{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T07:17:10Z","timestamp":1794035830981,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,22]],"date-time":"2023-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687392000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aaojournal.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,16]],"date-time":"2023-06-16T21:18:06Z","timestamp":1686950286000},"page":"1024-1036","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["The Association of Physical Activity with Glaucoma and Related Traits in the UK Biobank"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"130","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6869-0680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kian M.","family":"Madjedi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelsey V.","family":"Stuart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2501-0948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharon Y.L.","family":"Chua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pradeep Y.","family":"Ramulu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0800-2890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alasdair","family":"Warwick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5088-6343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert N.","family":"Luben","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5001-7113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zihan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Chia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7554-6783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugues","family":"Aschard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janey L.","family":"Wiggs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4812-0557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jae H.","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5835-3496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louis R.","family":"Pasquale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul J.","family":"Foster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6802-8585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anthony P.","family":"Khawaja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10722","article-title":"Mechanisms of stroke protection by physical activity","volume":"54","author":"Endres","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(93)90231-O","article-title":"Physical training improves skeletal muscle metabolism in patients with chronic heart failure","volume":"21","author":"Adamopoulos","year":"1993","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"9838","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61031-9","article-title":"Effect of physical inactivity on major non-communicable diseases worldwide: an analysis of burden of disease and life expectancy","volume":"380","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2010.02281.x","article-title":"Physical activity and risk of cognitive decline: a meta-analysis of prospective studies","volume":"269","author":"Sofi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2298","article-title":"Be smart, exercise your heart: exercise effects on brain and cognition","volume":"9","author":"Hillman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-018-0081-8","article-title":"Physical activity, visual impairment, and eye disease","volume":"32","author":"Ong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eye"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2006.103796","article-title":"Physical activity and the 15-year cumulative incidence of age-related macular degeneration: the Beaver Dam Eye Study","volume":"90","author":"Knudtson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13962","article-title":"Physical activity and eye diseases. The Beijing Eye Study","volume":"97","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2253","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001692","article-title":"Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and incident glaucoma","volume":"50","author":"Meier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4733","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-19475","article-title":"Influence of exercise on intraocular pressure, Schlemm\u2019s canal, and the trabecular meshwork","volume":"57","author":"Yan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2011.54","article-title":"The short-term influence of exercise on axial length and intraocular pressure","volume":"25","author":"Read","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eye"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib12","first-page":"2874","article-title":"The effect of continuous strenuous exercise on intraocular pressure","volume":"33","author":"Ashkenazi","year":"1992","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib13","first-page":"1011","article-title":"Mechanism of exercise-induced ocular hypotension","volume":"40","author":"Martin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-200306000-00013","article-title":"Effect of exercise on intraocular pressure and pulsatile ocular blood flow in a young normal population","volume":"80","author":"Price","year":"2003","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2415-9-6","article-title":"Aerobic exercise and intraocular pressure in normotensive and glaucoma patients","volume":"9","author":"Natsis","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.54.9.599","article-title":"Effect of moderate exercise on the ocular tension","volume":"54","author":"Leighton","year":"1970","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-020-04736-2","article-title":"Intraocular pressure increases during dynamic resistance training exercises according to the exercise phase in healthy young adults","volume":"258","author":"Vera","year":"2020","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib18","first-page":"317","article-title":"The effect of physical fitness on intraocular pressure in Chinese medical students","volume":"58","author":"Qureshi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei)"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2461","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-019-04441-9","article-title":"Long-term regular exercise and intraocular pressure: the Hisayama Study","volume":"257","author":"Fujiwara","year":"2019","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1722","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2014.01.019","article-title":"Forced exercise protects the aged optic nerve against intraocular pressure injury","volume":"35","author":"Chrysostomou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12512","article-title":"Exercise reverses age-related vulnerability of the retina to injury by preventing complement-mediated synapse elimination via a BDNF-dependent pathway","volume":"15","author":"Chrysostomou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2020.108240","article-title":"Aerobic exercise delays retinal ganglion cell death