{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T18:33:07Z","timestamp":1789497187400,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]],"date-time":"2023-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701043200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","elsevier.es","clinicalkey.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Optometry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.optom.2023.100508","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]],"date-time":"2024-01-12T01:42:35Z","timestamp":1705023755000},"page":"100508","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Refractive features and amblyopia in Duane's Retraction Syndrome: A review of the 582 patients"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8270-9704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masoud","family":"Khorrami-Nejad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Reza","family":"Akbari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0457-8016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Motahhareh","family":"Sadeghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Babak","family":"Masoomian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arash","family":"Mirmohammadsadeghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Khalaf Mohsin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3083-544X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noor","family":"Hamad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2023.100508_bib0001","first-page":"164","article-title":"Duane retraction syndrome: series of 441 cases","volume":"49","author":"Kekunnaya","year":"2012","journal-title":"J AAPOS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2023.100508_bib0002","first-page":"133","article-title":"Congenital deficiency of abduction, associated with impairment of adduction, retraction movements, contraction of the palpebral fissure and oblique movements of the eye","volume":"34","author":"Duane","year":"1905","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2023.100508_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2005.06.004","article-title":"Vertical rectus muscle transposition for bilateral Duane syndrome","volume":"9","author":"Britt","year":"2005","journal-title":"J AAPOS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2023.100508_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.3928\/0191-3913-20030101-07","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging in Duane's retraction syndrome","volume":"40","author":"Ozkurt","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2023.100508_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S15","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0000000000000990","article-title":"Hoyt's role in identifying the pathogenesis of duane retraction syndrome","volume":"40","author":"Miller","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neuroophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2023.100508_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-0632","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging evidence for widespread orbital dysinnervation in dominant Duane's retraction syndrome linked to the DURS2 locus","volume":"48","author":"Demer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2023.100508_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.3928\/0191-3913-19930301-06","article-title":"Medial rectus electromyographic abnormalities in Duane syndrome","volume":"30","author":"Saad","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2023.100508_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(99)80158-5","article-title":"Absence of the abducens nerve in Duane syndrome verified by magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"125","author":"Parsa","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2023.100508_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.78.7.588","article-title":"Bilateral abducens nerve lesions in unilateral type 3 Duane's retraction syndrome","volume":"78","author":"Mulhern","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2023.100508_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1097\/00004397-199203210-00006","article-title":"Duane's syndrome","volume":"32","author":"Kowal","year":"1992","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2023.100508_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.58.3.293","article-title":"Electrophysiology of the retraction syndrome","volume":"58","author":"H\u00fcber","year":"1974","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2023.100508_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2017-310852","article-title":"Synergistic divergence: case series and literature review","volume":"102","author":"Awadein","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2023.100508_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(86)33777-1","article-title":"Surgical treatment of Duane's syndrome","volume":"93","author":"Pressman","year":"1986","journal-title":"Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2023.100508_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.4103\/joco.joco_114_20","article-title":"Ocular abnormal head posture: a literature review","volume":"33","author":"Akbari","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Curr Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2023.100508_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.4274\/tjo.42068","article-title":"Ocular causes of abnormal head position: strabismus clinic data","volume":"47","author":"Turan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Turk J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2023.100508_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joco.2017.08.008","article-title":"Surgical treatment of Duane retraction syndrome","volume":"29","author":"Akbari","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Curr Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2023.100508_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-022-00931-2","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and surgical approach in Duane retraction syndrome: a study of 691 patients","volume":"66","author":"Masoomian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Jpn J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2023.100508_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2014.10.019","article-title":"Surgical management of strabismus in Duane retraction syndrome","volume":"19","author":"Kekunnaya","year":"2015","journal-title":"J AAPOS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2023.100508_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1917","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S127481","article-title":"Duane retraction syndrome: causes, effects and management strategies","volume":"11","author":"Kekunnaya","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2023.100508_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2010.08.019","article-title":"Review