{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T15:11:52Z","timestamp":1790953912674,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,1]],"date-time":"2018-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1519862400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport of Korean government","award":["17RERP-B090228-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17RERP-B090228-04"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","obesityresearchclinicalpractice.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.com.au","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Obesity Research & Clinical Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.orcp.2017.09.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,23]],"date-time":"2017-10-23T11:33:08Z","timestamp":1508758388000},"page":"146-157","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Eating alone and metabolic syndrome: A population-based Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013\u20132014"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9249-2940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A Rom","family":"Kwon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeong Sook","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyong Pil","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoon Kyung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji Ho","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.orcp.2017.09.002_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.4054\/DemRes.2015.32.40","article-title":"Living alone: one-person households in Asia","volume":"32","author":"Yeung","year":"2015","journal-title":"Demogr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.orcp.2017.09.002_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuv024","article-title":"Relationship between living alone and food and nutrient intake","volume":"73","author":"Hanna","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.orcp.2017.09.002_bib0015","first-page":"1059","article-title":"Alone at the table: food behavior and the loss of commensality in widowhood","volume":"71","author":"Vesnaver","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychol Sci Soc Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.orcp.2017.09.002_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.5539\/gjhs.v7n4p270","article-title":"Health, happiness and eating together: what can a large Thai cohort study tell us","volume":"7","author":"Yiengprugsawan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Global J Health Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.orcp.2017.09.002_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1177\/0020764016654505","article-title":"Is one's usual dinner companion associated with greater odds of depression? Using data from the 2014 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey","volume":"62","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Soc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.orcp.2017.09.002_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-016-0197-2","article-title":"Association between eating alone and depressive symptom in elders: a cross-sectional study","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.orcp.2017.09.002_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2015.01.078","article-title":"Eating alone as social disengagement is strongly associated with depressive symptoms in Japanese community-dwelling older adults","volume":"16","author":"Kuroda","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.orcp.2017.09.002_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2015.06.005","article-title":"Combined effects of eating alone and living alone on unhealthy dietary behaviors, obesity and underweight in older Japanese adults: results of the JAGES","volume":"95","author":"Tani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.orcp.2017.09.002_bib0045","first-page":"530","article-title":"Childhood obesity as result of an obesogenic lifestyle","volume":"54","author":"V\u00e1zquez","year":"2007","journal-title":"Endocrinol Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.orcp.2017.09.002_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.explore.2005.06.004","article-title":"Seven eating styles linked to overeating, overweight, and obesity","volume":"1","author":"Scherwitz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Explore (NY)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.orcp.2017.09.002_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-012-0067-3","article-title":"Eating alone among community-dwelling Japanese elderly: association with depression and food diversity","volume":"16","author":"Kimura","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.orcp.2017.09.002_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.75.6.901","article-title":"A multisite investigation of binge eating behaviors in children and adolescents","volume":"75","author":"Tanofsky-Kraff","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.orcp.2017.09.002_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2014.74","article-title":"Evaluating the role of Mediterranean diet and eating behaviors on the likelihood of having a non-fatal acute coronary syndrome, under the context of stress perception: a case-control study","volume":"68","author":"Katsarou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.orcp.2017.09.002_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2005.048611","article-title":"The metabolic syndrome: requiescat in pace","volume":"51","author":"Reaven","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.orcp.2017.09.002_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-013-0110-0","article-title":"Association between leisure time physical activity and metabolic syndrome: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies","volume":"46","author":"He","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.orcp.2017.09.002_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2064","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.8.2064","article-title":"Association between cigarette smoking and metabolic syndrome: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey","volume":"28","author":"Oh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.orcp.2017.09.002_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/80.1.217","article-title":"Alcohol consumption and the metabolic syndrome in Korean adults: the 1998 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey","volume":"80","author":"Yoon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.orcp.2017.09.002_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2014.06.012","article-title":"Certain dietary patterns are beneficial for the metabolic syndrome: reviewing the evidence","volume":"34","author":"Calton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.orcp.2017.09.002_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2012.204","article-title":"Sodium