{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,5]],"date-time":"2026-07-05T00:18:17Z","timestamp":1783210697124,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]],"date-time":"2025-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749081600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.es","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Optometry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.optom.2025.100567","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,5]],"date-time":"2025-07-05T05:21:55Z","timestamp":1751692915000},"page":"100567","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Efficacy of a progressive multifocal soft contact lens in myopia management in Caucasian children: A two-year follow-up"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4413-9701","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergio","family":"D\u00edaz-G\u00f3mez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amaia","family":"Urkia-Solorzano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 A.","family":"L\u00f3pez-Garrido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mercedes","family":"Burgos-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2795-1802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Carballo-\u00c1lvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2025.100567_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2017.09.004","article-title":"The epidemics of myopia: aetiology and prevention","volume":"62","author":"Morgan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2025.100567_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2020.07.017","article-title":"Evolution of the prevalence of myopia among Taiwanese schoolchildren: a review of survey data from 1983 through 2017","volume":"128","author":"Tsai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2025.100567_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13061800","article-title":"Prevalence and estimation of the evolution of myopia in Spanish children","volume":"13","author":"Sanchez-Tena","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2025.100567_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-00231-4","article-title":"Myopia","volume":"6","author":"Baird","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2025.100567_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13603","article-title":"Axial length growth and the risk of developing myopia in European children","volume":"96","author":"Tideman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2025.100567_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.13094","article-title":"Refractive development I: biometric changes during emmetropisation","author":"Rozema","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2025.100567_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.11.010","article-title":"Efficacy comparison of 16 interventions for myopia control in children: a network meta-analysis","volume":"123","author":"Huang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2025.100567_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2020.100923","article-title":"Efficacy in myopia control","volume":"83","author":"Brennan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2025.100567_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/1004977","article-title":"Myopia: mechanisms and strategies to slow down its progression","volume":"2022","author":"Russo","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2025.100567_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.62.5.6","article-title":"IMI prevention of myopia and its progression","volume":"62","author":"Jonas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2025.100567_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13403","article-title":"Time spent in outdoor activities in relation to myopia prevention and control: a meta-analysis and systematic review","volume":"95","author":"Xiong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2025.100567_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2020-318367","article-title":"One-year myopia control efficacy of spectacle lenses with aspherical lenslets","author":"Bao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2025.100567_bib0013","article-title":"Influence of lenslet configuration on short-term visual performance in myopia control spectacle lenses","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2025.100567_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-020-4095-8","volume":"21","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trials"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2025.100567_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0000000000000677","article-title":"Biological mechanisms of atropine control of myopia","volume":"46","author":"Upadhyay","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2025.100567_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2019.01.008","article-title":"Effects of time-of-day on inhibition of lens-induced myopia by quinpirole, pirenzepine and atropine in chicks","volume":"181","author":"Nickla","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2025.100567_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-22337","article-title":"The adenosine receptor antagonist, 7-methylxanthine, alters emmetropizing responses in infant macaques","volume":"59","author":"Hung","year":"2018","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2025.100567_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/2607429","article-title":"Overnight orthokeratology: technology, efficiency, safety, and myopia control","volume":"2019","author":"Villa-Collar","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2025.100567_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-020-00298-y","article-title":"Slowing the progression of myopia in children with the MiSight contact lens: a narrative review of the evidence","volume":"9","author":"Ruiz-Pomeda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2025.100567_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12621","article-title":"Myopia control with novel central and peripheral plus contact lenses and extended depth of focus contact lenses: 2 year results from a randomised clinical trial","volume":"39","author":"Sankaridurg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2025.100567_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000001873","article-title":"Long-term effect of dual-focus contact lenses on myopia progression in children: a 6-year multicenter clinical trial","volume":"99","author":"Chamberlain","year":"2022","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2025.100567_bib0022","article-title":"Two-year myopia management efficacy of extended depth of focus soft contact lenses (MYLO) in Caucasian children","author":"Diaz-Gomez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2025.100567_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000000808","article-title":"Myopia control with bifocal contact lenses: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"93","author":"Aller","year":"2016","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2025.100567_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.10834","article-title":"Effect