{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T09:23:16Z","timestamp":1790673796309,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]],"date-time":"2020-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585699200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]],"date-time":"2020-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585699200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,5]],"date-time":"2019-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1570233600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.es","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Optometry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.optom.2019.09.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,25]],"date-time":"2020-01-25T16:48:41Z","timestamp":1579970921000},"page":"74-80","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["The clinical and experimental significance of blinking behavior"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Charles W.","family":"McMonnies","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2019.09.002_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1006\/exer.1998.0656","article-title":"The influence of eye solutions on blinking and ocular discomfort at rest and during work at video display terminals","volume":"68","author":"Acosta","year":"1999","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2019.09.002_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0892-8967(99)00016-4","article-title":"Spontaneous blink rate of a normal population sample","volume":"26","author":"Al-Abdulmunem","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int Contact Lens Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2019.09.002_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-0124(11)70007-6","article-title":"Spontaneous blink activity","volume":"9","author":"Cruz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2019.09.002_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1996.01100130707012","article-title":"Quantitative videographic analysis of blinking in normal subjects and patients with dry eye","volume":"114","author":"Tsubota","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2019.09.002_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-13780","article-title":"The effects of increasing ocular surface stimulation on blinking and sensation","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2019.09.002_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e3181fb84ea","article-title":"Age-related variations of human tear meniscus and diagnosis of dry eye with Fourier-domain anterior segment optical coherence tomography","volume":"30","author":"Qiu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2019.09.002_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2015.09.001","article-title":"Temperatures of the ocular surface, lid, and periorbital regions of Sjogren\u2019s, evaporative, and aqueous deficient dry eyes relative to normal","volume":"14","author":"Abreau","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2019.09.002_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199701000-00014","article-title":"Importance of the lipid layer in human tear film stability and evaporation","volume":"74","author":"Craig","year":"1997","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2019.09.002_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1475-1313.2003.00153.x","article-title":"The relation between tear film tests in patients with dry eye disease","volume":"23","author":"Nichols","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ophthamic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2019.09.002_bib0050","first-page":"4117","article-title":"Optical and visual impact of tear breakup in human eyes","volume":"41","author":"Tutt","year":"2000","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2019.09.002_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6700224","article-title":"Correlation of lipid layer thickness measurements with fluorescein tear film break-up time and Schirmer\u2019s test","volume":"17","author":"Isreb","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2019.09.002_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1177\/001872089403600209","article-title":"Blink rate: a possible measure of fatigue","volume":"36","author":"Stern","year":"1994","journal-title":"Hum Factors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2019.09.002_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/S0892-8967(00)00033-X","article-title":"Relation between tear break up time and spontaneous blink rate","volume":"26","author":"Al-Abdulmunem","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int Contact Lens Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2019.09.002_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870120629","article-title":"Analysis of blink rate patterns in normal subjects","volume":"12","author":"Bentivoglio","year":"1997","journal-title":"Move Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2019.09.002_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8760(99)00099-9","article-title":"Cardiac responses associated with affective processing of unpleasant film stimuli","volume":"36","author":"Palomba","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Psychophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2019.09.002_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e318194e962","article-title":"Blinking and tear break-up during four visual tasks","volume":"86","author":"Himebaugh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2019.09.002_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2010.03.007","article-title":"The (b)link between creativity and dopamine: spontaneous eye blink rates predict and dissociate divergent and convergent thinking","volume":"115","author":"Chermahini","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cognit"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2019.09.002_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1781(00)00108-6","article-title":"Diurnal variation in spontaneous blink rate","volume":"93","author":"Barbato","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2019.09.002_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(77)90916-3","article-title":"A tentative mechanism for inferior punctate keratopathy","volume":"83","author":"Abelson","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am J Ophthal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2019.09.002_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2017.1381270","article-title":"Blink: characteristics, controls, and relation to dry eyes","volume":"43","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2019.09.002_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11256","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.6218-10.2011","article-title":"Characterizing the spontaneous blink generator: an animal model","volume":"31","author":"Kaminer","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2019.09.002_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2013.1","article-title":"Assessment and management of blood-pressure variability","volume":"10","author":"Parati","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2019.09.002_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2019.02.009","article-title":"Reducing the invasive nature of tear stability assessments","volume":"17","author":"McMonnies","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2019.09.002_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.3109\/02713683.2013.822896","article-title":"The effects of mild ocular surface stimulation and concentration on spontaneous blink parameters","volume":"39","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2019.09.002_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-004-0990-z","article-title":"An assessment of the pattern of spontaneous eyeblink activity under the influence of topical ocular anaesthesia","volume":"243","author":"Naase","year":"2005","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2019.09.002_bib0130","first-page":"92","article-title":"Age-related changes in human blinks","volume":"38","author":"Sun","year":"1997","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2019.09.002_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3888","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-5119","article-title":"Cold thermoreceptors, unexpected players in tear production and ocular dryness sensations","volume":"52","author":"Belmonte","year":"2011","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2019.09.002_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1080\/17470215108416776","article-title":"Variations in reflex blink-rate during visual-motor tasks","volume":"3","author":"Drew","year":"1951","journal-title":"Quart J Exp Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2019.09.002_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2006.12.002","article-title":"Incomplete blinking: exposure keratopathy, lid wiper epitheliopathy, dry eye, refractive surgery, and dry contact lenses","volume":"30","author":"McMonnies","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cont Lens Anterior Eye"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2019.09.002_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1080\/13548500220139449","article-title":"Psychological resistance factors as predictors of general health status and physical symptom reporting","volume":"7","author":"Ebert","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychol Heal Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2019.09.002_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1079\/PHN2005801","article-title":"Basal metabolic rate studies in humans: measurement and development of new equations","volume":"8","author":"Henry","year":"2005","journal-title":"Publ Health Nut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2019.09.002_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(80)90058-6","article-title":"Interactions of eyelids and tears in corneal wetting and the dynamics of the normal human eyeblink","volume":"89","author":"Doane","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2019.09.002_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-009-1862-x","article-title":"Dopamine and inhibitory action control: evidence from spontaneous eye blink rates","volume":"196","author":"Colzato","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2019.09.002_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.3758\/s13415-012-0138-2","article-title":"Blinking predicts enhanced cognitive control","volume":"13","author":"van Bochove","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2019.09.002_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.119.2.483","article-title":"Dopamine and cognitive control: the influence of spontaneous eyeblink rate and dopamine gene polymorphisms on perseveration and distractibility","volume":"119","author":"Dreisbach","year":"2005","journal-title":"Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2019.09.002_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1997.tb02135.x","article-title":"Manipulating affective state using extended picture presentations","volume":"34","author":"Sutton","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2019.09.002_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2013.0227","article-title":"High-speed camera characterization of voluntary eye blinking kinematics","volume":"10","author":"Kwon","year":"2013","journal-title":"J R Soc Interface"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2019.09.002_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.1975.41.2.403","article-title":"Blinking and thinking","volume":"41","author":"Holland","year":"1975","journal-title":"Percept Motor Skills"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2019.09.002_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7199","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5387-08.2009","article-title":"Opposing influences of affective state valence on visual cortical encoding","volume":"29","author":"Schmitz","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurosci"}],"container-title":["Journal of Optometry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1888429619300895?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1888429619300895?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T11:12:06Z","timestamp":1761822726000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1888429619300895"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S1888429619300895"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.optom.2019.09.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["1888-4296"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1888-4296","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The clinical and experimental significance of blinking behavior","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Optometry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.optom.2019.09.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Spanish General Council of Optometry. Published by Elsevier Espa\u00f1a, S.L.U.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}