{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T11:01:54Z","timestamp":1786446114543,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]],"date-time":"2023-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697673600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":352,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EY027510"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EY027510"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EY19869"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EY19869"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EY14267"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EY14267"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30EY022589"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30EY022589"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21EY031125"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21EY031125"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EY026574"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EY026574"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EY11008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EY11008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002806","name":"Carl Zeiss Meditec AG","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002806","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004336","name":"Novartis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004336","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001818","name":"Research to Prevent Blindness","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010313","name":"Heidelberg Engineering","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010313","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005188","name":"Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T31IP1511"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T31IP1511"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006312","name":"BrightFocus Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017122"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017122"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006312","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006312","name":"BrightFocus Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EY023704"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EY023704"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006312","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006312","name":"BrightFocus Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EY028284"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EY028284"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006312","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006312","name":"BrightFocus Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EY029058"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EY029058"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006312","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006312","name":"BrightFocus Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EY018926"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EY018926"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006312","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aaojournal.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.06.017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]],"date-time":"2022-06-22T21:09:00Z","timestamp":1655932140000},"page":"1235-1244","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Impact of Smoking on Visual Field Progression in a Long-term Clinical Follow-up"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"129","author":[{"given":"Golnoush","family":"Mahmoudinezhad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Nishida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9553-3202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert N.","family":"Weinreb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sally L.","family":"Baxter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3647-0250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Medi","family":"Eslani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleonora","family":"Micheletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey M.","family":"Liebmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo A.","family":"Fazio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher A.","family":"Girkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda M.","family":"Zangwill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sasan","family":"Moghimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.06.017_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1901","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.3192","article-title":"The pathophysiology and treatment of glaucoma: a review","volume":"311","author":"Weinreb","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.06.017_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.11.002","article-title":"Ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer and retinal nerve fiber layer changes in glaucoma suspects enable prediction of glaucoma development","volume":"210","author":"Shin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.06.017_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-016-1849-9","article-title":"More frequent, more costly? Health economic modelling aspects of monitoring glaucoma patients in England","volume":"16","author":"Boodhna","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.06.017_bib4","article-title":"Risk factors for microcystic macular oedema in glaucoma","author":"Mahmoudinezhad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.06.017_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2020-315980","article-title":"Rate of visual field decay in glaucomatous eyes with acquired pits of the optic nerve","volume":"105","author":"Mahmoudinezhad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.06.017_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1965","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.03.016","article-title":"Predictors of long-term progression in the early manifest glaucoma trial","volume":"114","author":"Leske","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.06.017_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.2010.02455.x","article-title":"Vascular risk factors in glaucoma: a review","volume":"39","author":"Yanagi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.06.017_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.06.028","article-title":"Factors affecting rates of visual field progression in glaucoma patients with\u00a0optic disc hemorrhage","volume":"117","author":"Prata","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.06.017_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.06.019","article-title":"Risk factors for fast visual field progression in glaucoma","volume":"207","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.06.017_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.120.6.714","article-title":"The Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study: baseline factors that predict the onset of primary open-angle glaucoma","volume":"120","author":"Gordon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.06.017_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.121.1.48","article-title":"Factors for glaucoma progression and the effect of treatment: the Early Manifest Glaucoma Trial","volume":"121","author":"Leske","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.06.017_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2003.12.047","article-title":"The pathophysiology of cigarette smoking and cardiovascular disease: an update","volume":"43","author":"Ambrose","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.06.017_bib13","first-page":"195","article-title":"The association between cigarette