{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T17:08:36Z","timestamp":1790874516719,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,1]],"date-time":"2007-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1170288000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Optometry - Journal of the American Optometric Association"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.optm.2006.10.014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,25]],"date-time":"2007-01-25T15:06:10Z","timestamp":1169737570000},"page":"63-70","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Visual loss secondary to acquired immunodeficiency virus\u2013related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy demonstrating clinical improvement with highly active antiretroviral therapy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Diller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.optm.2006.10.014_bib1","first-page":"93","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leuko-encephalopathy; a hitherto unrecognized complication of chronic lymphatic leukaemia and Hodgkin\u2019s disease","volume":"81","author":"Astrom","year":"1958","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"7712","key":"10.1016\/j.optm.2006.10.014_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(71)91777-6","article-title":"Cultivation of papova-like virus from human brain with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"1","author":"Padgett","year":"1971","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optm.2006.10.014_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280390195306","article-title":"Role of the environment in the transmission of JC virus","volume":"9","author":"Bofill-Mas","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.optm.2006.10.014_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a112169","article-title":"Seroepidemiology of human papovavirus","volume":"102","author":"Brown","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optm.2006.10.014_bib5","first-page":"99","article-title":"The epidemiology of human polyomaviruses","volume":"105","author":"Walker","year":"1983","journal-title":"Prog Clin Biol Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.optm.2006.10.014_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-003-1115-9","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: diffusion-weighted imaging and pathological correlations","volume":"46","author":"Bergui","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.optm.2006.10.014_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3062.2000.020106.x","article-title":"Visual symptoms after lung transplantation: a case of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"2","author":"Ouwens","year":"2000","journal-title":"Transpl Infect Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.optm.2006.10.014_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200307040-00004","article-title":"Critical role of JC virus-specific CD4 T-cell responses in preventing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"17","author":"Gasnault","year":"2003","journal-title":"Aids"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.optm.2006.10.014_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280390195261","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: explaining the high incidence and disproportionate frequency of the illness relative to other immunosuppressive conditions","volume":"9","author":"Berger","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.optm.2006.10.014_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198802043180507","article-title":"Involvement of JC virus-infected mononuclear cells from the bone marrow and spleen in the pathogenesis of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"318","author":"Houff","year":"1988","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.optm.2006.10.014_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280390195388","article-title":"Clinical epidemiology and survival of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy: data from the Italian Registry Investigative Neuro AIDS (IRINA)","volume":"9","author":"Antinori","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.optm.2006.10.014_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.3109\/13550289809113482","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients with HIV infection","volume":"4","author":"Berger","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"issue":"RR-17","key":"10.1016\/j.optm.2006.10.014_bib13","first-page":"1","article-title":"1993 revised classification system for HIV infection and expanded surveillance case definition for AIDS among adolescents and adults","volume":"41","year":"1992","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.optm.2006.10.014_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.41.11.1733","article-title":"Epidemiology of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in the United States: analysis of national mortality and AIDS surveillance data","volume":"41","author":"Holman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.optm.2006.10.014_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.56.2.257","article-title":"HIV-associated neurologic disease incidence changes: Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, 1990-1998","volume":"56","author":"Sacktor","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.optm.2006.10.014_bib16","first-page":"1030","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients with HIV infection: lack of impact of early diagnosis by stereotactic brain biopsy","volume":"5","author":"Karahalios","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.optm.2006.10.014_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00867351","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in AIDS: a clinicopathologic study and review of the literature","volume":"240","author":"von Einsiedel","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.optm.2006.10.014_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-001-0714-6","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy limited to the brain stem","volume":"44","author":"Kastrup","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.optm.2006.10.014_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(96)30589-7","article-title":"Ophthalmologic manifestations of acquired immune deficiency syndrome-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"103","author":"Ormerod","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.optm.2006.10.014_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(89)90023-8","article-title":"Isolated homonymous hemianopsia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome","volume":"108","author":"Slavin","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.optm.2006.10.014_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(96)05311-7","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria and clinical procedures in HIV-1 associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"147","author":"von Giesen","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.optm.2006.10.014_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1977.04450040122019","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"95","author":"Appen","year":"1977","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.optm.2006.10.014_bib23","first-page":"41","article-title":"Visual complaints in an HIV-infected man","volume":"7","author":"Zuger","year":"1995","journal-title":"AIDS Clin Care"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.optm.2006.10.014_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280390195315","article-title":"Inflammatory reaction in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: harmful or beneficial?","volume":"9","author":"Du Pasquier","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.optm.2006.10.014_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1990.03450010083036","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in AIDS","volume":"264","author":"Chaisson","year":"1990","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.optm.2006.10.014_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(98)00321-0","article-title":"Enhancing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: an indicator of improved immune status?","volume":"105","author":"Kotecha","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.optm.2006.10.014_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.38.7.1060","article-title":"Prolonged survival and partial recovery in AIDS-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"38","author":"Berger","year":"1988","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.optm.2006.10.014_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1007\/s002340050478","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in