{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T13:18:43Z","timestamp":1788441523592,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]],"date-time":"2016-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472688000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","aaojournal.org","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.05.052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,16]],"date-time":"2016-07-16T18:22:03Z","timestamp":1468693323000},"page":"2028-2036","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Orbital Angiogenesis and Lymphangiogenesis in Thyroid Eye Disease"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"Lindsay L.","family":"Wong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nahyoung Grace","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dhanesh","family":"Amarnani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine J.","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diane R.","family":"Bielenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne K.","family":"Freitag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia A.","family":"D'Amore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leo A.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.05.052_bib1","first-page":"477","article-title":"The epidemiologic characteristics and clinical course of ophthalmopathy associated with autoimmune thyroid disease in Olmsted County, Minnesota","volume":"92","author":"Bartley","year":"1994","journal-title":"Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.05.052_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)72666-2","article-title":"The incidence of Graves' ophthalmopathy in Olmsted County, Minnesota","volume":"120","author":"Bartley","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.05.052_bib3","first-page":"783163","article-title":"Lymphatics and lymphangiogenesis in the eye","volume":"2012","author":"Nakao","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.05.052_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1080\/08820530902801320","article-title":"Corneal lymphangiogenesis: implications in immunity","volume":"24","author":"Patel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Semin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.05.052_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2363","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI23874","article-title":"Inflammation-induced lymphangiogenesis in the cornea arises from CD11b-positive macrophages","volume":"115","author":"Maruyama","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.05.052_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3145","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-8010","article-title":"The maintenance of lymphatic vessels in the cornea is dependent on the presence of macrophages","volume":"53","author":"Maruyama","year":"2012","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.05.052_bib7","first-page":"681","article-title":"Observation of lymphatic vessels in orbital fat of patients with inflammatory conditions: a form fruste of lymphangiogenesis?","volume":"13","author":"Fogt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.05.052_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1097\/00041327-199912000-00002","article-title":"Lymphatic capillaries in the meninges of the human optic nerve","volume":"19","author":"Killer","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neuroophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.05.052_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1097\/00002341-199907000-00006","article-title":"Identification of human orbital lymphatics","volume":"15","author":"Gausas","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.05.052_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1413.007","article-title":"The link between lymphatic function and adipose biology","volume":"1131","author":"Harvey","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.05.052_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000246516.64780.61","article-title":"The lymphatic territories of the upper limb: anatomical study and clinical implications","volume":"119","author":"Suami","year":"2007","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.05.052_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.73.8.639","article-title":"Clinical criteria for the assessment of disease activity in Graves\u2019 ophthalmopathy: a novel approach","volume":"73","author":"Mourits","year":"1989","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.05.052_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-003-0747-8","article-title":"Prox1, master regulator of the lymphatic vasculature phenotype","volume":"314","author":"Hong","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.05.052_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)62311-5","article-title":"Up-regulation of the lymphatic marker podoplanin, a mucin-type transmembrane glycoprotein, in human squamous cell carcinomas and germ cell tumors","volume":"166","author":"Schacht","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.05.052_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20021346","article-title":"The formation of lymphatic vessels and its importance in the setting of malignancy","volume":"196","author":"Detmar","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.05.052_bib16","first-page":"6571","article-title":"Enhanced expression of the tie receptor tyrosine kinase messenger RNA in the vascular endothelium of metastatic melanomas","volume":"54","author":"Kaipainen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.05.052_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2545","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-0570","article-title":"Bevacizumab as a potent inhibitor of inflammatory corneal angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis","volume":"48","author":"Bock","year":"2007","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.05.052_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5871","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-14433","article-title":"Inhibition of lymphangiogenesis and hemangiogenesis in corneal inflammation by subconjunctival Prox1 siRNA injection in rats","volume":"56","author":"Rho","year":"2015","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.05.052_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-014-0104-0","article-title":"MicroRNA miR-466 inhibits lymphangiogenesis by targeting prospero-related homeobox 1 in the alkali burn corneal injury model","volume":"22","author":"Seo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biomed Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.05.052_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ico.0000183485.85636.ff","article-title":"Time course of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis after brief corneal inflammation","volume":"25","author":"Cursiefen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.05.052_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.2174\/1566524033479465","article-title":"Fundamental concepts of the angiogenic process","volume":"3","author":"Folkman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.05.052_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20021244","article-title":"Vascular permeability factor\/vascular endothelial growth factor induces lymphangiogenesis as well as angiogenesis","volume":"196","author":"Nagy","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.05.052_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2479987","article-title":"Vascular permeability factor, an endothelial cell mitogen related to PDGF","volume":"246","author":"Keck","year":"1989","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.05.052_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V97.3.785","article-title":"Flt-1, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1, is a novel cell surface marker for the lineage of monocyte-macrophages in humans","volume":"97","author":"Sawano","year":"2001","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.05.052_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.1998.00262.x","article-title":"Increased microvascular density and enhanced leukocyte rolling and adhesion in the skin of VEGF transgenic mice","volume":"111","author":"Detmar","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.05.052_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1013","article-title":"Vascular endothelial growth factor C is required for sprouting of the first lymphatic vessels from embryonic veins","volume":"5","author":"Karkkainen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.05.052_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4843","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.02214-07","article-title":"Deletion of vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) and VEGF-D is not equivalent to VEGF receptor 3 deletion in mouse embryos","volume":"28","author":"Haiko","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.05.052_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.2.548","article-title":"Vascular endothelial growth factor D (VEGF-D) is a ligand for the tyrosine kinases VEGF receptor 2 (Flk1) and VEGF receptor 3 (Flt4)","volume":"95","author":"Achen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.05.052_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4762","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/20.17.4762","article-title":"Isolated lymphatic endothelial cells transduce growth, survival and migratory signals via the VEGF-C\/D receptor VEGFR-3","volume":"20","author":"Makinen","year":"2001","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.05.052_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)61765-8","article-title":"Concurrent induction of lymphangiogenesis, angiogenesis, and macrophage recruitment by vascular endothelial growth factor-C in melanoma","volume":"159","author":"Skobe","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.05.052_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4667","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-10-316356","article-title":"An important role of lymphatic vessel activation in limiting acute inflammation","volume":"117","author":"Huggenberger","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0161642016304195?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0161642016304195?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,10]],"date-time":"2018-09-10T13:53:05Z","timestamp":1536587585000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0161642016304195"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0161642016304195"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.05.052","relation":{},"ISSN":["0161-6420"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0161-6420","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Orbital Angiogenesis and Lymphangiogenesis in Thyroid Eye Disease","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ophthalmology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.05.052","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 by the American Academy of Ophthalmology","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}