after optic nerve injury","volume":"200","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-24389","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography angiography quantitative assessment of exercise-induced variations in retinal vascular plexa of healthy subjects","volume":"60","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001419","article-title":"Short-term effects of exercise on optic nerve and macular perfusion measured by optical coherence tomography angiography","volume":"37","author":"Alnawaiseh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2015","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-81770-y","article-title":"Effects of physical exercise on macular vessel density and choroidal thickness in children","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31819e420f","article-title":"Relationship of incident glaucoma versus physical activity and fitness in male runners","volume":"41","author":"Williams","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0171441","article-title":"The relation between exercise and glaucoma in a South Korean population-based sample","volume":"12","author":"Lin","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib28","first-page":"866","article-title":"Intraocular pressure , glaucoma , and dietary caffeine consumption: a gene and diet interaction study from the UK","volume":"128","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biobank"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogla.2022.11.008","article-title":"The association of alcohol consumption with glaucoma and related traits: findings from the UK Biobank","volume":"6","author":"Stuart","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Glaucoma"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000661","article-title":"Utilization and harmonization of adult accelerometry data: review and expert consensus","volume":"47","author":"Wijndaele","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.10.012","article-title":"Greater physical activity is associated with slower visual field loss in glaucoma","volume":"126","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.06.034","article-title":"Visual field loss and accelerometer-measured physical activity in the United States","volume":"119","author":"Van Landingham","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2020.06.053","article-title":"Patterns of daily physical activity across the spectrum of visual field damage in glaucoma patients","volume":"128","author":"Jian-Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0167472","article-title":"Estimation of physical activity energy expenditure during free-living from wrist accelerometry in UK adults","volume":"11","author":"White","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0169649","article-title":"Large scale population assessment of physical activity using wrist worn accelerometers: the UK Biobank Study","volume":"12","author":"Doherty","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2041-210X.2010.00057.x","article-title":"Making overall dynamic body acceleration work: on the theory of acceleration as a proxy for energy expenditure","volume":"2","author":"Gleiss","year":"2011","journal-title":"Methods Ecol Evol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S555","DOI":"10.1249\/01.mss.0000185651.59486.4e","article-title":"Imputation of missing data when measuring physical activity by accelerometry","volume":"37","author":"Catellier","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med Sci Sport Exerc"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001779","article-title":"UK Biobank: an open access resource for identifying the causes of a wide range of complex diseases of middle and old age","volume":"12","author":"Sudlow","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000078924.61453.FB","article-title":"International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity","volume":"35","author":"Craig","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-011843","article-title":"Association between physical activity and body fat percentage, with adjustment for BMI: a large cross-sectional analysis of UK Biobank","volume":"7","author":"Bradbury","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00421.2014","article-title":"Autocalibration of accelerometer data for free-living physical activity assessment using local gravity and temperature: an evaluation on four continents","volume":"117","author":"Van Hees","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000289","article-title":"Age group comparability of raw accelerometer output from wrist-and hip-worn monitors","volume":"46","author":"Hildebrand","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-025077","article-title":"Cohort profile: design and methods in the eye and vision consortium of UK Biobank","volume":"9","author":"Chua","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ijg.0000212268.42606.97","article-title":"Evaluation of the influence of corneal biomechanical properties on intraocular pressure measurements using the ocular response analyzer","volume":"15","author":"Medeiros","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Glaucoma"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.07.031","article-title":"Association between rates of visual field progression and intraocular pressure measurements obtained by different tonometers","volume":"126","author":"Susanna","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0126-8","article-title":"Genome-wide analyses identify 68 new loci associated with intraocular pressure and improve risk prediction for primary open-angle glaucoma","volume":"50","author":"Khawaja","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2019.08.015","article-title":"Comparison of associations with different macular inner retinal thickness parameters in a large cohort: the UK Biobank","volume":"127","author":"Khawaja","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(15)00283-0","article-title":"Novel insights into the genetics of smoking behaviour, lung function, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (UK BiLEVE): a genetic association study in UK Biobank","volume":"3","author":"Wain","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"7726","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0579-z","article-title":"The UK Biobank resource with deep phenotyping and genomic data","volume":"562","author":"Bycroft","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-019-0556-y","article-title":"Multitrait analysis of glaucoma identifies new risk loci and enables polygenic prediction of disease susceptibility and progression","volume":"52","author":"Craig","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-022-01165-1","article-title":"Genome-wide association analyses of physical activity and sedentary behavior provide insights into underlying mechanisms and roles in disease prevention","volume":"54","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1009497","article-title":"Genetic variation affects morphological retinal