{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T00:32:20Z","timestamp":1793406740351,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]],"date-time":"2017-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504224000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","aaojournal.org","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.03.052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,7]],"date-time":"2017-05-07T07:30:14Z","timestamp":1494142214000},"page":"1259-1270","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":232,"title":["United States Multicenter Clinical Trial of Corneal Collagen Crosslinking for Keratoconus Treatment"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"124","author":[{"given":"Peter S.","family":"Hersh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. Doyle","family":"Stulting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Muller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel S.","family":"Durrie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajesh K.","family":"Rajpal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Perry S.","family":"Binder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric D.","family":"Donnenfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Durrie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Hardten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Hersh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Francis","family":"Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Schanzlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter","family":"Stark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. Doyle","family":"Stulting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Trattler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Trokel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.03.052_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-6257(84)90094-8","article-title":"Keratoconus and related noninflammatory corneal thinning disorders","volume":"28","author":"Krachmer","year":"1984","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.03.052_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6257(97)00119-7","article-title":"Keratoconus","volume":"42","author":"Rabinowitz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.03.052_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(02)02220-1","article-title":"Riboflavin\/ultraviolet-A-induced collagen crosslinking for the treatment of keratoconus","volume":"135","author":"Wollensak","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.03.052_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4324","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-4798","article-title":"Age-related differences in the elasticity of the human cornea","volume":"52","author":"Cartwright","year":"2011","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.03.052_bib5","unstructured":"National Institutes of Health Clinical Trials. Corneal collagen cross-linking for progressive keratoconus (CXL). NCT00647699. http:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT00647699?term=NCT00647699&rank=1U.S; Accessed December 2, 2008."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.03.052_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)72328-1","article-title":"Mean visual acuity [letter]","volume":"111","author":"Holladay","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.03.052_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.3928\/01913913-20151211-02","article-title":"Getting double crossed","volume":"53","author":"Hersh","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.03.052_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1948","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.04-1253","article-title":"Changes in collagen orientation and distribution in keratoconus corneas","volume":"46","author":"Meek","year":"2005","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.03.052_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2360","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-9385","article-title":"Photochemical kinetics of corneal cross-linking with riboflavin","volume":"53","author":"Kamaev","year":"2012","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.03.052_bib10","first-page":"3004","article-title":"Photochemical kinetics model of corneal cross-linking with riboflavin","volume":"56","author":"Kamaev","year":"2015","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.03.052_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52860","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0052860","article-title":"The effect of riboflavin\/UVA collagen cross-linking therapy on the structure and hydrodynamic behaviour of the ungulate and rabbit corneal stroma","volume":"8","author":"Hayes","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.03.052_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ico.0000105827.85025.7f","article-title":"Collagen fiber diameter in the rabbit cornea after collagen crosslinking by riboflavin\/UVA","volume":"23","author":"Wollensak","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.03.052_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-200401000-00008","article-title":"Keratocyte apoptosis after corneal collagen cross-linking using riboflavin\/UVA treatment","volume":"23","author":"Wollensak","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.03.052_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1159\/000076150","article-title":"Thermomechanical behavior of collagen-cross-linked porcine cornea","volume":"218","author":"Spoerl","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.03.052_bib15","first-page":"158","article-title":"The swelling pressure of the corneal stroma","volume":"1","author":"Dohlman","year":"1962","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.03.052_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1080\/02713680490513182","article-title":"Increased resistance of crosslinked cornea against enzymatic digestion","volume":"29","author":"Spoerl","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.03.052_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.2008.01190.x","article-title":"Long-term biomechanical properties of rabbit cornea after photodynamic collagen crosslinking","volume":"87","author":"Wollensak","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.03.052_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1780","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(03)00407-3","article-title":"Stress-strain measurements of human and porcine corneas after riboflavin-ultraviolet-A-induced cross-linking","volume":"29","author":"Wollensak","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.03.052_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2009.10.021","article-title":"Long-term results of riboflavin ultraviolet A corneal collagen cross-linking for keratoconus in Italy: the Siena Eye Cross Study","volume":"149","author":"Caporossi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.03.052_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2007.12.039","article-title":"Collagen crosslinking with riboflavin and ultraviolet-A light in keratoconus: long-term results","volume":"34","author":"Raiskup-Wolf","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.03.052_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2008.11.046","article-title":"Corneal collagen crosslinking using riboflavin and ultraviolet-A light for keratoconus; one-year analysis using Scheimpflug imaging","volume":"35","author":"Grewal","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.03.052_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2011.01.029","article-title":"Corneal topography indices after corneal collagen crosslinking for keratoconus and corneal ectasia: one year results","volume":"37","author":"Greenstein","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.03.052_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2011.08.041","article-title":"Higher-order aberrations after corneal collagen crosslinking for keratoconus and corneal ectasia","volume":"38","author":"Greenstein","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cat