{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T07:09:34Z","timestamp":1791443374186,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,1]],"date-time":"2012-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1346457600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.03.031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,23]],"date-time":"2012-05-23T14:23:15Z","timestamp":1337782995000},"page":"1785-1790","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":153,"title":["Shifting Trends in Bacterial Keratitis in Toronto"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"119","author":[{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Lichtinger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia N.","family":"Yeung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maoz D.","family":"Amiran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfonso","family":"Iovieno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uri","family":"Elbaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judy Y.F.","family":"Ku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Wolff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David S.","family":"Rootman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allan R.","family":"Slomovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.03.031_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.87.9.1172","article-title":"Overview: initial antimicrobial therapy for microbial keratitis","volume":"87","author":"Daniell","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.03.031_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1982.01030030079005","article-title":"Ulcerative keratitis: survey of 30 years' laboratory experience","volume":"100","author":"Asbell","year":"1982","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.03.031_bib3","first-page":"153","article-title":"Polymicrobial keratitis","volume":"79","author":"Jones","year":"1981","journal-title":"Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.03.031_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)75075-5","article-title":"Spectrum of microbial keratitis in South Florida","volume":"90","author":"Liesegang","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.03.031_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2010.231","article-title":"In vitro antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacterial keratitis isolates in Oxford, UK: a 10-year review","volume":"25","author":"Orlans","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.03.031_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(00)00179-2","article-title":"Shifting trends in bacterial keratitis in south Florida and emerging resistance to fluoroquinolones","volume":"107","author":"Alexandrakis","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.03.031_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-6257(79)90127-9","article-title":"Initial therapy of suspected microbial corneal ulcers","volume":"24","author":"Baum","year":"1979","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.03.031_bib8","first-page":"575","article-title":"Distribution of bacterial keratitis and emerging resistance to antibiotics in China from 2001 to 2004","volume":"2","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.03.031_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.2010.02480.x","article-title":"Microbial keratitis in Waikato, New Zealand","volume":"39","author":"Pandita","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Experiment Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.03.031_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e318156caf2","article-title":"Risk factors and causative organisms in microbial keratitis","volume":"27","author":"Green","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.03.031_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e318073c318","article-title":"A seven year survey of the contact lens prescribing habits of Canadian optometrists","volume":"84","author":"Woods","year":"2007","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.03.031_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1097\/01.icl.0000248157.94115.7c","article-title":"Perspective on 15 years of research: reduced risk of microbial keratitis with frequent-replacement contact lenses","volume":"33","author":"Keay","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.03.031_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e3181877a52","article-title":"Risk factors, microbiological findings, and clinical outcomes in cases of microbial keratitis admitted to a tertiary referral center in Ireland","volume":"28","author":"Saeed","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.03.031_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.72.12.926","article-title":"Predisposing factors in microbial keratitis: the significance of contact lens wear","volume":"72","author":"Dart","year":"1988","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.03.031_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)91231-I","article-title":"Contact lenses and other risk factors in microbial keratitis","volume":"338","author":"Dart","year":"1991","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.03.031_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2003.09.001","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of microbial keratitis in a university hospital in Taiwan","volume":"137","author":"Fong","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.03.031_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.87.7.834","article-title":"Bacterial keratitis: predisposing factors, clinical and microbiological review of 300 cases","volume":"87","author":"Bourcier","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.03.031_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.04.021","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance in microbial keratitis: ten-year experience of corneal scrapes in the United Kingdom","volume":"118","author":"Shalchi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.03.031_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.4103\/0301-4738.53051","article-title":"Review of epidemiological features, microbiological diagnosis and treatment outcome of microbial keratitis: experience of over a decade","volume":"57","author":"Gopinathan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.03.031_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2007.03.032","article-title":"Spectrum of eye disease caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"144","author":"Freidlin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.03.031_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1086\/502231","article-title":"Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: an emerging pathogen","volume":"24","author":"Said-Salim","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.03.031_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.2011.00397.x","article-title":"Isolation and molecular characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from public transport","volume":"56","author":"Iwao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.03.031_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/s10156-010-0045-9","article-title":"Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: community transmission, pathogenesis, and drug resistance","volume":"16","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.03.031_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-11-138","article-title":"MRSA prevalence in European healthcare settings: a review","volume":"11","author":"Dulon","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis [serial online]"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.03.031_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S86","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ico.0000263125.99262.42","article-title":"Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus ocular surface infection efficacy of chloramphenicol eye drops","volume":"21","author":"Fukuda","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.03.031_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2011.05.006","article-title":"Microbial keratitis trends following refractive surgery: results of the ASCRS infectious keratitis survey and comparisons with prior ASCRS surveys of infectious keratitis following keratorefractive procedures","volume":"37","author":"Solomon","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.03.031_bib27","first-page":"414","article-title":"Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus corneal ulcers","volume":"23","author":"Eiferman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.03.031_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.3341\/kjo.2010.24.4.240","article-title":"Two cases of corneal ulcer due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in high risk groups","volume":"24","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Korean J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.03.031_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2006.01402.x","article-title":"MRSA\u2013the tip of the iceberg","volume":"12","author":"Appelbaum","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.03.031_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e3181d2ce25","article-title":"In vitro susceptibility patterns of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus corneal isolates to antibiotics","volume":"29","author":"Elsahn","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.03.031_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2011.09.011","article-title":"Retrospective case-control analysis of patients with staphylococcal infections receiving daptomycin or glycopeptide therapy","volume":"39","author":"Falcone","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.03.031_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026567912389","article-title":"The antibacterial effect of topical anesthetic proparacaine on conjunctival flora","volume":"23","author":"Oguz","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.03.031_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(99)00716-2","article-title":"Emerging fluoroquinolone resistance in bacterial keratitis: a 5-year review","volume":"106","author":"Goldstein","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0161642012002680?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0161642012002680?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,23]],"date-time":"2018-11-23T02:50:07Z","timestamp":1542941407000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0161642012002680"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0161642012002680"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.03.031","relation":{},"ISSN":["0161-6420"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0161-6420","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]}}}