{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T22:37:00Z","timestamp":1790462220233,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564617600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564617600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004328","name":"Genentech","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004328","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005616","name":"Allergan Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005616","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmology Retina"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,22]],"date-time":"2019-03-22T12:45:03Z","timestamp":1553258703000},"page":"649-655","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Current Practice Preferences and Safety Protocols for Intravitreal Injection of Anti\u2013Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Agents"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Joshua H.","family":"Uhr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ehsan","family":"Rahimy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.013_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1097\/APO.0000000000000146","article-title":"Intravitreal injection\u2014technique and safety","volume":"4","author":"Lai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asia-Pac J Ophthalmol Phila Pa"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.013_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.3109\/08820538.2014.959616","article-title":"Complications of subspecialty ophthalmic care: endophthalmitis after intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor medications","volume":"29","author":"Haddock","year":"2014","journal-title":"Semin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.013_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.12405","article-title":"Survey of Victorian ophthalmologists who use ranibizumab to treat age-related macular degeneration: to identify current practice and modifiable risk factors relevant to post-injection endophthalmitis","volume":"43","author":"Buck","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Experiment Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.013_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2015.04.017","article-title":"Experience of New Brunswick ophthalmologists using intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor","volume":"50","author":"Giberson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Can J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.013_bib5","first-page":"1111","article-title":"Survey of intravitreal injection techniques among retina specialists in Israel","volume":"10","author":"Segal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol Auckl N Z"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.013_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2485","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S117801","article-title":"Practice patterns of ophthalmologists administering intravitreal injections in Europe: a longitudinal survey","volume":"10","author":"Huang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol Auckl N Z"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.013_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12217","article-title":"A\u00a0survey of UK practice patterns in the delivery of intravitreal injections","volume":"35","author":"Samia-Aly","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt J Br Coll Ophthalmic Opt Optom"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.013_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2014.03.009","article-title":"Survey of intravitreal injection techniques and treatment protocols among retina specialists in Canada","volume":"49","author":"Xing","year":"2014","journal-title":"Can J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.013_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2010.08.039","article-title":"Survey of intravitreal injection techniques among retinal specialists in the United States","volume":"151","author":"Green-Simms","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"Suppl 12","key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.013_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000399","article-title":"Intravitreal injection technique and monitoring: updated guidelines of an expert panel","volume":"34","author":"Avery","year":"2014","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.013_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e31820a67e4","article-title":"Meta-analysis of endophthalmitis after intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents: causative organisms and possible prevention strategies","volume":"31","author":"McCannel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.013_bib12","first-page":"181","article-title":"2018 update on intravitreal injections: Euretina expert consensus recommendations","volume":"239","author":"Grzybowski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmol J Int Ophtalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.013_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2018.04.008","article-title":"Practice patterns of endophthalmitis treatment: an international survey of retina specialists","volume":"2","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.013_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-200410001-00002","article-title":"Evolving guidelines for intravitreous injections","volume":"24","author":"Aiello","year":"2004","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.013_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-015-3035-x","article-title":"The effect of prophylactic topical antibiotics on bacterial resistance patterns in endophthalmitis following intravitreal injection","volume":"254","author":"Storey","year":"2016","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.013_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4703","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612821666150909101045","article-title":"Controversies in topical antibiotics use with intravitreal injections","volume":"21","author":"Schwartz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.013_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13417","article-title":"Topical antibiotics and intravitreal injections","volume":"96","author":"Hunyor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.013_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001583","article-title":"Pooled estimates of incidence of endophthalmitis after intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents with and without topical antibiotic prophylaxis","volume":"38","author":"Reibaldi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.013_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e31829f74b0","article-title":"Incidence of presumed endophthalmitis after intravitreal injection performed in the operating room: a retrospective multicenter study","volume":"34","author":"Casparis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.013_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2012-302030","article-title":"Intravitreal injections: is there benefit for a theatre setting?","volume":"96","author":"Abell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.013_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000694","article-title":"Microbial spectrum and outcomes of endophthalmitis after intravitreal injection versus pars plana vitrectomy","volume":"36","author":"Garg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.013_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.3928\/23258160-20140306-08","article-title":"Meta-analysis of infectious endophthalmitis after intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents","volume":"45","author":"Fileta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.013_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2011.11.035","article-title":"An outbreak of\u00a0streptococcus endophthalmitis after intravitreal injection\u00a0of bevacizumab","volume":"153","author":"Goldberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.013_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1128\/am.16.2.428-429.1968","article-title":"Indigenous flora from human saliva","volume":"16","author":"Gordon","year":"1968","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.013_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)70380-0","article-title":"Microbiologic factors and visual outcome in the endophthalmitis vitrectomy study","volume":"122","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.013_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.06.006","article-title":"Acute-onset endophthalmitis after clear corneal cataract surgery (1996\u20132005). Clinical features, causative organisms, and visual acuity outcomes","volume":"115","author":"Lalwani","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.013_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e31815e9313","article-title":"Endophthalmitis after 25-gauge and 20-gauge pars plana vitrectomy: incidence and outcomes","volume":"28","author":"Scott","year":"2008","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.013_bib28","first-page":"473","article-title":"Reducing oral flora contamination of intravitreal injections with face mask or silence","volume":"32","author":"Doshi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.013_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.3928\/23258160-20151027-07","article-title":"Effect of a strict \u201cno-talking\u201d policy during intravitreal injection on post-injection endophthalmitis","volume":"46","author":"Garg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.013_bib30","first-page":"1","article-title":"Use of plastic adhesive drapes during surgery for preventing surgical site infection","volume":"4","author":"Webster","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.013_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S24358","article-title":"Evaluation of patients\u2019 experiences at different stages of the intravitreal injection procedure\u2014what can be improved?","volume":"5","author":"Tailor","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol Auckl N Z"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.013_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.12026","article-title":"Intravitreal injections: a review of the evidence for best practice","volume":"41","author":"Fagan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Experiment Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.013_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1968","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e318287da92","article-title":"Bimanual assisted eyelid retraction technique for intravitreal injections","volume":"33","author":"Fineman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.013_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.02.001","article-title":"Speculum versus bimanual lid retraction during intravitreal injection","volume":"122","author":"Rahimy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.013_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2013.10.003","article-title":"Conjunctival flora antibiotic resistance patterns after serial intravitreal injections without postinjection topical antibiotics","volume":"157","author":"Hsu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.013_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2011.182","article-title":"Survival of bacteria on the ocular surface following double application of povidone-iodine before cataract surgery","volume":"25","author":"Stranz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.013_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2010.08.044","article-title":"Allergy to povidone-iodine and cephalosporins: the clinical dilemma in ophthalmic use","volume":"151","author":"Wykoff","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmology Retina"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2468653019301265?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2468653019301265?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T09:25:53Z","timestamp":1762853153000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2468653019301265"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S2468653019301265"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.013","relation":{},"ISSN":["2468-6530"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2468-6530","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Current Practice Preferences and Safety Protocols for Intravitreal Injection of Anti\u2013Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Agents","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ophthalmology Retina","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.013","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 by the American Academy of Ophthalmology","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}