AIDS: initial and follow-up CT and MRI","volume":"39","author":"Thurnher","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.optm.2006.10.014_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2929","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.34.12.2929-2932.1996","article-title":"Analysis of PCR as a tool for detection of JC virus DNA in cerebrospinal fluid for diagnosis of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"34","author":"Hammarin","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.optm.2006.10.014_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.33.2.484-486.1995","article-title":"Diagnostic value of detecting JC virus DNA in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"33","author":"Fong","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.optm.2006.10.014_bib31","first-page":"1896","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in AIDS: are there any MR findings useful to patient management and predictive of patient survival?","volume":"20","author":"Post","year":"1999","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.optm.2006.10.014_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410440309","article-title":"Predictive factors for prolonged survival in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"44","author":"Berger","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.optm.2006.10.014_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1900","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200109280-00028","article-title":"Inflammatory reactions in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after highly active antiretroviral therapy","volume":"15","author":"Miralles","year":"2001","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.optm.2006.10.014_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00007794","article-title":"Cytarabine and highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"247","author":"Enting","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.optm.2006.10.014_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1086\/315817","article-title":"The effect of potent antiretroviral therapy and JC virus load in cerebrospinal fluid on clinical outcome of patients with AIDS-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"182","author":"De Luca","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.optm.2006.10.014_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280152537247","article-title":"The good and evil of HAART in HIV-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"7","author":"Cinque","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.optm.2006.10.014_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1007\/s11940-000-0053-7","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"2","author":"Berger","year":"2000","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Neurol"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.optm.2006.10.014_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2467","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199818000-00016","article-title":"Treatment of AIDS-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy with highly active antiretroviral therapy","volume":"12","author":"Miralles","year":"1998","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.optm.2006.10.014_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1086\/313598","article-title":"Highly active antiretroviral therapy and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: effects on cerebrospinal fluid markers of JC virus replication and immune response","volume":"30","author":"Giudici","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.optm.2006.10.014_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-7915(97)80112-4","article-title":"Immune reconstitution in HIV infection","volume":"9","author":"Emery","year":"1997","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.optm.2006.10.014_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1080\/713831540","article-title":"Topotecan in the treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"9","author":"Royal","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.optm.2006.10.014_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410330415","article-title":"Successful outcome of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy with cytarabine and interferon","volume":"33","author":"Steiger","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.optm.2006.10.014_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.4065\/76.11.1171","article-title":"Cidofovir treatment of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy","volume":"76","author":"Razonable","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.optm.2006.10.014_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-1293.2000.00012.x","article-title":"Immune restoration disease after the treatment of immunodeficient HIV-infected patients with highly active antiretroviral therapy","volume":"1","author":"French","year":"2000","journal-title":"HIV Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optm.2006.10.014_bib45","article-title":"Clinical implications of immune reconstruction in AIDS","author":"Jacobson","year":"2006","journal-title":"HIV InSite"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.optm.2006.10.014_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/S1386-6532(01)00200-1","article-title":"Immune dysfunction and immune restoration disease in HIV patients given highly active antiretroviral therapy","volume":"22","author":"Price","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.optm.2006.10.014_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1086\/344056","article-title":"Fatal immune restoration disease in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: impact of antiretroviral therapy-associated immune reconstitution","volume":"35","author":"Safdar","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.optm.2006.10.014_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2003.09.005","article-title":"Adverse events of desirable gain in immunocompetence: the immune restoration inflammatory syndromes","volume":"3","author":"Stoll","year":"2004","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.optm.2006.10.014_bib49","first-page":"67","article-title":"The immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome","volume":"5","author":"Shelburne","year":"2003","journal-title":"AIDS Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.optm.2006.10.014_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000161769.06158.8a","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors for immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome during highly active antiretroviral therapy","volume":"19","author":"Shelburne","year":"2005","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.optm.2006.10.014_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1993","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa030218","article-title":"Combination antiretroviral therapy and the risk of myocardial infarction","volume":"349","author":"Friis-Moller","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.optm.2006.10.014_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1811","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200409030-00010","article-title":"Cardio- and cerebrovascular events in HIV-infected persons","volume":"18","author":"d\u2019Arminio","year":"2004","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.optm.2006.10.014_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.3.724-728.1999","article-title":"Dual qualitative-quantitative nested PCR for detection of JC virus in cerebrospinal fluid: high potential for evaluation and monitoring of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in AIDS patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy","volume":"37","author":"Garcia de Viedma","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"}],"container-title":["Optometry - Journal of the American Optometric Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1529183906007512?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1529183906007512?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,19]],"date-time":"2020-04-19T22:07:09Z","timestamp":1587334029000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1529183906007512"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S1529183906007512"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.optm.2006.10.014","relation":{},"ISSN":["1529-1839"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1529-1839","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]}}}