{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T10:55:32Z","timestamp":1793271332084,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,5]],"date-time":"2024-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aaojournal.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2024.12.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]],"date-time":"2024-12-09T19:14:29Z","timestamp":1733771669000},"page":"578-589","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Face Masking and Risk of Endophthalmitis after Intravitreal Injection"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"132","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7069-3162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brendan K.","family":"Tao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3580-0417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaole","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4157-2710","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalie","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3404-5376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2692-0759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Mihalache","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7889-4177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Gou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dena","family":"Zeraatkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5014-561X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jim S.","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0370-5968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marko M.","family":"Popovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirill","family":"Zaslavsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo V.","family":"Navajas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter J.","family":"Kertes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David T.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Radha P.","family":"Kohly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0465-6472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajeev H.","family":"Muni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2024.12.006_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/ash.2023.200","article-title":"Considerations for de-escalating universal masking in healthcare centers","volume":"3","author":"Landelle","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antimicrob Steward Healthc Epidemiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2024.12.006_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.19257","article-title":"Variation of national and international guidelines on respiratory protection for health care professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"4","author":"Birgand","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Network Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2024.12.006_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.3928\/23258160-20140306-08","article-title":"Meta-analysis of infectious endophthalmitis after intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents","volume":"45","author":"Fileta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina"},{"issue":"Suppl 12","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2024.12.006_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000399","article-title":"Intravitreal injection technique and monitoring: updated guidelines of an expert panel","volume":"34","author":"Avery","year":"2014","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2024.12.006_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1159\/000486145","article-title":"2018 Update on intravitreal injections: Euretina expert consensus recommendations","volume":"239","author":"Grzybowski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2024.12.006_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2014.03.009","article-title":"Survey of intravitreal injection techniques and treatment protocols among retina specialists in Canada","volume":"49","author":"Xing","year":"2014","journal-title":"Can J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2024.12.006_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.01.009","article-title":"The pandemic is not associated with endophthalmitis decrease after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections","volume":"129","author":"Lum","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2024.12.006_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.3928\/23258160-20210528-04","article-title":"Trends in endophthalmitis associated with intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF agents at a tertiary referral center","volume":"52","author":"Reyes-Capo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2024.12.006_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.08.013","article-title":"The impact of physician face mask use on endophthalmitis after intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections","volume":"222","author":"Patel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2024.12.006_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2208","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000003193","article-title":"Endophthalmitis after intravitreal injections during the COVID-19 pandemic with implementation of universal masking","volume":"41","author":"Naguib","year":"2021","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2024.12.006_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2021.05.010","article-title":"The influence of universal face mask use on endophthalmitis risk after intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections","volume":"128","author":"Patel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2024.12.006_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e859","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14945","article-title":"Mask use by patients in the context of COVID-19 can increase the risk of postinjection endophthalmitis","volume":"100","author":"Blom","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2024.12.006_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000003899","article-title":"Correspondence","volume":"44","author":"Marin-Nieto","year":"2024","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2024.12.006_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2018.05.021","article-title":"Three risk of bias tools lead to opposite conclusions in observational research synthesis","volume":"101","author":"Losilla","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2024.12.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e31820a67e4","article-title":"Meta-analysis of endophthalmitis after intravitreal injection of anti\u2013vascular endothelial growth factor agents: causative organisms and possible prevention strategies","volume":"31","author":"McCannel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2024.12.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2992","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.8158","article-title":"Network meta-analysis of rare events using the Mantel-Haenszel method","volume":"38","author":"Efthimiou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"issue":"10347","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2024.12.006_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00878-9","article-title":"Comparative effects of pharmacological interventions for the acute and long-term management of insomnia disorder in adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"400","author":"De Crescenzo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2024.12.006_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5203","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.9562","article-title":"Network meta-analysis of rare events using penalized likelihood regression","volume":"41","author":"Evrenoglou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2024.12.006_bib20","series-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.4","author":"Higgins","year":"2023"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2024.12.006_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4321","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.2692","article-title":"A\u00a0simulation study comparing properties of heterogeneity measures in meta-analyses","volume":"25","author":"Mittlb\u00f6ck","year":"2006","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2024.12.006_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-8-79","article-title":"Undue reliance on I2 in assessing heterogeneity may mislead","volume":"8","author":"R\u00fccker","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2024.12.006_bib23","article-title":"GRADE approach to drawing conclusions from a network meta-analysis using a partially contextualised framework","volume":"371","author":"Brignardello-Petersen","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2024.12.006_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-056400","article-title":"Development