{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T12:51:37Z","timestamp":1793364697336,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564617600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564617600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006312","name":"BrightFocus Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006312","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007819","name":"Allergan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007819","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015340","name":"Bayer Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015340","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019320","name":"ONL Therapeutics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019320","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmology Retina"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,4]],"date-time":"2019-04-04T12:17:01Z","timestamp":1554380221000},"page":"656-662","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Real-World Trends in Intravitreal Injection Practices among American Retina Specialists"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Rahul","family":"Chaturvedi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kendall W.","family":"Wannamaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul J.","family":"Riviere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arshad M.","family":"Khanani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles C.","family":"Wykoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel L.","family":"Chao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.023_bib1","author":"Williams"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.023_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2010.08.039","article-title":"Survey of intravitreal injection techniques among retinal specialists in the United States","volume":"151","author":"Green-Simms","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.023_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1159\/000486145","article-title":"2018 Update on intravitreal injections: Euretina expert consensus recommendations","volume":"239","author":"Grzybowski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.023_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2013.107","article-title":"Adverse events and complications associated with intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF agents: a review of literature","volume":"27","author":"Falavarjani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.023_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2010.08.006","article-title":"Systemic and ocular safety of intravitreal anti-VEGF therapies for ocular neovascular disease","volume":"56","author":"Tolentino","year":"2011","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.023_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e31819a5f98","article-title":"Safety of repeat intravitreal injections of bevacizumab versus ranibizumab: our experience after 2,000 injections","volume":"29","author":"Ladas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.023_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2008.10","article-title":"Short-term complications of intravitreal injections of triamcinolone and bevacizumab","volume":"22","author":"Jonas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.023_bib8","first-page":"1111","article-title":"Survey of intravitreal injection techniques among retina specialists in Israel","volume":"10","author":"Segal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.023_bib9","article-title":"Managing intravitreal injections","author":"Getz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Professional"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.023_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3181eac724","article-title":"Randomized trial of anesthetic methods for intravitreal injections","volume":"31","author":"Blaha","year":"2011","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.023_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-200512000-00007","article-title":"Lidocaine gel anesthesia for intravitreal drug administration","volume":"25","author":"Kozak","year":"2005","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.023_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2017-311081","article-title":"Lid splinting eyelid retraction technique: a minimised sterile approach for intravitreal injections","volume":"102","author":"Munro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.023_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.07.010","article-title":"Endophthalmitis after intravitreal injections in patients with self-reported iodine allergy","volume":"170","author":"Modjtahedi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.023_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2032","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e31820f4b4f","article-title":"Prophylactic antibiotic use after intravitreal injection: effect on endophthalmitis rate","volume":"31","author":"Bhatt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.023_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18088","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-18412-9","article-title":"Intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF agents and antibiotic prophylaxis for endophthalmitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Bande","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.023_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13417","article-title":"Topical antibiotics and intravitreal injections","volume":"96","author":"Hunyor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.023_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2017.06.004","article-title":"Timing of povidone\u2013iodine application to reduce the risk of endophthalmitis after intravitreal injections","volume":"2","author":"Levinson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.023_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2011.227","article-title":"Bacterial dispersal associated with speech in the setting of intravitreous injections","volume":"129","author":"Wen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.023_bib19","first-page":"1925","article-title":"Paracentesis following intravitreal drug injections in maintaining physiologic ocular perfusion pressure","volume":"10","author":"Bach","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.023_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0b013e318294865c","article-title":"Ocular decompression with cotton swabs lowers intraocular pressure elevation after intravitreal injection","volume":"23","author":"Gregori","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Glaucoma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.023_bib21","article-title":"Effect of serial anterior chamber paracentesis on sustained intraocular pressure elevation in patients receiving intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy","author":"Sisk","year":"2018","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.023_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10028-1220","article-title":"Intravitreal injections of bevacizumab: the impact of needle size in intraocular pressure and pain","volume":"11","author":"Loureiro","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Curr Glaucoma Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.023_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.3341\/kjo.2015.29.3.190","article-title":"Assessment of patient pain experience during intravitreal 27-gauge bevacizumab and 30-gauge ranibizumab injection","volume":"29","author":"G\u00fcler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Korean J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.023_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1778","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000550","article-title":"Are intravitreal injections with ultrathin 33-G needles less painful than the commonly used 30-G needles?","volume":"35","author":"Van Asten","year":"2015","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.023_bib25","first-page":"4196","article-title":"Patient comfort with 30-gauge versus 31-gauge intravitreal injection","volume":"50","author":"Gohari","year":"2009","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.023_bib26","first-page":"304","article-title":"Which quadrant is less painful for intravitreal injection? A prospective study","volume":"33","author":"Karimi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eye (Basingstoke)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.023_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1517\/17425247.2014.909806","article-title":"Safety of bilateral intravitreal injections delivered in a teaching institution","volume":"11","author":"Chao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Deliv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.023_bib28","first-page":"8","article-title":"Retinal tears and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment after intravitreal injections: its prevalence and case reports","volume":"21","author":"Karabag","year":"2016","journal-title":"Digit J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.023_bib29","article-title":"How to give intravitreal injections","author":"Wilson","year":"2013","journal-title":"EyeNet Mag"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.023_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-200410001-00002","article-title":"Evolving guidelines for intravitreous injections","volume":"24","author":"Aiello","year":"2004","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.023_bib31","first-page":"1","article-title":"Pain and antisepsis after ocular administration of povidone-iodine versus chlorhexidine","volume":"38","author":"Oakley","year":"2017","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.023_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0184998","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0184998","article-title":"Combinatorial treatment with topical NSAIDs and anti-VEGF for age-related macular degeneration, a meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.023_bib33","article-title":"Pain management and anti-VEGF adherence","author":"Gingerich","year":"2018","journal-title":"MD Mag"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.023_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2013.2524","article-title":"Is the use of topical antibiotics for intravitreal injections the standard of care or are we better off without antibiotics?","volume":"131","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmology Retina"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2468653019300557?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2468653019300557?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T09:25:37Z","timestamp":1762853137000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2468653019300557"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S2468653019300557"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.023","relation":{},"ISSN":["2468-6530"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2468-6530","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Real-World Trends in Intravitreal Injection Practices among American Retina Specialists","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ophthalmology Retina","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.023","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 by the American Academy of Ophthalmology","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}