smoking and ocular diseases","volume":"6","author":"Cheng","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hong Kong Med J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.06.017_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.59.4.211","article-title":"Chronic open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. An epidemiological study","volume":"59","author":"Morgan","year":"1975","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.06.017_bib15","first-page":"A84","article-title":"Peer reviewed: smoking and visual impairment among older adults with age-related eye diseases","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prev Chronic Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.06.017_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000005761","article-title":"Smoking and incidence of glaucoma: the SUN cohort","volume":"96","author":"P\u00e9rez-de-Arcelus","year":"2017","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.06.017_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2010.373","article-title":"Lifestyle and risk of developing open-angle glaucoma: the Rotterdam Study","volume":"129","author":"Ramdas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.06.017_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2020.06.009","article-title":"Risk factors for visual field\u00a0deterioration in the United Kingdom Glaucoma Treatment Study","volume":"127","author":"Founti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.06.017_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2003.09.009","article-title":"Epidemiological association between cigarette smoking and primary open-angle glaucoma: a meta-analysis","volume":"118","author":"Bonovas","year":"2004","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.06.017_bib20","first-page":"2953","article-title":"Smoking, an additional risk factor in elder women with\u00a0primary open-angle glaucoma","volume":"15","author":"Zanon-Moreno","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol Vis"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.06.017_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.1161\/hc4101.097525","article-title":"Dysfunctional endothelial nitric oxide biosynthesis in healthy smokers with impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilatation","volume":"104","author":"Barua","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.06.017_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2010.49","article-title":"African Descent and Glaucoma Evaluation Study (ADAGES): II. Ancestry differences in optic disc, retinal nerve fiber layer, and macular structure in healthy subjects","volume":"128","author":"Girkin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.06.017_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogla.2018.05.005","article-title":"Distribution and rates of visual field loss across different disease stages in primary open-angle glaucoma","volume":"1","author":"Yousefi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Glaucoma"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.06.017_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6939","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-10345","article-title":"The structure and function relationship in glaucoma: implications for detection of progression and measurement of rates of change","volume":"53","author":"Medeiros","year":"2012","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.06.017_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2010.01.010","article-title":"Rates of progressive retinal nerve fiber layer loss in glaucoma measured by scanning laser polarimetry","volume":"149","author":"Medeiros","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.06.017_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2021.03.019","article-title":"Rapid initial OCT RNFL thinning is predictive of faster visual field loss during extended follow-up in glaucoma","volume":"229","author":"Swaminathan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.06.017_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.8.5.2","article-title":"Comparison of methods to detect and measure glaucomatous visual field progression","volume":"8","author":"Rabiolo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.06.017_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.123.2.193","article-title":"Pointwise linear regression for evaluation of visual field outcomes and comparison with the Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study methods","volume":"123","author":"Nouri-Mahdavi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.06.017_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-18000","article-title":"The effect of limiting the range of perimetric sensitivities on pointwise assessment of visual field progression in glaucoma","volume":"57","author":"Gardiner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.06.017_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2020.06.027","article-title":"Impact of intraocular pressure control on rates of retinal nerve fiber layer loss in a large clinical population","volume":"128","author":"Jammal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.06.017_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1007\/s12199-013-0359-1","article-title":"Association of smoking with intraocular pressure in middle-aged and older Japanese residents","volume":"19","author":"Yoshida","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ Health Prev Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.06.017_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.3928\/23258160-20170802-03","article-title":"Evaluation of macular perfusion in healthy smokers by using optical coherence tomography angiography","volume":"48","author":"Ayhan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.06.017_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2439","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-16088","article-title":"Comparison of risk factor profiles for primary open-angle glaucoma subtypes defined by pattern of visual field loss: a prospective study","volume":"56","author":"Kang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.06.017_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1395-3907.2004.00301.x","article-title":"Effects of moderate smoking on the central visual field","volume":"82","author":"Akarsu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol Scand"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.06.017_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0420.2001.079001053.x","article-title":"Defective visual field tests in chronic heavy smokers","volume":"79","author":"Hepsen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol Scand"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.06.017_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2011.118","article-title":"Endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene variants and primary open-angle glaucoma: interactions with hypertension, alcohol intake, and cigarette smoking","volume":"129","author":"Kang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.06.017_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2017.292","article-title":"Cigarette smoking and glaucoma in the United States population","volume":"32","author":"Law","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eye"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.06.017_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(99)90117-3","article-title":"Acute effects of cigarette smoking on tissue circulation in human optic nerve head and choroid-retina","volume":"106","author":"Tamaki","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.06.017_bib39","first-page":"379","article-title":"Evaluation of the effects of moderate to severe smoking on retinal nerve fibre layer