{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T03:40:45Z","timestamp":1792726845689,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aaojournal.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2026.08.034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T10:15:12Z","timestamp":1788948912000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Retinal Care Access and Experience"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7207-6782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed B.","family":"Sallam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9735-7089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Z.","family":"Chauhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3713-6975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed F.","family":"Shakarchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carina T.","family":"Sanvicente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul H.","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2026.08.034_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2021.03.010","article-title":"Racial, ethnic, and insurance-based disparities upon initiation of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy for diabetic macular edema in the US","volume":"128","author":"Malhotra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2026.08.034_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2024.01.017","article-title":"Disparities in retinal vein occlusion presentation and initiation of anti-VEGF therapy: an Academy IRIS\u00ae Registry analysis","volume":"8","author":"Haller","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2026.08.034_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1177\/24741264231221607","article-title":"Effect of race and insurance status on treatment and outcomes in diabetic retinopathy: analysis of 43 274 eyes using the IRIS Registry","volume":"8","author":"Maturi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Vitreoretin Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2026.08.034_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.02.021","article-title":"Loss to follow-up in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration treated with anti-VEGF therapy in the United States in the IRIS\u00ae Registry","volume":"130","author":"Khurana","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2026.08.034_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsr1809937","article-title":"The \u201cAll of Us\u201d Research Program","volume":"381","author":"Denny","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2026.08.034_bib6","first-page":"502","article-title":"Adapting the everyday discrimination scale to medical settings: reliability and validity testing in a sample of African American patients","volume":"21","author":"Peek","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ethn Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2026.08.034_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2020.305579","article-title":"Transportation barriers to health care in the United States: findings from the National Health Interview Survey, 1997-2017","volume":"110","author":"Wolfe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0161642026006482?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0161642026006482?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T03:26:56Z","timestamp":1792726016000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0161642026006482"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":7,"alternative-id":["S0161642026006482"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2026.08.034","relation":{},"ISSN":["0161-6420"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0161-6420","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Retinal Care Access and Experience","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ophthalmology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2026.08.034","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Academy of Ophthalmology, Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}