{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T00:36:01Z","timestamp":1792629361055,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,1]],"date-time":"2011-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1322697600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,1]],"date-time":"2011-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1322697600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aaojournal.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.09.029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,27]],"date-time":"2011-10-27T09:41:02Z","timestamp":1319708462000},"page":"2510-2517","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":103,"title":["Functional Indications for Upper Eyelid Ptosis and Blepharoplasty Surgery"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"118","author":[{"given":"Kenneth V.","family":"Cahill","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Bradley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dale R.","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip L.","family":"Custer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David E.","family":"Holck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus M.","family":"Marcet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise A.","family":"Mawn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.09.029_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1159\/000085244","article-title":"Ptosis secondary to anterior segment surgery and its repair in a two-year follow-up study","volume":"219","author":"Altieri","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.09.029_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)70634-8","article-title":"Improvement in subjective visual function and quality of life outcome measures after blepharoptosis surgery","volume":"121","author":"Battu","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.09.029_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2005.05.031","article-title":"Frontalis suspension for upper eyelid ptosis: evaluation of different surgical designs and suture material","volume":"140","author":"Ben Simon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.09.029_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1076\/orbi.21.3.195.7171","article-title":"Frontalis suspension sling using a silicone rod in patients affected by myogenic blepharoptosis","volume":"21","author":"Bernardini","year":"2002","journal-title":"Orbit"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.09.029_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1097\/00002341-200003000-00003","article-title":"The effect of upper blepharoplasty on eyelid position when performed concomitantly with M\u00fcller muscle-conjunctival resection","volume":"16","author":"Brown","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.09.029_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1097\/00002341-199206000-00007","article-title":"Worsening of blepharoptosis in downgaze","volume":"8","author":"Dryden","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.09.029_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1097\/01.IOP.0000143714.10858.D4","article-title":"Effect of unilateral blepharoptosis repair on contralateral eyelid position","volume":"20","author":"Erb","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.09.029_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1097\/00002341-199209000-00009","article-title":"Eyebrow analysis after blepharoplasty in patients with brow ptosis","volume":"8","author":"Fagien","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.09.029_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(99)90354-8","article-title":"Correlation of the vision-related functional impairment associated with blepharoptosis and the impact of blepharoptosis surgery","volume":"106","author":"Federici","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.09.029_bib10","first-page":"199","article-title":"Efficacy and efficiency of a new involutional ptosis correction procedure compared to a traditional aponeurotic approach","volume":"102","author":"Frueh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.09.029_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1989.01070010862030","article-title":"Quantitating the superior visual field loss associated with ptosis","volume":"107","author":"Meyer","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.09.029_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1097\/00002341-200211000-00007","article-title":"A new algorithm for ptosis repair using conjunctival M\u00fcllerectomy with or without tarsectomy","volume":"18","author":"Perry","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.09.029_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(90)32384-9","article-title":"Results of blepharoptosis surgery with early postoperative adjustment","volume":"97","author":"Shore","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.09.029_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1097\/00002341-198703030-00001","article-title":"The effect of blepharoptosis on the field of vision","volume":"3","author":"Cahill","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.09.029_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1097\/00002341-199212000-00003","article-title":"Investigation of automated perimetry in the evaluation of patients for upper lid blepharoplasty","volume":"8","author":"Hacker","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.09.029_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.118.1.65","article-title":"A comparison of manual kinetic and automated static perimetry in obtaining ptosis fields","volume":"118","author":"Riemann","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.09.029_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1975.01010020595007","article-title":"M\u00fcller muscle-conjunctiva resection: technique for treatment of blepharoptosis","volume":"93","author":"Putterman","year":"1975","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.09.029_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1097\/01.IOP.0000132161.15622.6B","article-title":"Eyelid metrics","volume":"20","author":"Small","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.09.029_bib19","first-page":"93","article-title":"The Visual Fields: Text and Atlas of Clinical Perimetry","author":"Harrington","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.09.029_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(93)31593-9","article-title":"Evaluating the visual field effects of blepharoptosis using automated static perimetry","volume":"100","author":"Meyer","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.09.029_bib21","series-title":"Oculoplastic Surgery","first-page":"325","article-title":"Evaluation and management of the ptosis patient","author":"Waller","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.09.029_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(95)30837-8","article-title":"Downgaze eyelid position in patients with blepharoptosis","volume":"102","author":"Meyer","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.09.029_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1995.01100100081033","article-title":"Loss of vertical palpebral fissure height on downgaze in acquired blepharoptosis","volume":"113","author":"Olson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.09.029_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1992.01080130065027","article-title":"Visual field loss in primary gaze and reading gaze due to acquired blepharoptosis and visual field improvement following ptosis surgery","volume":"110","author":"Patipa","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.09.029_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1097\/00002341-199306000-00002","article-title":"Downgaze ptosis","volume":"9","author":"Wojno","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.09.029_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1604","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(94)31131-6","article-title":"Quantitating the change in upper eyelid position during downgaze","volume":"101","author":"Stoller","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.09.029_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2007.02.022","article-title":"Severity of visual field loss and health-related quality of life","volume":"143","author":"McKean-Cowdin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.09.029_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4445","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.07-0326","article-title":"Visual field loss increases the risk of falls in older adults: the Salisbury Eye Evaluation","volume":"48","author":"Freeman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.09.029_bib29","first-page":"5458","article-title":"Visual field loss and falls among older adults with glaucoma","volume":"49","author":"Black","year":"2008","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.09.029_bib30","series-title":"Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment","first-page":"277","article-title":"The visual system","author":"Cocchiarella","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.09.029_bib31","series-title":"Physician's Guide to Assessing and Counseling Older Drivers","first-page":"69","article-title":"State licensing and reporting laws","author":"Carr","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.09.029_bib32","first-page":"6","article-title":"Visual Disorders and Commercial Drivers","author":"Decima","year":"1991"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0161642011008852?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0161642011008852?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T14:03:05Z","timestamp":1758981785000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0161642011008852"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0161642011008852"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.09.029","relation":{},"ISSN":["0161-6420"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0161-6420","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Functional Indications for Upper Eyelid Ptosis and Blepharoplasty Surgery","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ophthalmology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.09.029","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2011 American Academy of Ophthalmology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}