Refract Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.03.052_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2009.03.035","article-title":"Complication and failure rates after corneal crosslinking","volume":"35","author":"Koller","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.03.052_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2013.06.007","article-title":"Characteristics influencing outcomes of corneal collagen crosslinking for keratoconus and ectasia: implications for patient selection","volume":"39","author":"Greenstein","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.03.052_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20120518-02","article-title":"Effect of topographic cone location on outcomes of corneal collagen crosslinking for keratoconus and corneal ectasia","volume":"28","author":"Greenstein","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Refract Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.03.052_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.09.048","article-title":"Refractive, topographic, tomographic, and aberrometric analysis of keratoconic eyes undergoing corneal cross-linking","volume":"116","author":"Vinciguerra","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.03.052_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2009.10.021","article-title":"Long-term results of riboflavin ultraviolet A corneal collagen cross-linking for keratoconus in Italy: the Siena Eye Cross Study","volume":"149","author":"Caporossi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.03.052_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2006.01.091","article-title":"Parasurgical therapy for keratoconus by riboflavin-ultraviolet type A rays induced crosslinking of corneal collagen; preliminary results in an Italian study","volume":"32","author":"Caporossi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.03.052_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2011.11.029","article-title":"Patient subjective visual function after corneal collagen crosslinking for keratoconus and corneal ectasia","volume":"38","author":"Brooks","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.03.052_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2010.07.030","article-title":"Corneal collagen crosslinking for keratoconus and corneal ectasia","volume":"37","author":"Hersh","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.03.052_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2010.10.052","article-title":"Corneal thickness changes after corneal collagen crosslinking for keratoconus and corneal ectasia","volume":"37","author":"Greenstein","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.03.052_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20100218-01","article-title":"Epithelial, stromal, and total corneal thickness in keratoconus: three dimensional display with Artemix very-high frequency digital ultrasound","volume":"26","author":"Reinstein","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Refract Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.03.052_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20130129-08","article-title":"Spectral-domain OCT analysis of regional epithelial thickness profiles in keratoconus, postoperative corneal ectasia, and normal eyes","volume":"29","author":"Maia Rocha","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Refract Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.03.052_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2008.07.002","article-title":"Biomechanical analysis of the keratoconic cornea","volume":"2","author":"Gefen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Mech Behav Biomed Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.03.052_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.05.042","article-title":"Corneal healing after riboflavin ultraviolet-A collagen crosslinking determined by confocal laser scanning microscopy in\u00a0vivo: early and late modifications","volume":"146","author":"Mazzotta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.03.052_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ico.0000225720.38748.58","article-title":"Corneal cross-linking-induced stromal demarcation line","volume":"25","author":"Seiler","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.03.052_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.2007.01536.x","article-title":"Stromal haze after combined riboflavin-UVA corneal collagen cross-linking in keratoconus: in\u00a0vivo confocal microscopic evaluation","volume":"35","author":"Mazzotta","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.03.052_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2010.06.067","article-title":"The natural history of stromal haze after corneal collagen crosslinking for keratoconus and corneal ectasia","volume":"35","author":"Greenstein","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.03.052_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1159\/000074071","article-title":"Corneal endothelial cytotoxicity of riboflavin\/UVA treatment in\u00a0vitro","volume":"35","author":"Wollensak","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.03.052_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e3180334f78","article-title":"Safety of UVA-riboflavin cross-linking of the cornea","volume":"26","author":"Spoerl","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.03.052_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2016.01.040","article-title":"Intraoperative corneal thickness change and clinical outcomes after corneal collagen crosslinking","volume":"42","author":"Rosenblat","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.03.052_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2008.10.060","article-title":"Collagen crosslinking with ultraviolet-A and hypoosmolar riboflavin solution in thin corneas","volume":"35","author":"Hafezi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.03.052_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2009.08.041","article-title":"Pseudomonas keratitis after collagen crosslinking for keratoconus: case report and review of literature","volume":"36","author":"Sharma","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.03.052_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1971","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2014.03.026","article-title":"Transepithelial corneal collagen crosslinking for keratoconus","volume":"40","author":"Lesniak","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.03.052_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2014.09.033","article-title":"Corneal collagen crosslinking with riboflavin and ultraviolet-A light in progressive keratoconus: ten-year results","volume":"41","author":"Raiskup","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.03.052_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000000460","article-title":"Does corneal collagen crosslinking reduce the need for keratoplasties in patients with keratoconus?","volume":"34","author":"Sandvik","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cornea"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.09.014","type":"erratum","label":"Erratum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]],"date-time":"2017-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512086400000}}],"container-title":["Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0161642016321108?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0161642016321108?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,23]],"date-time":"2019-09-23T13:36:41Z","timestamp":1569245801000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0161642016321108"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0161642016321108"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.03.052","relation":{},"ISSN":["0161-6420"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0161-6420","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"United States Multicenter Clinical Trial of Corneal Collagen Crosslinking for Keratoconus Treatment","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ophthalmology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.03.052","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 by the American Academy of Ophthalmology","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}