cn007xx","article-title":"The Complications of Age-Related Macular Degeneration Prevention Trial (CAPT): rationale, design and methodology","volume":"1","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.05.023_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1974","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.08.015","article-title":"Laser treatment in patients with bilateral large drusen: the Complications of Age-Related Macular Degeneration Prevention Trial","volume":"113","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.05.023_bib26","first-page":"741","article-title":"Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study design and baseline patient characteristics: ETDRS report number 7","volume":"98","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.05.023_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1958.10501452","article-title":"Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observations","volume":"53","author":"Kaplan","year":"1958","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.05.023_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19990330)18:6<695::AID-SIM60>3.0.CO;2-O","article-title":"Estimation of failure probabilities in the presence of competing risks: new representations of old estimators","volume":"18","author":"Gooley","year":"1999","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.05.023_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.03.008","article-title":"Risk factors for choroidal neovascularization and geographic atrophy: Complications of Age-related Macular Degeneration Prevention Trial","volume":"115","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.05.023_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1989.10478873","article-title":"Regression analysis of multivariate incomplete failure time data by modeling marginal distributions","volume":"84","author":"Wei","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.05.023_bib32","first-page":"795","article-title":"Preservation of ganglion cell layer neurons in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"42","author":"Medeiros","year":"2001","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.05.023_bib33","series-title":"Macular Degeneration","first-page":"45","article-title":"Photoreceptor degeneration in aging and age-related maculopathy","author":"Jackson","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.05.023_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-001-0417-z","article-title":"Dark adaptation in age-related macular degeneration: relationship to the fellow eye","volume":"240","author":"Haimovici","year":"2002","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.05.023_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(89)32883-1","article-title":"Diminished foveal sensitivity may predict the development of advanced age-related macular degeneration","volume":"96","author":"Sunness","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0161642008004958?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0161642008004958?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T13:56:26Z","timestamp":1758981386000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0161642008004958"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0161642008004958"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.05.023","relation":{},"ISSN":["0161-6420"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0161-6420","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Night Vision Symptoms and Progression of Age-related Macular Degeneration in the Complications of Age-related Macular Degeneration Prevention Trial","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ophthalmology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.05.023","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2008 American Academy of Ophthalmology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}