phenotypes extracted from UK Biobank optical coherence tomography images","volume":"17","author":"Currant","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLOS Genet"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2021.05.005","article-title":"Automated AI labeling of optic nerve head enables insights into cross-ancestry glaucoma risk and genetic discovery in >280,000 images from UKB and CLSA","volume":"108","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-20851-4","article-title":"Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies 127 open-angle glaucoma loci with consistent effect across ancestries","volume":"12","author":"Gharahkhani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.21758","article-title":"Mendelian randomization analysis with multiple genetic variants using summarized data","volume":"37","author":"Burgess","year":"2013","journal-title":"Genet Epidemiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.21965","article-title":"Consistent estimation in mendelian randomization with some invalid instruments using a weighted median estimator","volume":"40","author":"Bowden","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genet Epidemiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyv080","article-title":"Mendelian randomization with invalid instruments: effect estimation and bias detection through Egger regression","volume":"44","author":"Bowden","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0099-7","article-title":"Detection of widespread horizontal pleiotropy in causal relationships inferred from Mendelian randomization between complex traits and diseases","volume":"50","author":"Verbanck","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib59","first-page":"3852","article-title":"Correlates of acute exercise-induced ocular hypotension","volume":"35","author":"Harris","year":"1994","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2017-310869","article-title":"Macular imaging by optical coherence tomography in the diagnosis and management of glaucoma","volume":"102","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.12.041","article-title":"Macular versus retinal nerve fiber layer parameters for diagnosing manifest glaucoma: a systematic review of diagnostic accuracy studies","volume":"123","author":"Oddone","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00188","article-title":"Neuroprotective effects of physical activity: evidence from human and animal studies","volume":"8","author":"Chieffi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-144-2-200601170-00004","article-title":"Exercise is associated with reduced risk for incident dementia among persons 65 years of age and older","volume":"144","author":"Larson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2020.111210","article-title":"Improvement of retinal tissue perfusion after circuit resistance training in healthy older adults","volume":"146","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI44646","article-title":"Molecular clustering identifies complement and endothelin induction as early events in a mouse model of glaucoma","volume":"121","author":"Howell","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Invest"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.18240\/ijo.2020.01.24","article-title":"Proteome alterations in aqueous humour of primary open angle glaucoma patients","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2006.03.002","article-title":"Retinal synthesis and deposition of complement components induced by ocular hypertension","volume":"83","author":"Kuehn","year":"2006","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"issue":"Jun","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib68","first-page":"140","article-title":"Simultaneous complement response via lectin pathway in retina and optic nerve in an experimental autoimmune glaucoma model","volume":"10","author":"Reinehr","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2009.048512","article-title":"Evidence for a release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor from the brain during exercise","volume":"94","author":"Rasmussen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp Physiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2011.06.005","article-title":"Aerobic exercise improves hippocampal function and increases BDNF in the serum of young adult males","volume":"104","author":"Griffin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.01080","article-title":"Peripheral BDNF response to physical and cognitive exercise and its association with cardiorespiratory fitness in healthy older adults","volume":"11","author":"Tarassova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib72","first-page":"3460","article-title":"Retrograde axonal transport of BDNF in retinal ganglion cells is blocked by acute IOP elevation in rats","volume":"41","author":"Quigley","year":"2000","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3793","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-19825","article-title":"Long-term protection of retinal ganglion cells and visual function by brain-derived neurotrophic factor in mice with ocular hypertension","volume":"57","author":"Feng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib74","article-title":"Neuroprotection of retinal ganglion cells by a novel gene therapy construct that achieves sustained enhancement of brain-derived neurotrophic factor\/tropomyosin-related kinase receptor-B signaling","author":"Osborne","year":"201891013","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(01)01830-4","article-title":"Patterns of retinal ganglion cell survival after brain-derived neurotrophic factor administration in hypertensive eyes of rats","volume":"305","author":"Ko","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(01)00251-6","article-title":"Rat retinal ganglion cells co-express brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor TrkB","volume":"42","author":"Vecino","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.21998","article-title":"Bias due to participant overlap in two-sample Mendelian randomization","volume":"40","author":"Burgess","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genet Epidemiol"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S016164202300427X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S016164202300427X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T14:13:45Z","timestamp":1758982425000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S016164202300427X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S016164202300427X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["0161-6420"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0161-6420","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The Association of Physical Activity with Glaucoma and Related Traits in the UK Biobank","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ophthalmology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 by the American Academy of Ophthalmology.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}