thickness","volume":"6","author":"Kumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Evid Based Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.06.017_bib40","article-title":"The impact of chronic tobacco smoking on retinal and choroidal thickness in Greek population","volume":"2016","author":"Moschos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.06.017_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3109\/15569527.2014.1003935","article-title":"The effect of cigarette smoking on retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in patients with migraine","volume":"35","author":"Demirci","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cutan Ocul Toxicol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.06.017_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1080\/15569527.2017.1300162","article-title":"Effect of smoking on the thickness of retinal layers in healthy smokers","volume":"36","author":"Duman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cutan Ocul Toxicol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.06.017_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5028","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-11971","article-title":"Associations with retinal nerve fiber layer measures in the EPIC-Norfolk Eye Study","volume":"54","author":"Khawaja","year":"2013","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.06.017_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-016-0357-6","article-title":"Evaluation of retinal ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer complex in healthy smokers","volume":"37","author":"\u00c7ak\u0131r","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.06.017_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6257(98)00002-2","article-title":"The association between cigarette smoking and ocular diseases","volume":"42","author":"Solberg","year":"1998","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.06.017_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-016-0245-0","article-title":"The association between cigarette smoking and primary open-angle glaucoma: a systematic review","volume":"37","author":"Jain","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.06.017_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1524","DOI":"10.2741\/e353","article-title":"Oxidative stress in primary open-angle glaucoma","volume":"3","author":"Erb","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front Biosci (Elite Ed)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.06.017_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.81.2.133","article-title":"Blood flow velocity in the extraocular vessels in chronic smokers","volume":"81","author":"Kaiser","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.06.017_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.69.10.765","article-title":"Blood and plasma viscosity measurements in patients with glaucoma","volume":"69","author":"Klaver","year":"1985","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.06.017_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00919642","article-title":"The effects of nicotine on the blood flow of the ophthalmic artery and the finger circulation","volume":"231","author":"Rojanapongpun","year":"1993","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.06.017_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1097\/01.psp.0000249918.19016.f6","article-title":"Effect of cigarette smoking on the oxidant\/antioxidant balance in healthy subjects","volume":"14","author":"Ch\u00e1vez","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.06.017_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2018.06.021","article-title":"Systemic disease and\u00a0long-term intraocular pressure mean, peak, and variability in nonglaucomatous eyes","volume":"193","author":"Dikopf","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.06.017_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0076434","article-title":"Prevalence and associated factors of glaucoma in rural central India. The Central India Eye and Medical Study","volume":"8","author":"Nangia","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.06.017_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2329","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.107.482786","article-title":"Neuroprotective effects of leptin against ischemic injury induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation and transient cerebral ischemia","volume":"38","author":"Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"8 suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.06.017_bib55","first-page":"3289s","article-title":"Relationship of obesity to blood estrogens","volume":"42","author":"Zumoff","year":"1982","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.06.017_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1002\/dneu.20373","article-title":"Retinal ganglion cell protection by 17-\u03b2-estradiol in a mouse model of inherited glaucoma","volume":"67","author":"Zhou","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dev Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.06.017_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.03.003","article-title":"Neuropeptide Y gene-by-psychosocial stress interaction effect is associated with obesity in a Korean population","volume":"69","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.06.017_bib58","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Current cigarette smoking among adults in the United States. Accessed 17.03.22. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/tobacco\/data_statistics\/fact_sheets\/adult_data\/cig_smoking\/index.htm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.06.017_bib59","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Cigarette smoking among U.S. adults hits all-time low. Accessed 14.11.19. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/media\/releases\/2019\/p1114-smoking-low.html#:~:text=Cigarette%20smoking%20among%20U.S.%20adults%20has%20reached%20an%20all%2Dtime,the%20health%20consequences%20of%20smoking."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.06.017_bib60","series-title":"Preventing Tobacco Use among Youth and Young Adults: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: United States Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office on Smoking and Health","year":"2012"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.06.017_bib61","first-page":"111","article-title":"The psychosocial etiology of adolescent drug use: a family interactional approach","volume":"116","author":"Brook","year":"1990","journal-title":"Genet Soc Gen Psychol Monogr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.06.017_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-0639","article-title":"Psychosocial factors associated with adolescent electronic cigarette and cigarette use","volume":"136","author":"Barrington-Trimis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatrics"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0161642022004766?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0161642022004766?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T19:53:54Z","timestamp":1777492434000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0161642022004766"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0161642022004766"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.06.017","relation":{},"ISSN":["0161-6420"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0161-6420","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Impact of Smoking on Visual Field Progression in a Long-term Clinical Follow-up","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ophthalmology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.06.017","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 by the American Academy of Ophthalmology","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}