of high add power, medium add power, or single-vision contact lenses on myopia progression in children: the BLINK randomized clinical trial","volume":"324","author":"Walline","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2025.100567_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000001378","article-title":"Bifocal & atropine in myopia study: baseline data and methods","volume":"96","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2025.100567_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2024.102317","article-title":"Effect of 0.01 % atropine eye drops combined with different optical treatments to control low myopia in Chinese children","volume":"48","author":"Cao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cont Lens Anterior Eye"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2025.100567_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2024.102282","article-title":"Add-on effect of using 0.05 % atropine in fast progressors of orthokeratology: a preliminary retrospective study","volume":"48","author":"Wen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cont Lens Anterior Eye"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2025.100567_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2023.11.025","article-title":"Two-year myopia management efficacy of extended depth of focus soft contact lenses (MYLO) in caucasian children","volume":"260","author":"Diaz-Gomez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2025.100567_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo-2023-323651","article-title":"Randomised clinical trial of extended depth of focus lenses for controlling myopia progression: outcomes from SEED LVPEI indian myopia Study","author":"Manoharan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2025.100567_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2145","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S370041","article-title":"Reduction of myopic progression using a multifocal soft contact lens: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"16","author":"Cooper","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2025.100567_bib0031","article-title":"Predicting factors for progression of the myopia in the MiSight assessment study Spain (MASS)","author":"Prieto-Garrido","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Optom"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2025.100567_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xops.2022.100232","article-title":"Randomized trial of soft contact lenses with novel ring focus for controlling myopia progression","volume":"3","author":"Cheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2025.100567_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0000000000000950","article-title":"Visual performance and binocular\/accommodative function of S.T.O.P. Contact lenses compared with MiSight","volume":"49","author":"Tilia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2025.100567_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9362","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-7260","article-title":"Decrease in rate of myopia progression with a contact lens designed to reduce relative peripheral hyperopia: one-year results","volume":"52","author":"Sankaridurg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2025.100567_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5761","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-11904","article-title":"Peripheral defocus and myopia progression in myopic children randomly assigned to wear single vision and progressive addition lenses","volume":"54","author":"Berntsen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2025.100567_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0000000000000222","article-title":"Changes in peripheral refraction, higher-order aberrations, and accommodative lag with a radial refractive gradient contact lens in young myopes","volume":"42","author":"Paune","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2025.100567_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2024.5885","article-title":"Axial growth and myopia progression after discontinuing soft multifocal contact lens wear","volume":"143","author":"Berntsen","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2025.100567_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.62.10.36","article-title":"Myopia progression as a function of sex, age, and ethnicity","volume":"62","author":"Jones-Jordan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2025.100567_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2014.07.008","article-title":"Power profiles of single vision and multifocal soft contact lenses","volume":"38","author":"Wagner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cont Lens Anterior Eye"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2025.100567_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2024.102131","article-title":"The effect of the back optic zone diameter on the treatment zone area and axial elongation in orthokeratology","volume":"47","author":"Ding","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cont Lens Anterior Eye"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2025.100567_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-018-3906-z","article-title":"MiSight Assessment Study Spain (MASS). A 2-year randomized clinical trial","volume":"256","author":"Ruiz-Pomeda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2025.100567_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2019.107850","article-title":"Daily axial length and choroidal thickness variations in young adults: associations with light exposure and longitudinal axial length and choroid changes","volume":"189","author":"Ulaganathan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.optom.2025.100567_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2024.102303","article-title":"Subjective impressions with myopia control contact lenses versus single vision lenses: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"48","author":"Ping","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cont Lens Anterior Eye"}],"container-title":["Journal of Optometry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1888429625000329?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1888429625000329?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T23:58:10Z","timestamp":1783209490000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1888429625000329"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S1888429625000329"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.optom.2025.100567","relation":{},"ISSN":["1888-4296"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1888-4296","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Efficacy of a progressive multifocal soft contact lens in myopia management in Caucasian children: A two-year follow-up","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Optometry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.optom.2025.100567","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Espa\u00f1a, S.L.U. on behalf of Spanish General Council of Optometry.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100567"}}