{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T17:30:06Z","timestamp":1790011806049,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]],"date-time":"2012-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325376000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]],"date-time":"2012-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325376000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,16]],"date-time":"2013-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1373932800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":562,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aaojournal.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.06.045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,10]],"date-time":"2011-10-10T11:11:58Z","timestamp":1318245118000},"page":"84-89","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Epilation for Trachomatous Trichiasis and the Risk of Corneal Opacification"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"119","author":[{"given":"Saul N.","family":"Rajak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esmael","family":"Habtamu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen A.","family":"Weiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Bedri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teshome","family":"Gebre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asrat","family":"Genet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng T.","family":"Khaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin L.","family":"Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David C.W.","family":"Mabey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clare E.","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul M.","family":"Emerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Burton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.06.045_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2008.148494","article-title":"Trachoma: global magnitude of a preventable cause of blindness","volume":"93","author":"Mariotti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.06.045_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e318158b49e","article-title":"Penetrating keratoplasty for trachomatous corneal scarring","volume":"27","author":"Al-Fawaz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.06.045_bib3","first-page":"844","article-title":"Global data on visual impairment in the year 2002","volume":"82","author":"Resnikoff","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.06.045_bib4","series-title":"Trachoma control: a guide for programme managers","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.06.045_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.74.2.109","article-title":"A trial of surgery for trichiasis of the upper lid from trachoma","volume":"74","author":"Reacher","year":"1990","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.06.045_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1992.01080170089030","article-title":"A controlled trial of surgery for trachomatous trichiasis of the upper lid","volume":"110","author":"Reacher","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.06.045_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.77.2.81","article-title":"Results of community-based eyelid surgery for trichiasis due to trachoma","volume":"77","author":"Bog","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.06.045_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1076\/opep.8.2.155.4165","article-title":"Recurrence of trichiasis: a long-term follow-up study in the Sultanate of Oman","volume":"8","author":"Khandekar","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.06.045_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2004.055996","article-title":"Long term outcome of trichiasis surgery in the Gambia","volume":"89","author":"Burton","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.06.045_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.04-0600","article-title":"Risk factors for postsurgical trichiasis recurrence in a trachoma-endemic area","volume":"46","author":"West","year":"2005","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.06.045_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1097\/01.iop.0000203494.49446.60","article-title":"Routine bilamellar tarsal rotation surgery for trachomatous trichiasis: short-term outcome and factors associated with surgical failure","volume":"22","author":"El Toukhy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.06.045_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.124.3.309","article-title":"Single-dose azithromycin prevents trichiasis recurrence following surgery: randomized trial in Ethiopia","volume":"124","author":"West","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.06.045_bib13","first-page":"803","article-title":"Acceptance of surgery for trichiasis among rural Malawian women","volume":"71","author":"Courtright","year":"1994","journal-title":"East Afr Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.06.045_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00919249","article-title":"Predicting surgical compliance in a cohort of women with trichiasis","volume":"18","author":"West","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.06.045_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006045824191","article-title":"Evaluation of barriers to surgical compliance in the treatment of trichiasis","volume":"21","author":"Oliva","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.06.045_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2000.00605.x","article-title":"Should trichiasis surgery be offered in the village? A community randomised trial of village vs. health centre-based surgery","volume":"5","author":"Bowman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.06.045_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1076\/opep.8.2.181.4167","article-title":"Magnitude of trachoma and barriers to uptake of lid surgery in a rural community of northern Nigeria","volume":"8","author":"Rabiu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.06.045_bib18","first-page":"936","article-title":"Longitudinal study of trachomatous trichiasis in The Gambia: barriers to acceptance of surgery","volume":"43","author":"Bowman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.06.045_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2006.103374","article-title":"Uptake of trichiasis surgical services in Tanzania through two village-based approaches","volume":"91","author":"Mahande","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.06.045_bib20","first-page":"8","article-title":"Trichiasis surgery for trachoma: the bilamellar tarsal rotation procedure","author":"Reacher","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.06.045_bib21","first-page":"912","article-title":"Guide to trachoma control in programmes for the prevention of blindness","author":"Dawson","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.06.045_bib22","first-page":"233","article-title":"The management of trachomatous trichiasis","volume":"67","author":"Reacher","year":"1990","journal-title":"Rev Int Trach Pathol Ocul Trop Subtrop Sante Publique"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.06.045_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2005.075390","article-title":"The association between epilation and corneal opacity among eyes with trachomatous trichiasis","volume":"90","author":"West","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.06.045_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(82)90197-0","article-title":"New visual acuity charts for clinical research","volume":"94","author":"Ferris","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.06.045_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1080\/09286580801974897","article-title":"Determinants of uptake of surgical treatment for trachomatous trichiasis in North Ethiopia","volume":"15","author":"Habte","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.06.045_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2005.066076","article-title":"Characteristics of trichiasis patients presenting for surgery in rural Ethiopia","volume":"89","author":"Melese","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.06.045_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-0714","article-title":"The long-term natural history of trachomatous trichiasis in the Gambia","volume":"47","author":"Burton","year":"2006","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.06.045_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2704","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-5161","article-title":"Rates and risk factors for unfavourable outcomes six weeks following trichiasis surgery","volume":"52","author":"Gower","year":"2011","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0161642011006245?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0161642011006245?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T14:01:12Z","timestamp":1758981672000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0161642011006245"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0161642011006245"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.06.045","relation":{},"ISSN":["0161-6420"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0161-6420","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Epilation for Trachomatous Trichiasis and the Risk of Corneal Opacification","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ophthalmology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.06.045","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2012 American Academy of Ophthalmology. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}