{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T13:27:28Z","timestamp":1787664448874,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,1]],"date-time":"2009-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1249084800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,1]],"date-time":"2009-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1249084800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aaojournal.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.04.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,10]],"date-time":"2009-07-10T05:39:16Z","timestamp":1247204356000},"page":"1481-1487.e1","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Intravitreal Bevacizumab for Refractory Pseudophakic Cystoid Macular Edema"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"J. Fernando","family":"Arevalo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauricio","family":"Maia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael A.","family":"Garcia-Amaris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose A.","family":"Roca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan G.","family":"Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria H.","family":"Berrocal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lihteh","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.04.006_bib1","first-page":"557","article-title":"The incidence, pathogenesis and treatment of cystoid macular edema following cataract surgery","volume":"96","author":"Flach","year":"1998","journal-title":"Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.04.006_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-1549(02)00041-X","article-title":"Update on pseudophakic cystoid macular edema treatment options","volume":"15","author":"Levin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Clin North Am"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.04.006_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-6257(84)90226-1","article-title":"Cystoid macular edema in pseudophakia","volume":"28","author":"Stark","year":"1984","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.04.006_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6257(04)00109-2","article-title":"Macular edema","volume":"49","author":"Tranos","year":"2004","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.04.006_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(02)01441-4","article-title":"Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide for refractory chronic pseudophakic cystoid macular edema","volume":"29","author":"Conway","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.04.006_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2378","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(03)00233-5","article-title":"Treatment of acute pseudophakic cystoid macular edema: diclofenac versus ketorolac","volume":"29","author":"Rho","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.04.006_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(89)80089-6","article-title":"Neodymium:YAG laser anterior vitreolysis for Irvine-Gass cystoid macular edema","volume":"15","author":"Steinert","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.04.006_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(87)90422-3","article-title":"Hyperbaric oxygen treatment for chronic cystoid macular edema after branch retinal vein occlusion","volume":"104","author":"Ogura","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.04.006_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)72159-2","article-title":"Pars plana vitrectomy for chronic pseudophakic cystoid macular edema","volume":"120","author":"Harbour","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.04.006_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S203","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6257(02)00294-1","article-title":"Prostaglandins and cystoid macular edema","volume":"47","author":"Miyake","year":"2002","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.04.006_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-004-1087-4","article-title":"Intravitreal levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin-6 are correlated with macular edema in branch retinal vein occlusion","volume":"244","author":"Noma","year":"2006","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.04.006_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-4835(03)00213-6","article-title":"The blood-retinal barriers system: basic concepts and clinical evaluation","volume":"78","author":"Cunha-Vaz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.04.006_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2003-0027","article-title":"Vascular endothelial growth factor: basic science and clinical progress","volume":"25","author":"Ferrara","year":"2004","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.04.006_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.84.5.542","article-title":"Macular oedema: the role of soluble mediators","volume":"84","author":"Kent","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.04.006_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(01)01381-2","article-title":"Pathologic features of vascular endothelial growth factor-induced retinopathy in the nonhuman primate","volume":"133","author":"Tolentino","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.04.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd1381","article-title":"Discovery and development of bevacizumab, an anti-VEGF antibody for treating cancer","volume":"3","author":"Ferrara","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.04.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-200603000-00018","article-title":"Intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) for refractory pseudophakic cystoid macular edema","volume":"26","author":"Mason","year":"2006","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.04.006_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-200603000-00005","article-title":"Intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) treatment of macular edema in central retinal vein occlusion: a short-term study","volume":"26","author":"Iturralde","year":"2006","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.04.006_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-200603000-00004","article-title":"Intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy complicated by vitreous hemorrhage","volume":"26","author":"Spaide","year":"2006","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.04.006_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.11.019","article-title":"Intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) for neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"113","author":"Avery","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.04.006_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-200603000-00003","article-title":"Electrophysiologic findings after intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) treatment","volume":"26","author":"Maturi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.04.006_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-200603000-00002","article-title":"Electrophysiologic and retinal penetration studies following intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (Avastin)","volume":"26","author":"Shahar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.04.006_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-200603000-00001","article-title":"Testing intravitreal toxicity of bevacizumab (Avastin)","volume":"26","author":"Manzano","year":"2006","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.04.006_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2006.03.058","article-title":"Absence of histologic retinal toxicity of intravitreal bevacizumab in a rabbit model","volume":"142","author":"Bakri","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.04.006_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2098","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2007.07.046","article-title":"Primary intravitreal bevacizumab for the management of pseudophakic cystoid macular edema: pilot study of the Pan-American Collaborative Retina Study Group","volume":"33","author":"Arevalo","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.04.006_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2007.08.021","article-title":"Efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab in treating postoperative pseudophakic cystoid macular edema","volume":"34","author":"Spitzer","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.04.006_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2006.06.068","article-title":"Vascular endothelial growth factor is a critical stimulus for diabetic macular edema","volume":"142","author":"Nguyen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.04.006_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1097\/01.iae.0000247165.38655.bf","article-title":"Intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) therapy for persistent diffuse diabetic macular edema","volume":"26","author":"Haritoglou","year":"2006","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.04.006_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2003","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(97)30065-7","article-title":"Comparison of retrobulbar versus sub-Tenon's corticosteroid therapy for cystoid macular edema refractory to topical medications","volume":"104","author":"Thach","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0161642009003583?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0161642009003583?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T13:58:10Z","timestamp":1758981490000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0161642009003583"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0161642009003583"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.04.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0161-6420"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0161-6420","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Intravitreal Bevacizumab for Refractory Pseudophakic Cystoid Macular Edema","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ophthalmology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.04.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2009 American Academy of Ophthalmology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}