{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T16:03:10Z","timestamp":1780934590888,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.es","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Open Respiratory Archives"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.opresp.2025.100495","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T10:31:15Z","timestamp":1758709875000},"page":"100495","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Spain's Sarcoidosis Mortality: An Evolving Public Health Challenge"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Lucia","family":"Cayuela","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna Michela","family":"Gaeta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria Achaval","family":"Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara Cabrera","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aurelio","family":"Cayuela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.opresp.2025.100495_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2101555","article-title":"Challenges of sarcoidosis and its management","volume":"385","author":"Drent","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.opresp.2025.100495_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13629","article-title":"Sarcoidosis: epidemiology and clinical insights","volume":"293","author":"Rossides","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.opresp.2025.100495_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.07.008","article-title":"Predictors of mortality in pulmonary sarcoidosis","volume":"153","author":"Kirkil","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.opresp.2025.100495_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.1570","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary sarcoidosis: a review","volume":"327","author":"Belperio","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.opresp.2025.100495_bib0140","article-title":"Global burden of pulmonary sarcoidosis from 1990 to 2021: a comprehensive analysis based on the GBD 2021 study","volume":"12","author":"Cao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.opresp.2025.100495_bib0145","first-page":"12","article-title":"Inequalities and age-period-cohort effects of global and regional burden for interstitial lung disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis: based on Global Burden of Disease study 2021","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.opresp.2025.100495_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2021.05.011","article-title":"Epidemiology of sarcoidosis in northern Spain, 1999\u20132019: a population-based study","volume":"91","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Ram\u00f3n","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.opresp.2025.100495_bib0155","first-page":"153","article-title":"Epidemiology of sarcoidosis in Catalonia: 1979\u20131989","volume":"13","author":"Fit\u00e9","year":"1996","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.opresp.2025.100495_bib0160","first-page":"617","article-title":"Sarcoidosis in a sanitary area at Leon (Spain). Epidemiology and clinical features","volume":"20","author":"Alcoba Leza","year":"2003","journal-title":"An Med Interna"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.opresp.2025.100495_bib0165","series-title":"Atlas de Mortalidad debida a Enfermedades Raras en Espa\u00f1a Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)","author":"Alonso-Ferreira","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.opresp.2025.100495_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11185367","article-title":"Sex differences in temporal trends in hospitalizations and in-hospital mortality in patients with sarcoidosis in Spain from 2001 to 2020","volume":"11","author":"L\u00f3pez-Mu\u00f1iz Ballesteros","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.opresp.2025.100495_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0000000000000715","article-title":"Sarcoidosis epidemiology: recent estimates of incidence, prevalence and risk factors","volume":"26","author":"Arkema","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pulm Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.opresp.2025.100495_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000007595","article-title":"Multidisciplinary approach and long-term follow-up in a series of 640 consecutive patients with sarcoidosis: cohort study of a 40-year clinical experience at a tertiary referral center in Barcelona, Spain","volume":"96","author":"Ma\u00f1\u00e1","year":"2017","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.opresp.2025.100495_bib0185","first-page":"1052","article-title":"Geoepidemiological big data approach to sarcoidosis: geographical and ethnic determinants","volume":"37","author":"Brito-Zer\u00f3n","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.opresp.2025.100495_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2022.03.009","article-title":"Sarcoidosis","volume":"159","author":"Brito-Zer\u00f3n","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med Clin (Barc)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.opresp.2025.100495_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0317237","article-title":"Shifting temporal trends and disparities in sarcoidosis mortality in the United States: a retrospective analysis from 1999 to 2020","volume":"20","author":"Raza","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.opresp.2025.100495_bib0200","first-page":"53","article-title":"Incidence, prevalence, and mortality of sarcoidosis in England: a population-based study","author":"Bechman","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health \u2013 Eur"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.opresp.2025.100495_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2022.106828","article-title":"Trends in sarcoidosis mortality rate in Japan from 2001 to 2020: a population-based study","volume":"196","author":"Harada","year":"2022","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.opresp.2025.100495_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2019.03.013","article-title":"Elderly sarcoidosis: a comparative study from a 42-year single-centre experience","volume":"152","author":"Rubio-Rivas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.opresp.2025.100495_bib0215","first-page":"380","article-title":"Epidemiologic patterns of disease expression in sarcoidosis: age, gender and ethnicity-related differences","volume":"34","author":"Brito-Zer\u00f3n","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.opresp.2025.100495_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2021.106688","article-title":"Differences in disease presentation between men and women with sarcoidosis: a cohort study","volume":"191","author":"Lundkvist","year":"2022","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.opresp.2025.100495_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2023.103107","article-title":"Pulmonary sarcoidosis: a comprehensive review: past to present","volume":"149","author":"Belperio","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.opresp.2025.100495_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-89383-1","article-title":"Gender differences in health-related quality of life measured by the Sarcoidosis Health Questionnaire","volume":"11","author":"Gwadera","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"}],"container-title":["Open Respiratory Archives"],"original-title":[],"language":"es","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2659663625001195?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2659663625001195?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T15:53:06Z","timestamp":1780933986000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2659663625001195"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S2659663625001195"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.opresp.2025.100495","relation":{},"ISSN":["2659-6636"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2659-6636","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Spain's Sarcoidosis Mortality: An Evolving Public Health Challenge","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Open Respiratory Archives","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.opresp.2025.100495","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Sociedad Espa\u00f1ola de Neumolog\u00eda y Cirug\u00eda Tor\u00e1cica (SEPAR). Published by Elsevier Espa\u00f1a, S.L.U.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100495"}}