{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T08:23:53Z","timestamp":1787127833221,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aaojournal.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2026.04.027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T22:18:30Z","timestamp":1777673910000},"page":"1121-1129","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug Use and the Risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"133","author":[{"given":"Alan Y.","family":"Hsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hou-Ting","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"De-Yi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9398-1316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ning-Yi","family":"Hsia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun-Ting","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun-Chi","family":"Chiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7880-9198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chun-Ju","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2412-904X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi-Ching","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2489-6601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huan-Sheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing-Qi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsin","family":"Tseng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ho-Che","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4937-6119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu-Hsun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry","family":"Bair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Yu","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5488-4257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min-Yen","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1235-0679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James Cheng-Chung","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2026.04.027_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2592","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23052592","article-title":"Exudative versus nonexudative age-related macular degeneration: physiopathology and treatment options","volume":"23","author":"Fernandes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2026.04.027_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.2011.02357.x","article-title":"Lifestyle modification, nutritional and vitamins supplements for age-related macular degeneration","volume":"91","author":"Sin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2026.04.027_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2014.8","article-title":"Age-related macular degeneration and protective effect of HMG Co-A reductase inhibitors (statins): results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2008","volume":"28","author":"Barbosa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2026.04.027_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13505","article-title":"Lessons from 20 years with COX-2 inhibitors: importance of dose-response considerations and fair play in comparative trials","volume":"292","author":"Stiller","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2026.04.027_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jamiaopen\/ooad035","article-title":"A global federated real-world data and analytics platform for research","volume":"6","author":"Palchuk","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMIA Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2026.04.027_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"P1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2019.09.024","article-title":"Age-related macular degeneration Preferred Practice Pattern\u00ae","volume":"127","author":"Flaxel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2026.04.027_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2989","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.49890","article-title":"The role of inflammation in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"16","author":"Tan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2026.04.027_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pharmtox.38.1.97","article-title":"Cyclooxygenases 1 and 2","volume":"38","author":"Vane","year":"1998","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2026.04.027_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.107.128918","article-title":"Celecoxib inhibits proliferation of retinal pigment epithelial and choroid-retinal endothelial cells by a cyclooxygenase-2-independent mechanism","volume":"324","author":"Amrite","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2026.04.027_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e32","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.2008.01491.x","article-title":"Topical nepafenac for treatment of exudative age-related macular degeneration","volume":"88","author":"Libondi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2026.04.027_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1007\/s40266-021-00885-z","article-title":"Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and risk of age-related macular degeneration in the California Teachers Study","volume":"38","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2026.04.027_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2023.09.014","article-title":"Association between non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and development of age-related macular degeneration: a 10-year retrospective cohort study","volume":"123","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2026.04.027_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.04.017","article-title":"Nine-year incidence and risk factors for age-related macular degeneration in a defined Japanese population the Hisayama study","volume":"116","author":"Yasuda","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2026.04.027_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-76556-7","article-title":"The effect of smoking on chronic inflammation, immune function and blood cell composition","volume":"10","author":"Elisia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2026.04.027_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2011.11.006","article-title":"Inflammation and type 2 diabetes","volume":"38","author":"Calle","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2026.04.027_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1862","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.918417","article-title":"Inflammation in peripheral artery disease","volume":"122","author":"Brevetti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2026.04.027_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15030676","article-title":"Mediterranean diet and physical activity nudges versus usual care in women with rheumatoid arthritis: results from the MADEIRA randomized controlled trial","volume":"15","author":"Papandreou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0161642026002976?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0161642026002976?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T07:24:49Z","timestamp":1787124289000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0161642026002976"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0161642026002976"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2026.04.027","relation":{},"ISSN":["0161-6420"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0161-6420","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug Use and the Risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ophthalmology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2026.04.027","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 American Academy of Ophthalmology, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}