{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T00:34:00Z","timestamp":1793666040025,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,1]],"date-time":"2009-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1238544000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,1]],"date-time":"2009-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1238544000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aaojournal.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.12.048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,26]],"date-time":"2009-02-26T04:43:13Z","timestamp":1235623393000},"page":"685-690","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":146,"title":["Diagnosis and Treatment of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis with Ocular Complications"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"Chie","family":"Sotozono","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayumi","family":"Ueta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noriko","family":"Koizumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsutomu","family":"Inatomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuji","family":"Shirakata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zenro","family":"Ikezawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shigeru","family":"Kinoshita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.12.048_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1922.04120120077005","article-title":"A new eruptive fever associated with stomatitis and ophthalmia: report of two cases in children","volume":"24","author":"Stevens","year":"1922","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.12.048_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1993.01680220104023","article-title":"Clinical classification of cases of toxic epidermal necrolysis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and erythema multiforme","volume":"129","author":"Bastuji-Garin","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.12.048_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.1997.tb02524.x","article-title":"Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis are severity variants of the same disease which differs from erythema multiforme","volume":"24","author":"Roujeau","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.12.048_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.138.8.1019","article-title":"Correlations between clinical patterns and causes of erythema multiforme majus, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis: results of an international prospective study","volume":"138","author":"Auquier-Dunant","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.12.048_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199411103311906","article-title":"Severe adverse cutaneous reactions to drugs","volume":"331","author":"Roujeau","year":"1994","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.12.048_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199512143332404","article-title":"Medication use and the risk of Stevens-Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis","volume":"333","author":"Roujeau","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.12.048_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.2165\/00128071-200304080-00006","article-title":"Differential diagnosis of severe cutaneous drug eruptions","volume":"4","author":"Bachot","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.12.048_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.2332\/allergolint.O-07-483","article-title":"Analysis of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis in Japan from 2000 to 2006","volume":"56","author":"Yamane","year":"2007","journal-title":"Allergol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.12.048_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5701033","article-title":"Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: assessment of medication risks with emphasis on recently marketed drugs: the EuroSCAR-study","volume":"128","author":"Mockenhaupt","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.12.048_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1669","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(95)30811-1","article-title":"Analysis of the acute ophthalmic manifestations of the erythema multiforme\/Stevens-Johnson syndrome\/toxic epidermal necrolysis disease spectrum","volume":"102","author":"Power","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.12.048_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e31802eb264","article-title":"Erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis: acute ocular manifestations, causes, and management","volume":"26","author":"Chang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.12.048_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(95)30980-3","article-title":"Penetrating keratoplasty in cicatrizing conjunctival diseases","volume":"102","author":"Tugal-Tutkun","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.12.048_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.10.029","article-title":"New grading system for the evaluation of chronic ocular manifestations in patients with Stevens-Johnson syndrome","volume":"114","author":"Sotozono","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.12.048_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.84.10.1191","article-title":"Conjunctival inflammation in the chronic phase of Stevens-Johnson syndrome","volume":"84","author":"Kawasaki","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.12.048_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.103.1.49","article-title":"Differentiation-related expression of a major 64K corneal keratin in vivo and in culture suggests limbal location of corneal epithelial stem cells","volume":"103","author":"Schermer","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.12.048_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(89)90958-6","article-title":"Existence of slow-cycling limbal epithelial basal cells that can be preferentially stimulated to proliferate: implications on epithelial stem cells","volume":"57","author":"Cotsarelis","year":"1989","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.12.048_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-9462(01)00007-6","article-title":"Characteristics of the human ocular surface epithelium","volume":"20","author":"Kinoshita","year":"2001","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.12.048_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.126.5.725","article-title":"The corneal epithelial stem cell puzzle: what future discoveries lie on the horizon?","volume":"126","author":"Kinoshita","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.12.048_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(02)00994-6","article-title":"Limbal stem cell transplantation in chronic inflammatory eye disease","volume":"109","author":"Samson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.12.048_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(01)00694-7","article-title":"Cultivated corneal epithelial stem cell transplantation in ocular surface