density and obesity; the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007\u20132010","volume":"67","author":"Yoon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.orcp.2017.09.002_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2735","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.169404","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome: an American Heart Association\/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement","volume":"112","author":"Grundy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.orcp.2017.09.002_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2006.04.013","article-title":"Appropriate waist circumference cutoff points for central obesity in Korean adults","volume":"75","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.orcp.2017.09.002_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000078924.61453.FB","article-title":"International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity","volume":"35","author":"Craig","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.orcp.2017.09.002_bib0115","series-title":"Analytic guidelines of the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Suvey","author":"Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.orcp.2017.09.002_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/s40200-015-0147-0","article-title":"Association of hyperglycemia in a general Japanese population with late-night-dinner eating alone, but not breakfast skipping alone","volume":"14","author":"Nakajima","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Diabetes Metab Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.orcp.2017.09.002_bib0125","first-page":"253581","article-title":"Potential association between breakfast skipping and concomitant late-night-dinner eating with metabolic syndrome and proteinuria in the japanese population","volume":"2014","author":"Kutsuma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Scientifica (Cairo)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.orcp.2017.09.002_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.04.025","article-title":"Situational effects on meal intake: a comparison of eating alone and eating with others","volume":"88","author":"Hetherington","year":"2006","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.orcp.2017.09.002_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.14373\/JKDA.2015.21.1.57","article-title":"Differences in solo eating perceptions and dietary behaviors of university students by gender","volume":"21","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Korean Diet Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.orcp.2017.09.002_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2012.03.021","article-title":"Influence of environmental factors on meal intake in overweight and normal-weight male adolescents. A laboratory study","volume":"59","author":"Mekhmoukh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.orcp.2017.09.002_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.27658","article-title":"The presence of friends increases food intake in youth","volume":"90","author":"Salvy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"Feburary (9)","key":"10.1016\/j.orcp.2017.09.002_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e96","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000476","article-title":"Meal timing and frequency: implications for cardiovascular disease prevention: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"135","author":"St-Onge","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.orcp.2017.09.002_bib0155","unstructured":"Statistics Korea Population and Housing Census, 2015 http:\/\/kostat.go.kr. [Accessed 14 Febuary 2017]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.orcp.2017.09.002_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-954X.00388","article-title":"Commensal careers at entry into marriage: establishing commensal units and managing commensal circles","volume":"50","author":"Sobal","year":"2002","journal-title":"Soc Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.orcp.2017.09.002_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.5720\/kjcn.2016.21.3.256","article-title":"Diet and health status of elderly women according to the family type","volume":"21","author":"Choi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Korean J Commun Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.orcp.2017.09.002_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.4163\/jnh.2015.48.3.277","article-title":"Comparative analysis of food intake according to the family type of elderly women in Seoul area","volume":"48","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Nutr Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.orcp.2017.09.002_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.9799\/ksfan.2014.27.5.940","article-title":"A study on the blood health status and nutrient intake in elderly women dwelling in longevity region in Jeonla province according to family arrangement","volume":"27","author":"Oh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Korean J Food Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.orcp.2017.09.002_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2016.04.034","article-title":"Changes in the social context and conduct of eating in four Nordic countries between 1997 and 2012","volume":"103","author":"Holm","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.orcp.2017.09.002_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2015.09.2679","article-title":"External validity of the well-being related to food questionnaire (well-BFQ\u00a9): variations according to the subjects' nutritional status","volume":"18","author":"Allaert","year":"2015","journal-title":"Value Health"}],"container-title":["Obesity Research & Clinical Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1871403X17300960?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1871403X17300960?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,26]],"date-time":"2018-08-26T12:08:44Z","timestamp":1535285324000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1871403X17300960"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S1871403X17300960"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.orcp.2017.09.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["1871-403X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1871-403X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Eating alone and metabolic syndrome: A population-based Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013\u20132014","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Obesity Research & Clinical Practice","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.orcp.2017.09.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Asia Oceania Association for the Study of Obesity. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}