{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T10:57:52Z","timestamp":1770289072862,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,1]],"date-time":"2012-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1333238400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,1]],"date-time":"2012-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1333238400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001818","name":"Research to Prevent Blindness","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aaojournal.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.10.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,27]],"date-time":"2012-01-27T21:20:57Z","timestamp":1327699257000},"page":"865-868","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Blepharospasm and Apraxia of Eyelid Opening Associated with Anti-Hu Paraneoplastic Antibodies"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"119","author":[{"given":"Christina H.","family":"Choe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberta E.","family":"Gausas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.10.008_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1738","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000063306.67984.8C","article-title":"Striatal activation during blepharospasm revealed by fMRI","volume":"60","author":"Schmidt","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.10.008_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1097\/00002341-199901000-00006","article-title":"Positron emission tomography in patients with benign essential blepharospasm","volume":"15","author":"Esmaeli-Gutstein","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg1"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.10.008_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1097\/00041327-199806000-00016","article-title":"Drug-associated facial dyskinesias\u2014a study of 238 patients","volume":"18","author":"Mauriello","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neuroophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.10.008_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22984","article-title":"Acute blepharospasm and torticollis associated with an ependymoma of the lateral ventricle [letter]","volume":"25","author":"Lambrecq","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.10.008_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1054\/jocn.1999.0770","article-title":"Ganglioglioma of the lateral ventricle presenting with blepharospasm\u2014case report and review of the literature","volume":"8","author":"Yin Foo Lee","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.10.008_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20109","article-title":"Transient blepharospasm secondary to unilateral striatal infarction","volume":"19","author":"Grandas","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.10.008_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.53.3.652-a","article-title":"Ptosis, blepharospasm and apraxia of eyelid opening secondary to putaminal hemorrhage","volume":"53","author":"Verghese","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.10.008_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870130347","article-title":"Blepharospasm associated with bilateral infarcts confined to the thalamus: case report","volume":"13","author":"Miranda","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.10.008_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1644","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-006-0202-3","article-title":"Paroxysmal torticollis and blepharospasm following bilateral cerebellar infarction [letter]","volume":"253","author":"O'Rourke","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.10.008_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870100614","article-title":"Blepharospasm and jaw closing dystonia after parietal infarcts","volume":"10","author":"Jacob","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.10.008_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19-e3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2010.03220.x","article-title":"Screening for tumours in paraneoplastic syndromes: report of an EFNS task force [report online]","volume":"18","author":"Titulaer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.10.008_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2004.07.009","article-title":"Neuroimmunology of the paraneoplastic neurological degenerations","volume":"16","author":"Roberts","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.10.008_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.51.4.1146","article-title":"T-cell receptor analysis in anti-Hu associated paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis","volume":"51","author":"Voltz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.10.008_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1385\/CRIAI:19:1:19","article-title":"Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes associated with Yo, Hu, and Ri autoantibodies","volume":"19","author":"Bradwell","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.10.008_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S102","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410370711","article-title":"Autoimmune central nervous system paraneoplastic disorders: mechanisms, diagnosis, and therapeutic options","volume":"37","author":"Dropcho","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.10.008_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.2165\/00023210-200115070-00002","article-title":"Stiff man syndrome","volume":"15","author":"Meinck","year":"2001","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.10.008_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1789.2006.00698.x","article-title":"Acute motor and sensory neuronopathy associated with small-cell lung cancer: a clinicopathological study","volume":"26","author":"Nokura","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuropathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.10.008_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199506013322203","article-title":"Calcium-channel antibodies in the Lambert-Eaton syndrome and other paraneoplastic syndromes","volume":"332","author":"Lennon","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.10.008_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0b013e3283317fa5","article-title":"Paraneoplastic myopathy","volume":"21","author":"Dank\u00f3","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.10.008_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410290303","article-title":"Anti-Ri: an antibody associated with paraneoplastic opsoclonus and breast cancer","volume":"29","author":"Luque","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.10.008_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1710","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-002-0913-z","article-title":"Anti-Ri antibody positive opsoclonus-myoclonus in a male patient with breast carcinoma","volume":"249","author":"Wirtz","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.10.008_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1831","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh203","article-title":"Clinical analysis of anti-Ma2-associated encephalitis","volume":"127","author":"Dalmau","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.10.008_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-3787(05)84978-1","article-title":"Anti-Ri paraneoplastic syndrome associated with ophthalmoplegia, blepharospasm and palilalia [in French]","volume":"161","author":"Martinaud","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.10.008_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000341875.38293.93","article-title":"Ocular motor and lid apraxia as initial symptom of anti-Ma1\/Ma2-associated encephalitis","volume":"72","author":"Wagner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.10.008_bib25","first-page":"441","article-title":"Classic paraneoplastic syndromes: diagnostic and treatment approach [in Spanish]","volume":"23","author":"G\u00e1llego","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurologia"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0161642011009559?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0161642011009559?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T14:01:52Z","timestamp":1758981712000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0161642011009559"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0161642011009559"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.10.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0161-6420"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0161-6420","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Blepharospasm and Apraxia of Eyelid Opening Associated with Anti-Hu Paraneoplastic Antibodies","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ophthalmology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.10.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2012 American Academy of Ophthalmology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}