of the major findings about Duane retraction syndrome (DRS) leading to an updated form of classification","volume":"50","author":"Y\u00fcksel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vis Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2023.100508_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1080\/09273970701632023","article-title":"Duane retraction syndrome on the Arabian Peninsula","volume":"15","author":"Khan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Strabismus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2023.100508_bib0022","first-page":"722","article-title":"Duane's retraction syndrome: literature review","volume":"71","author":"Gurwood","year":"2000","journal-title":"Optometry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2023.100508_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-6257(93)90077-K","article-title":"Duane's retraction syndrome","volume":"38","author":"DeRespinis","year":"1993","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2023.100508_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000001452","article-title":"Facial asymmetry in unilateral duane retraction syndrome","volume":"96","author":"Akbari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2023.100508_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1444-0938.2011.00635.x","article-title":"Duane's retraction syndrome: a retrospective review from Kathmandu, Nepal","volume":"95","author":"Shrestha","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Exp Optom"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2023.100508_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2008.04.015","article-title":"Differences in epidemiological and clinical characteristics between various types of Duane retraction syndrome in 331 patients","volume":"12","author":"Mohan","year":"2008","journal-title":"J AAPOS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2023.100508_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-007-9125-y","article-title":"Duane's retraction syndrome, a case series from Iran","volume":"28","author":"Anvari","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2023.100508_bib0028","first-page":"533","article-title":"Epidemiological and clinical aspects of Stilling-Turk-Duane syndrome","volume":"19","author":"Mehel","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Fr Ophtalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2023.100508_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.3928\/0191-3913-19930501-12","article-title":"Ocular and systemic characteristics of Duane syndrome","volume":"30","author":"Shauly","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2023.100508_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(77)90687-0","article-title":"Clinical observations in 101 consecutive patients with Duane's retraction syndrome","volume":"84","author":"Isenberg","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2023.100508_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.3928\/0191-3913-19850101-08","article-title":"Are anisometropia and amblyopia common in Duane's syndrome?","volume":"22","author":"Tredici","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2023.100508_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(70)93419-7","article-title":"Anisometropia and amblyopia in Duane's syndrome","volume":"69","author":"Kirkham","year":"1970","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2023.100508_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2022.07.008","article-title":"Refractive error in unilateral Duane syndrome","volume":"26","author":"Young","year":"2022","journal-title":"J AAPOS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2023.100508_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1235_18","article-title":"Prevalence of refractive errors, uncorrected refractive error, and presbyopia in adults in India: a systematic review","volume":"67","author":"Sheeladevi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2023.100508_bib0035","first-page":"183","article-title":"The prevalence of refractive errors and binocular anomalies in students of deaf boys schools in Tehran","volume":"26","author":"Akbari","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Curr Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2023.100508_bib0036","first-page":"789","article-title":"Clinical features of 201 cases with Duane's retraction syndrome","volume":"110","author":"Zhang","year":"1997","journal-title":"Chin Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2023.100508_bib0037","first-page":"200","article-title":"Duane's retraction syndrome: southwestern Ontario experience","volume":"24","author":"Ro","year":"1989","journal-title":"Can. J. Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2023.100508_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjopt.2019.07.007","article-title":"The clinical characteristics of Duane retraction syndrome in Al-Medina region","volume":"33","author":"Alreheli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Saudi J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2023.100508_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1995.109","article-title":"Greater severity of clinical features in older patients with Duane's retraction syndrome","volume":"9","author":"Noonan","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2023.100508_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2007.00517.x","article-title":"Duane's retraction syndrome: its sensory features","volume":"27","author":"Toma\u00e7","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2023.100508_bib0041","first-page":"161","article-title":"Duane's retraction syndrome-plus","volume":"19","author":"O'Malley","year":"1982","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Optometry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1888429623000560?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1888429623000560?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,15]],"date-time":"2024-06-15T20:55:09Z","timestamp":1718484909000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1888429623000560"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S1888429623000560"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.optom.2023.100508","relation":{},"ISSN":["1888-4296"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1888-4296","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Refractive features and amblyopia in Duane's Retraction Syndrome: A review of the 582 patients","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Optometry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.optom.2023.100508","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Spanish General Council of Optometry. Published by Elsevier Espa\u00f1a, S.L.U.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100508"}}