disorders","volume":"108","author":"Koizumi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.12.048_bib21","first-page":"298","article-title":"Cultivated corneal epithelial transplantation for ocular surface reconstruction in acute phase of Stevens-Johnson syndrome","volume":"119","author":"Koizumi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.12.048_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-1188","article-title":"The use of autologous serum in the development of corneal and oral epithelial equivalents in patients with Stevens-Johnson syndrome","volume":"47","author":"Nakamura","year":"2006","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.12.048_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2006.07.050","article-title":"A comparison between cultivated and conventional limbal stem cell transplantation for Stevens-Johnson syndrome","volume":"143","author":"Ang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.12.048_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2003.038497","article-title":"Transplantation of cultivated autologous oral mucosal epithelial cells in patients with severe ocular surface disorders","volume":"88","author":"Nakamura","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.12.048_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2005.09.003","article-title":"Midterm results on ocular surface reconstruction using cultivated autologous oral mucosal epithelial transplantation","volume":"141","author":"Inatomi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.12.048_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2006.06.004","article-title":"Ocular surface reconstruction with combination of cultivated autologous oral mucosal epithelial transplantation and penetrating keratoplasty","volume":"142","author":"Inatomi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.12.048_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.124.11.1543","article-title":"Autologous serum-derived cultivated oral epithelial transplants for severe ocular surface disease","volume":"124","author":"Ang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.12.048_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1177\/000992289903800709","article-title":"Long-term ocular complication of Stevens-Johnson syndrome","volume":"38","author":"Lehman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr (Phila)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.12.048_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1097\/01.iio.0000177430.89645.6d","article-title":"Controversy in the use of high-dose systemic steroids in the acute care of patients with Stevens-Johnson syndrome","volume":"45","author":"Hynes","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.12.048_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.08.039","article-title":"Effects of treatments on the mortality of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: a retrospective study on patients included in the prospective EuroSCAR Study","volume":"58","author":"Schneck","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.12.048_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1982.01030040431012","article-title":"HLA antigens in Stevens-Johnson syndrome with ocular involvement","volume":"100","author":"Mondino","year":"1982","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.12.048_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1987.01660330082014","article-title":"Genetic susceptibility to toxic epidermal necrolysis","volume":"123","author":"Roujeau","year":"1987","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.12.048_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1038\/428486a","article-title":"Medical genetics: a marker for Stevens-Johnson syndrome","volume":"428","author":"Chung","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.12.048_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2006.09.029","article-title":"Strong association between HLA-A*0206 and Stevens-Johnson syndrome in the Japanese","volume":"143","author":"Ueta","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.12.048_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.07.048","article-title":"Association of IL4R polymorphisms with Stevens-Johnson syndrome [letter]","volume":"120","author":"Ueta","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.12.048_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2006.113449","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 3 gene polymorphisms in Japanese patients with Stevens-Johnson syndrome","volume":"91","author":"Ueta","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.12.048_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1097\/FPC.0b013e3282f3ef9c","article-title":"A European study of HLA-B in Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis related to five high-risk drugs","volume":"18","author":"Lonjou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pharmacogenet Genomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.12.048_bib38","first-page":"550","article-title":"HLA class I and II gene polymorphisms in Stevens-Johnson syndrome with ocular complications in Japanese","volume":"14","author":"Ueta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol Vis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.12.048_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.07-1401","article-title":"Association of combined IL-13\/IL-4R signaling pathway gene polymorphism with Stevens-Johnson Syndrome accompanied by ocular surface complications","volume":"49","author":"Ueta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.12.048_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.2217\/14622416.9.11.1617","article-title":"HLA-B locus in Japanese patients with anti-epileptics and allopurinol-related Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis","volume":"9","author":"Kaniwa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pharmacogenomics"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.12.048_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S94","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ico.0000263127.84015.3f","article-title":"Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis infections in the cornea","volume":"21","author":"Sotozono","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cornea"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0161642008013481?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0161642008013481?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T13:57:56Z","timestamp":1758981476000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0161642008013481"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0161642008013481"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.12.048","relation":{},"ISSN":["0161-6420"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0161-6420","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Diagnosis and Treatment of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis with Ocular Complications","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ophthalmology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.12.048","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2009 American Academy of Ophthalmology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}