and design validation of a novel network meta-analysis presentation tool for multiple outcomes: a qualitative descriptive study","volume":"12","author":"Phillips","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2024.12.006_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2023.3849","article-title":"Probiotics, prebiotics, lactoferrin, and combination products for prevention of mortality and morbidity in preterm infants: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"177","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2024.12.006_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.15069","article-title":"Patients face masks do not increase the risk of post-injection endophthalmitis","volume":"100","author":"Bisorca-Gassendorf","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2024.12.006_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000008","article-title":"Endophthalmitis associated with intravitreal injections: office-based setting and operating room setting","volume":"34","author":"Tabandeh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2024.12.006_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2120","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000003592","article-title":"Effect of physician face mask use on postinjection endophthalmitis","volume":"42","author":"Fortes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2024.12.006_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000004043","article-title":"No effect of real-world universal face masking on post-intravitreal injection endophthalmitis rate at a single tertiary academic center","volume":"44","author":"Haliyur","year":"2024","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2024.12.006_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2021.06.015","article-title":"Impact of patient face mask use on endophthalmitis after intravitreal anti-VEGF injections","volume":"57","author":"H\u00e9bert","year":"2022","journal-title":"Can J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2024.12.006_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.18502\/jovr.v18i3.13776","article-title":"Intravitreal injections and face masks: endophthalmitis risk before and during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"18","author":"Karimi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J\u00a0Ophthal Vis Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2024.12.006_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000004072","article-title":"Physician-patient face masking\u2019s influence on post-intravitreal injection endophthalmitis rates","volume":"44","author":"Liddle","year":"2024","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2024.12.006_bib33","first-page":"382","article-title":"Impact of prefilled syringes and masking on postintravitreal injection endophthalmitis","volume":"7","author":"Louis","year":"2023","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vitreoretin Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2024.12.006_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3657","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-022-05726-2","article-title":"Post-intravitreal injection endophthalmitis pattern during the COVID-19 pandemic with implementation of patients\u2019 masking","volume":"260","author":"Mirghorbani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exper Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2024.12.006_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-022-05768-6","article-title":"Legal obligation in the general population: face mask influence on endophthalmitis after intravitreal injection","volume":"261","author":"Neubauer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2024.12.006_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.3928\/23258160-20151027-07","article-title":"Effect of a strict \u2018no-talking\u2019 policy during intravitreal injection on post-injection endophthalmitis","volume":"46","author":"Garg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2024.12.006_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2021.1874023","article-title":"Endophthalmitis following intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy: changes in incidence and outcomes over a 9-year period","volume":"46","author":"Pancholy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2024.12.006_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2018.09.013","article-title":"Predictors of endophthalmitis after intravitreal injection: a multivariable analysis based on injection protocol and povidone iodine strength","volume":"3","author":"Stem","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2024.12.006_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2012.031","article-title":"Interrater reliability: the kappa statistic","volume":"22","author":"McHugh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochem Med (Zagreb)"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2024.12.006_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00187","DOI":"10.1128\/msystems.00187-18","article-title":"New insights into human nostril microbiome from the expanded human oral microbiome database (eHOMD): a resource for the microbiome of the human aerodigestive tract","volume":"3","author":"Escapa","year":"2018","journal-title":"mSystems"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2024.12.006_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0000000000000145","article-title":"Emerging techniques for pathogen discovery in endophthalmitis","volume":"26","author":"Hong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2024.12.006_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11030876","article-title":"Safety measures for maintaining low endophthalmitis rate after intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injection before and during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"11","author":"Tanaka","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2024.12.006_bib43","article-title":"The effect of patient facemask usage on post-injection endophthalmitis among intravitreally injected patients in Ohio from 2019-2020","volume":"62","author":"Wilneff","year":"2021","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2024.12.006_bib44","article-title":"Patients wearing face masks during intravitreal injections and endophthalmitis: a real world experience","author":"Sanchis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Euretina 2021 Virtual Abstracts"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2024.12.006_bib45","article-title":"Endophthalmitis rate following intravitreal injections before and after the adoption of COVID-19 universal masking","volume":"64","author":"Pfannenstiel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2024.12.006_bib46","article-title":"Impact of practice modifications on infectious endophthalmitis rates following intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor","volume":"57","author":"Maloney","year":"2016","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2024.12.006_bib47","article-title":"Incidence of endophthalmitis after wearing surgical masks during intravitreal injections","volume":"54","author":"Lessner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2024.12.006_bib48","first-page":"321","article-title":"Risk of infectious endophthalmitis from a resident-performed intravitreal injection","volume":"5","author":"Day","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vitreoretin Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2024.12.006_bib49","first-page":"116","article-title":"Board certification is associated with a reduced risk of endophthalmitis after intravitreal injections","volume":"6","author":"Emerson","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vitreoretin Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2024.12.006_bib50","article-title":"Current evidence for the prevention of endophthalmitis in anti-VEGF intravitreal injections","volume":"2018","author":"Lau","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0161642024007565?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0161642024007565?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T12:28:50Z","timestamp":1771417730000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0161642024007565"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0161642024007565"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2024.12.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0161-6420"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0161-6420","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Face Masking and Risk of Endophthalmitis after Intravitreal Injection","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ophthalmology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2024.12.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 by the American Academy of Ophthalmology.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}